{"library":"agent-bev Library","source":{"file":"agent_bev_Library_FINAL.xlsx","sheet":"Library","sha256":"d596dca60e0ae343f2226584f633c06b5460420061ba0eeb78becbdda7e7d8ad","rows":70,"columns":19},"built":"2026-11-10T20:53:29Z","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status"},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade"},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty"},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling"},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits"},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names"},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority"},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced"}],"rows":[{"code":"es","country":"Spain","address":"es.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://es.eu-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators trade subject to food-business registration and the excise authorisations applicable to their activities. This classification reflects the registration and authorisation framework described below.","sources":["https://www.aesan.gob.es/registro-sanitario/empresas-alimentarias","https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/impuestos-especiales-medioambientales/censo-impuestos-especiales-medioambientales/registro-impuestos-especiales-fabricacion.html"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Operators undertaking customs transactions require an Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number before submitting customs declarations. Food businesses importing from outside the European Union (EU) fall within the General Sanitary Register of Food Businesses and Foods, known by its Spanish initials RGSEAA.\nWholesale and distribution: Food storage and distribution businesses fall within the food-business registration framework. Excise registration applies to specified activities, including factories, tax warehouses, fiscal warehouses, registered consignees and registered consignors for imports. The required status depends on the operator’s activity and the movement’s tax treatment.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Permitted under the general electronic-contracting framework, subject to the rules governing the underlying trade. Electronic trading does not itself require prior authorisation; existing activity-specific authorisations still apply.\nAdditional regional or municipal premises permissions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.aesan.gob.es/registro-sanitario/empresas-alimentarias","https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/impuestos-especiales-medioambientales/censo-impuestos-especiales-medioambientales/registro-impuestos-especiales-fabricacion.html","https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ayuda/manuales-videos-folletos/manuales-practicos/folleto-actividades-economicas/1-declaracion-censal/1_6-numero-registro-identificacion-operadores-eori.html","https://www.boe.es/eli/es/l/2002/07/11/34/con"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine; certain grape must. Spirits: 2208. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages; certain undenatured ethyl alcohol. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider; qualifying mixtures.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to imports into its customs territory. Treatment depends on the detailed product classification, origin and applicable tariff measures. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies third-country duties, preferences, quotas and restrictions. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer taxation depends on volume and alcoholic strength or degrees Plato. Wine and qualifying fermented beverages, including cider, have a zero excise rate in mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands. Intermediate products have a separate excise category. Spirits taxation uses the volume of pure alcohol.\nTerritorial treatment: Beer, intermediate-product and spirits excise applies in mainland Spain, the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands. Wine and fermented-beverage excise applies only in mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands. These alcohol excises do not apply in Ceuta or Melilla. Other local border taxes and charges: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62024TJ0691","https://administracion.gob.es/tu-espacio-europeo/derechos-obligaciones/empresas/impuestos/especiales/alcohol","https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/impuestos-especiales-medioambientales/impuestos-especiales-fabricacion/alcohol-bebidas-alcoholicas/ambito-objrtivo-ambito-territorial-interno.html"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory information appears at least in Spanish. A limited exception applies to traditional products made and distributed exclusively within an autonomous community with its own official language.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength. Wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergen lines: Relevant allergens require declaration. Where no ingredient list appears, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites require declaration above the prescribed threshold of 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide.\nOrigin lines: Wine requires an indication of provenance. For other beverages, the general food-information rules require origin or provenance where omission misleads; an origin claim can also trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nAdditional wine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply under the wine rules, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is available subject to conditions; allergens and energy value remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1999-17996","https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18 for ordinary purchase. The Ministry of Health states that people under 18 cannot buy alcohol.\nProfessional-use exception: Canary Islands legislation exempts sale or supply to people older than 16 who demonstrate professional use of the product from its under-18 prohibition.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Regional rules require separate treatment. In Galicia, the nighttime restriction runs from 22:00 to 09:00, but sales for distribution to professionals are expressly excluded. This exception is specific to Galicia.\nRemaining regional and municipal trade-hour restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.sanidad.gob.es/en/areas/promocionPrevencion/alcohol/jovenes.htm","https://boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1997-18301&p=20240216&tn=0","https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-3386"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Spain, operated by the Asociación Española de Codificación Comercial (AECOC). Its membership guidance identifies it as Spain’s GS1 member organisation and provides for allocation of product-identification codes.","sources":["https://www.aecoc.es/hazte-socio/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Additional regional or municipal premises permissions; other local border taxes and charges; general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; remaining regional and municipal trade-hour restrictions; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"fr","country":"France","address":"fr.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://fr.eu-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Excise authorisations depend on the operator’s activities and the tax status of movements.","sources":["https://www.douane.gouv.fr/professionnels/alcools-boissons-alcooliques/vous-etes-ou-souhaitez-devenir-professionnel-du"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import, wholesale and distribution: Customs provides authorised warehousekeeper, registered consignee and registered consignor statuses. The appropriate status depends on storage and movement arrangements. Duty-paid intra-European Union receipts can require certified-consignee status.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The public-health code treats distance alcohol sales as takeaway sales. The precise application of takeaway licensing to wholesale-only electronic sales: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional premises and food-business requirements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.douane.gouv.fr/professionnels/alcools-boissons-alcooliques/vous-etes-ou-souhaitez-devenir-professionnel-du","https://www.douane.gouv.fr/professionnels/paiements-garanties/garanties-et-dispenses-de-garantie-contributions-indirectes/vous","https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000020895404/2026-09-30"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: 2203 covers beer made from malt; 2204 covers wine of fresh grapes and certain grape must; 2206 covers other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures; 2208 covers spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and other tariff measures determine the duty. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer duty uses volume and alcoholic strength. Wine, cider and intermediate products have separate schedules; spirits duty uses pure alcohol. Alcohol above 18% also falls within the social-security contribution rules.\nTerritorial treatment: Overseas customs and excise variations: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://www.douane.gouv.fr/fiche/droits-des-alcools-et-boissons-alcooliques"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): French.\nMandatory alcohol warnings: Alcohol packaging carries the prescribed pregnancy health message or symbol.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration, using “contains” if there is no ingredient list. Sulphites above 10 milligrams per litre require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other foods require origin where omission misleads; stated origin may trigger primary-ingredient origin disclosure.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, subject to transition for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.\nIngredient-dependent warnings: Sweetener and aspartame statements apply where relevant.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.economie.gouv.fr/dgccrf/les-fiches-pratiques/etiquetage-des-denrees-alimentaires-les-regles-connaitre","https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000054140162/2026-09-02"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Sellers require proof of majority.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Takeaway sales between 22:00 and 08:00 require the specified prior training. Local restrictions and wholesale-only hour rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000031927682/2026-05-06","https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000020895404/2026-09-30"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 France.","sources":["https://www.gs1.fr/foire-aux-questions?question=suis-je-oblige-dadherer-gs1-france-avoir-code-gtin-ean-mes-codes-barres"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Wholesale-only online licensing; additional premises and food-business requirements; overseas territorial treatment; local restrictions and wholesale-only hours: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"it","country":"Italy","address":"it.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://it.eu-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Alcohol production, storage and movements operate within the national excise authorisation framework.","sources":["https://www.normattiva.it/eli/stato/DECRETO_LEGISLATIVO/1995/10/26/504/CONSOLIDATED"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import, wholesale and distribution: The consolidated excise law provides tax-warehouse and registered-operator arrangements. Authorisation depends on the excise status of the activity.\nThe precise current declaration requirements for each duty-paid wholesale and distribution activity, import permissions and local premises permissions: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.normattiva.it/eli/stato/DECRETO_LEGISLATIVO/1995/10/26/504/CONSOLIDATED"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: 2203 covers beer made from malt; 2204 covers wine of fresh grapes and certain grape must; 2206 covers other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures; 2208 covers spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and other tariff measures determine the duty. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer duty uses volume and degrees Plato. Wine and other fermented beverages carry a zero rate. Intermediate products are taxed separately; spirits duty uses pure alcohol.\nTerritorial treatment and special-territory exclusions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://temi.camera.it/leg19/temi/19_tl18_accise.html","https://www.adm.gov.it/portale/aliquote-accisa-nazionali"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): National language requirement: Not yet sourced.\nMandatory alcohol warnings: National alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration, using “contains” if there is no ingredient list. Sulphites above 10 milligrams per litre require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other foods require origin where omission misleads; stated origin may trigger primary-ingredient origin disclosure.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, subject to transition for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.\nIngredient-dependent warnings: Sweetener and aspartame statements apply where relevant.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Sale and supply to minors are prohibited.\nSale-hour and channel limits affecting wholesale or online fulfilment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.salute.gov.it/new/it/tema/alcol/giovani-e-alcol/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Italy.","sources":["https://gs1it.org/assistenza/standard-specifiche/gtin/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Detailed duty-paid wholesale and distribution declarations; import and local permissions; online trade; territorial treatment; national label language and health warnings; trade-hour and channel limits: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"de","country":"Germany","address":"de.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://de.eu-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Excise warehouse operations require customs authorisation; requirements depend on activity.","sources":["https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/alkstg/__5.html"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import, wholesale and distribution: A spirits tax-warehouse keeper requires customs permission. The application identifies the operator and proposed premises.\nOther import and duty-paid wholesale or distribution permissions: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/alkstg/__5.html","https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/alkstv/__6.html"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: 2203 covers beer made from malt; 2204 covers wine of fresh grapes and certain grape must; 2206 covers other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures; 2208 covers spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and other tariff measures determine the duty. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer taxation uses volume and degrees Plato, with reduced rates for qualifying independent small breweries. Sparkling wine and intermediate products have separate excise legislation.\nStill-wine, cider and spirits excise treatment in detail: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: The sparkling-wine excise territory excludes Büsingen and Helgoland. Treatment of other taxes and territories: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bierstg_2009/__2.html","https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/schaumwzwstg_2009/__1.html","https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/schaumwzwstg_2009/BJNR189600009.html"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): German. Packaged beer also requires an ingredient list.\nMandatory alcohol warnings: Alcopops carry an under-18 sale warning. Other general alcohol-health or pregnancy warnings: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration, using “contains” if there is no ingredient list. Sulphites above 10 milligrams per litre require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other foods require origin where omission misleads; stated origin may trigger primary-ingredient origin disclosure.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, subject to transition for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.\nIngredient-dependent warnings: Sweetener and aspartame statements apply where relevant.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/lmidv/BJNR227210017.html","https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/juschg/__9.html"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: Public sale and supply is restricted to age 16 for beer, wine, wine-like drinks and sparkling wine, and age 18 for other alcoholic drinks. The statute contains an accompanying-parent exception for certain younger persons for the first category.\nChannel limits: Alcohol vending machines are restricted under youth-protection rules. Regional sale hours and wholesale exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/juschg/__9.html"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Germany.","sources":["https://www.gs1-germany.de/ean-gtin-barcode/ean-kaufen/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Other import, wholesale and distribution permissions; online trade; detailed still-wine, cider and spirits excise; other territorial rules; general health warnings; regional sale hours and wholesale exceptions: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"pt","country":"Portugal","address":"pt.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://pt.eu-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Alcohol falls within the national excise framework. Activity-specific trading permissions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/legislacao-consolidada/decreto-lei/2010-34478675-105758356"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import, wholesale and distribution licences and food-business registrations: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Not yet sourced.","sources":["Not yet sourced"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: 2203 covers beer made from malt; 2204 covers wine of fresh grapes and certain grape must; 2206 covers other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures; 2208 covers spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and other tariff measures determine the duty. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: The alcohol excise code distinguishes beer, wine, other fermented beverages, intermediate products and spirits. Detailed current category treatment and reliefs: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment, including island variations: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/legislacao-consolidada/decreto-lei/2010-34478675-105758356"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Portuguese.\nMandatory alcohol warnings: National alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration, using “contains” if there is no ingredient list. Sulphites above 10 milligrams per litre require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other foods require origin where omission misleads; stated origin may trigger primary-ingredient origin disclosure.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, subject to transition for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.\nIngredient-dependent warnings: Sweetener and aspartame statements apply where relevant.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.asae.gov.pt/perguntas-frequentes1/area-alimentar/rotulagem/rotulagem-ingredientes.aspx"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Alcohol sales are generally prohibited from 00:00 to 08:00, with statutory exceptions including specified hospitality and passenger facilities. Vending-machine sales are prohibited. The precise treatment of wholesale-only transactions under these restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/legislacao-consolidada/decreto-lei/2013-58361867","https://www.gov.pt/guias/fiscalizacao-de-atividades-economicas"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Portugal, Associação Portuguesa de Identificação e Codificação.","sources":["https://gs1pt.org/adesao/","https://app.gs1pt.org/online/register"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Activity-specific import, wholesale and distribution permissions; food-business registrations; online trade; detailed excise treatment and reliefs; territorial variations; national health warnings; wholesale scope of sale restrictions: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"be","country":"Belgium","address":"be.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://be.eu-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Traders in duty-paid alcohol require the alcohol-and-tobacco trader authorisation, subject to the stated exceptions.","sources":["https://finances.belgium.be/fr/douanes_accises/entreprises/accises/formulaires-de-demande/commercant-alcool-tabac"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Wholesale and distribution: The alcohol-and-tobacco trader authorisation covers duty-paid alcohol traders, including wholesalers and online sellers. The transition period ends in November 2025.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Online traders fall within this authorisation framework.\nImport and duty-suspension permissions, and additional food-business registration: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://finances.belgium.be/fr/douanes_accises/entreprises/accises/formulaires-de-demande/commercant-alcool-tabac","https://financien.belgium.be/nl/node/18534"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: 2203 covers beer made from malt; 2204 covers wine of fresh grapes and certain grape must; 2206 covers other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures; 2208 covers spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and other tariff measures determine the duty. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: The customs authority provides a national alcoholic-beverage excise schedule. Detailed treatment of beer, wine, cider and spirits: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://finances.belgium.be/fr/douanes_accises/entreprises/accises/boissons-alcoolis%C3%A9es"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory information uses the language or languages of the linguistic region: Dutch in the Dutch-speaking region, French in the French-speaking region, German in the German-speaking region, and French and Dutch in Brussels.\nMandatory alcohol warnings: National alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration, using “contains” if there is no ingredient list. Sulphites above 10 milligrams per litre require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other foods require origin where omission misleads; stated origin may trigger primary-ingredient origin disclosure.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, subject to transition for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.\nIngredient-dependent warnings: Sweetener and aspartame statements apply where relevant.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.foodweb.favv-afsca.be/consommateurs/viepratique/achats/langue/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18, except beer and wine without added spirits or spirit flavouring, which may be sold from age 16.\nChannel limits: Alcohol vending-machine sales are prohibited. Motorway service-station sales are restricted between 22:00 and 07:00, with an exception for on-site restaurant consumption. Wholesale-only application and other local restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.health.belgium.be/fr/professionnels/administration-politique/produits-consommation/vente-dalcool"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Belgium & Luxembourg.","sources":["https://www.gs1belu.org/en/global-trade-item-number-gtin"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Import and duty-suspension permissions; additional food-business registration; detailed national excise; territorial treatment; national health warnings; wholesale-only application and other local restrictions: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"nl","country":"Netherlands","address":"nl.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://nl.eu-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Open. Wholesale supply exclusively to businesses does not require a liquor licence. Excise and other activity requirements remain separate.","sources":["https://business.gov.nl/regulations/selling-serving-alcohol/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Wholesale and distribution: A wholesaler selling alcohol exclusively to businesses does not require the retail liquor licence. Retail sale of high-alcohol drinks requires the relevant licence.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The official guidance exempts exclusively business-facing wholesalers from liquor licensing and separately permits online alcohol sales under applicable conditions.\nImport, excise permits and food-business registration details: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://business.gov.nl/regulations/selling-serving-alcohol/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: 2203 covers beer made from malt; 2204 covers wine of fresh grapes and certain grape must; 2206 covers other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures; 2208 covers spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and other tariff measures determine the duty. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Wine uses volume and strength categories. Intermediate products have a separate category. The tax classification of cider depends on composition and the applicable fermented-beverage definition; it is not determined by the product name alone.\nBeer and spirits excise basis in detail, and territorial treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://www.douane.nl/onderwerpen/accijns-en-verbruiksbelasting/accijnsgoederen-en-bijzonderheden/"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Dutch. Food businesses supplying other food businesses pass on the information necessary for compliance.\nMandatory alcohol warnings: National alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration, using “contains” if there is no ingredient list. Sulphites above 10 milligrams per litre require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other foods require origin where omission misleads; stated origin may trigger primary-ingredient origin disclosure.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, subject to transition for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.\nIngredient-dependent warnings: Sweetener and aspartame statements apply where relevant.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://business.gov.nl/regulations/labelling-food/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Online consumer sales require age checks at ordering and delivery.\nChannel limits: Alcohol sales at petrol stations and market stalls are prohibited. Wholesale-specific sale-hour restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://business.gov.nl/regulations/selling-serving-alcohol/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Netherlands.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Import and excise permits; food-business registration; detailed beer and spirits excise; territorial treatment; national health warnings; wholesale-specific sale hours: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"dk","country":"Denmark","address":"dk.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://dk.eu-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Commercial alcohol activities require the applicable excise registration.","sources":["https://skat.dk/erhverv/afgifter-paa-varer-og-ydelser-punktafgifter/afgifter-paa-spiritus-vin-og-oel"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Regular importers register for alcohol excise. Occasional imports use the temporary-registration procedure.\nWholesale and distribution: Excise registration depends on the activity and goods. Additional premises permissions: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Online food sellers are subject to food-business registration rules; specific alcohol wholesale online permissions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://skat.dk/erhverv/afgifter-paa-varer-og-ydelser-punktafgifter/afgifter-paa-spiritus-vin-og-oel","https://skat.dk/hjaelp/blanketter/22-punktafgift-drikkevarer/registrering-for-spiritus-vin-og-oel","https://www.foedevarestyrelsen.dk/kost-og-foedevarer/maerkning-og-markedsfoering-af-foedevarer/naar-du-saelger-foedevarer-paa-nettet"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: 2203 covers beer made from malt; 2204 covers wine of fresh grapes and certain grape must; 2206 covers other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures; 2208 covers spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and other tariff measures determine the duty. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer above 2.7% alcohol by volume is taxable. Wine and cider from above 1.2% to 22% fall under wine-duty rules; above 22% they fall under spirits duty. Sparkling products can incur an additional duty. Spirits above 1.2% are taxable.\nTerritorial treatment, including Greenland and the Faroe Islands: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://skat.dk/erhverv/afgifter-paa-varer-og-ydelser-punktafgifter/afgifter-paa-spiritus-vin-og-oel"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): National language requirement: Not yet sourced.\nMandatory alcohol warnings: National alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration, using “contains” if there is no ingredient list. Sulphites above 10 milligrams per litre require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other foods require origin where omission misleads; stated origin may trigger primary-ingredient origin disclosure.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, subject to transition for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.\nIngredient-dependent warnings: Sweetener and aspartame statements apply where relevant.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 16 for drinks from 1.2% up to 6% alcohol by volume; 18 above 6%. Online sales require effective age verification before the sale.\nSale-hour and channel limits: In designated nightlife zones, sale and delivery of drinks from 1.2% to under-18s is prohibited from 22:00 to 08:00. Other wholesale-specific hours: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.sik.dk/erhverv/medicin-og-alderskontrol/alderskontrol/alderskontrol-salg-alkohol","https://www.skim.dk/sundhed/forebyggelse/aldersgraenser-for-salg-af-tobak-nikotin-og-alkohol"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Denmark.","sources":["https://www.gs1.dk/vejledninger/kom-godt-i-gang-med-gtins-stregkodenumre"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Additional premises permissions; alcohol wholesale online permissions; territorial treatment; national label language and health warnings; other wholesale-specific hours: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"pl","country":"Poland","address":"pl.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://pl.eu-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Wholesale alcohol trade requires permission appropriate to the strength category.","sources":["https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2023/2151/text.html"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Wholesale and distribution: Wholesale permission for drinks above 18% alcohol is issued by the responsible minister; permission for drinks up to 18% is issued at provincial level. Categories distinguish beer and drinks up to 4.5%, other drinks above 4.5% up to 18%, and drinks above 18%.\nImport and excise registrations, additional distribution premises permissions: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2023/2151/text.html","https://www.gov.pl/web/rozwoj-technologia/jak-uzyskac-zezwolenie-na-obrot-hurtowy-alkoholem-powyzej-18-zawartosci-alkoholu"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: 2203 covers beer made from malt; 2204 covers wine of fresh grapes and certain grape must; 2206 covers other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures; 2208 covers spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and other tariff measures determine the duty. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer taxation uses volume and degrees Plato; wine uses volume; spirits use pure-alcohol volume.\nDetailed cider treatment, reliefs and territorial exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://podatki.gov.pl/akcyza/stawki-podatkowe"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Polish.\nMandatory alcohol warnings: National alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration, using “contains” if there is no ingredient list. Sulphites above 10 milligrams per litre require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other foods require origin where omission misleads; stated origin may trigger primary-ingredient origin disclosure.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, subject to transition for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.\nIngredient-dependent warnings: Sweetener and aspartame statements apply where relevant.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.gov.pl/web/gis/podstawowe-wymagania-dotyczace-znakowania-zywnosci2"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Municipalities may restrict off-premises retail alcohol sales between 22:00 and 06:00. These retail powers do not establish a nationwide wholesale closing time. Wholesale-specific hours: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2023/2151/text.html"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Polska.","sources":["https://gs1pl.org/faq/","https://gs1pl.org/standardy/gtin/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Import and excise registrations; distribution premises permissions; online trade; detailed cider excise and reliefs; territorial exceptions; national health warnings; wholesale-specific hours: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ie","country":"Ireland","address":"ie.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Wholesale dealers require the relevant excise licence for the product category.","sources":["https://www.revenue.ie/en/companies-and-charities/excise-and-licences/excise-licensing/wholesale-dealers-licences/index.aspx"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Wholesale and distribution: Separate wholesale dealer licences cover beer, wine, spirits, spirits of wine and sweets; licences may be combined as applicable. A beer wholesale licence requires the specified court certificate.\nImport permissions, excise movement authorisations and additional food-business registration: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.revenue.ie/en/companies-and-charities/excise-and-licences/excise-licensing/wholesale-dealers-licences/index.aspx"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: 2203 covers beer made from malt; 2204 covers wine of fresh grapes and certain grape must; 2206 covers other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures; 2208 covers spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and other tariff measures determine the duty. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Alcohol Products Tax distinguishes beer, wine, cider and perry, intermediate products and spirits. Beer treatment depends on volume and strength; spirits use pure alcohol. Wine and cider schedules distinguish strength bands and still or sparkling products.\nTerritorial treatment and special exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://www.revenue.ie/en/companies-and-charities/excise-and-licences/excise-duty-rates/alcohol-products-tax.aspx"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): English. Irish and other languages may appear additionally.\nMandatory alcohol warnings: The national alcohol health-labelling measures are deferred to 3 September 2028. They are future requirements at the as-of date, not current label requirements.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration, using “contains” if there is no ingredient list. Sulphites above 10 milligrams per litre require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other foods require origin where omission misleads; stated origin may trigger primary-ingredient origin disclosure.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, subject to transition for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.\nIngredient-dependent warnings: Sweetener and aspartame statements apply where relevant.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.fsai.ie/business-advice/labelling/labelling-general-labelling","https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/422/made/en/print","https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2025/si/423/made/en/print"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Off-premises retail sales are generally limited to 10:30–22:00 Monday to Saturday and 12:30–22:00 on Sundays and Saint Patrick’s Day. Wholesale-specific application and exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1988/act/16/section/31","https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/act/17/section/4/enacted/en/html"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Ireland.","sources":["https://www.gs1ie.org/barcode-information/barcode-types/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Import and excise movement permissions; food-business registration; online trade; territorial treatment; wholesale-specific sale-hour application and exceptions: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"at","country":"Austria","address":"at.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Trade registration applies to commercial activity. Customs authorisation applies to specified alcohol and beer activities, including duty-suspended handling and movements.","sources":["https://www.usp.gv.at/services/suchen-und-finden/lexikon/gewerbeanmeldung.html","https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/steuern/steuern-von-a-bis-z/alkoholsteuer.html","https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/steuern/steuern-von-a-bis-z/biersteuer.html"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: Commercial activity requires registration with the competent trade authority. Commercial manufacture, storage, processing and duty-suspended movement of alcohol require authorisation from Austrian Customs. Beer and intermediate products have their own excise procedures. Wine remains subject to movement formalities even where no excise is charged.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Alcohol-specific permission and conditions for wholesale electronic sales: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional food-business registration and municipal premises requirements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en?prefLang=it","https://www.usp.gv.at/services/suchen-und-finden/lexikon/gewerbeanmeldung.html","https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/steuern/steuern-von-a-bis-z/alkoholsteuer.html","https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/steuern/steuern-von-a-bis-z/biersteuer.html","https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/steuern/steuern-von-a-bis-z/schaumwein.html"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. Detailed classification, origin, preferences, quotas and other tariff measures determine the duty. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer and spirits are taxable. Still and sparkling wine carry no special excise charge, but movement procedures still apply. Intermediate products are taxed by product volume. The detailed beer and spirits calculation bases, and cider treatment: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Austria.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/steuern/steuern-von-a-bis-z/alkoholsteuer.html","https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/steuern/steuern-von-a-bis-z/biersteuer.html","https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/steuern/steuern-von-a-bis-z/schaumwein.html"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): National language requirement: Not yet sourced.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength; wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; an origin claim can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: Youth-protection law is provincial. The aligned rules generally prohibit alcohol purchase below 16 and drinks containing distilled alcohol below 18. The applicable provincial definition and conditions govern the transaction.\nSale-hour and channel limits affecting wholesale and online fulfilment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.oesterreich.gv.at/de/themen/reisen_und_freizeit/vorschriften-fuer-jugendliche/verhaltensregeln-im-alltag-und-auf-reisen/Seite.1740250"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Austria.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Wholesale online-sale permission; food-business registration; municipal premises requirements; detailed beer and spirits excise bases; cider excise; national label language; trade-hour and channel limits: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"se","country":"Sweden","address":"se.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"State monopoly. Systembolaget holds the state retail monopoly for spirits, wine, strong beer and other fermented alcoholic drinks, subject to statutory exceptions. Licensed farm sales form a limited exception. The retail monopoly does not reserve wholesale trade to the state: approved private wholesalers may supply authorised business buyers.","sources":["https://www.government.se/government-agencies/swedish-alcohol-retailing-monopoly--systembolaget-aktiebolag/","https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/alkohollag-20101622_sfs-2010-1622/","https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/the-public-health-agency-of-sweden/living-conditions-and-lifestyle/andtg/legal-requirements-for-manufacturing-importing-wholesale-and-retail-alcohol/rules-for-the-manufacturing-and-trade-with-alcoholic-beverages/wholesale/","https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/regler-och-tillsyn/tillsynsvagledning-och-stod/tillsynsvagledning-for-forsaljning-av-alkoholdrycker-och-alkoholdrycksliknande-preparat/gardsforsaljning-av-alkoholdrycker/vagledning-for-gardsforsaljning-av-alkoholdrycker/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: The Swedish Tax Agency approves warehousekeepers or registered recipients for wholesale trade in the covered products. Approval determines which beverage categories the operator may trade and import. Wholesalers may supply the retail monopoly, other authorised wholesalers, holders of qualifying serving licences and approved tax-exempt users. Sellers must verify the buyer’s purchasing or resale entitlement. Sales reporting obligations apply.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Wholesale buyer eligibility applies to the trade. Specific confirmation of electronic wholesale contracting requirements: Not yet sourced. A wholesale approval does not itself authorise ordinary direct consumer retail sales.\nAdditional premises and food-business registrations: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en?prefLang=it","https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/the-public-health-agency-of-sweden/living-conditions-and-lifestyle/andtg/legal-requirements-for-manufacturing-importing-wholesale-and-retail-alcohol/rules-for-the-manufacturing-and-trade-with-alcoholic-beverages/wholesale/","https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/alkohollag-20101622_sfs-2010-1622/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. Detailed classification, origin, preferences, quotas and other tariff measures determine the duty. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer duty uses litres and alcoholic strength, with a zero-rate band up to 2.8%. Wine and other fermented beverages, including qualifying cider, use product volume and strength bands. Intermediate products have a separate schedule. Spirits duty uses litres of pure alcohol. Reduced rates apply to qualifying independent small producers.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Sweden.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://www.skatteverket.se/foretag/skatterochavdrag/punktskatter/alkoholskatt/skattesatser.4.4a47257e143e26725aecb5.html"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Swedish, or a language differing only insignificantly from Swedish. Wine information has a language exception, but allergen information must be in Swedish.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength; wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; an origin claim can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.livsmedelsverket.se/livsmedel-och-innehall/text-pa-forpackning-markning/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 20 for monopoly retail and licensed farm sales; 18 for on-premises service and retail sale of medium-strength beer within the statutory category.\nChannel limits: Farm sales require the prescribed producer-visit arrangement and cannot use electronic commerce or other distance sales. Ordinary retail rights remain separate from wholesale approval. Monopoly outlet hours and other wholesale-specific hour restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/alkohollag-20101622_sfs-2010-1622/","https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/regler-och-tillsyn/tillsynsvagledning-och-stod/tillsynsvagledning-for-forsaljning-av-alkoholdrycker-och-alkoholdrycksliknande-preparat/gardsforsaljning-av-alkoholdrycker/vagledning-for-gardsforsaljning-av-alkoholdrycker/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Sweden.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Specific electronic wholesale contracting requirements; additional premises and food-business registrations; monopoly outlet hours and other wholesale-specific hour restrictions: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"fi","country":"Finland","address":"fi.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"State monopoly. Alko holds the state retail monopoly, subject to statutory exceptions. Other licensed retailers may sell fermented drinks up to 8% alcohol by volume and other alcoholic drinks up to 5.5%. Qualifying farm wines and craft beers have separate exceptions. Private wholesale licensing remains available; the retail monopoly is not a wholesale monopoly.","sources":["https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2017/1102","https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-/152634019/what-is-changing-in-the-retail-sale-of-alcoholic-beverages-after-10-june-2024-"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport: Commercial beverage imports do not require a separate beverage-import licence, but the importer needs the licence appropriate to its business activity for drinks above 2.8%. Commencement of commercial import or export activity is notified to the Finnish Supervisory Agency.\nWholesale and distribution: A wholesale licence requires suitable expertise, storage and a self-monitoring plan. A manufacturing licence includes wholesale rights for alcoholic beverages without a separate wholesale licence. Manufacturers and wholesalers sell only to licence holders for the licensed purpose and record sales by buyer and licence.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific electronic wholesale contracting conditions: Not yet sourced. Consumer delivery and cross-border distance-sale provisions commencing on 3 January 2027 are not treated here as current wholesale permissions.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en?prefLang=it","https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2017/1102","https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/2026/589"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. Detailed classification, origin, preferences, quotas and other tariff measures determine the duty. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer and spirits use ethyl-alcohol quantity, with category and strength distinctions. Wine and other fermented drinks, including qualifying cider, use beverage volume and strength bands. Intermediate products have separate bands. Beverage packaging tax and available packaging-system reliefs: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: Mainland Finland is within European Union customs and excise territory. Åland is within customs territory but outside the Union excise and value added tax territories. Åland-specific national licensing and tax-border procedures: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://vero.fi/en/businesses-and-corporations/taxes-and-charges/excise-taxation/excise-duty-on-alcohol-and-alcoholic-beverages/Excise-duty-table-for-alcohol-and-alcoholic-beveragesoholijuomaverotaulukko","https://www.vero.fi/en/businesses-and-corporations/taxes-and-charges/excise-taxation/excise-duty-on-alcohol-and-alcoholic-beverages/"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Finnish and Swedish. For products marketed only in a monolingual municipality, that municipality’s language is sufficient.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength; wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; an origin claim can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.ruokavirasto.fi/en/foodstuffs/food-sector/food-information/labelling/faqs/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18; retail purchase of strong alcoholic drinks above 22% alcohol by volume requires age 20. On-premises service requires age 18.\nSale-hour and channel limits: The statutory retail-sales window is 09:00–21:00, excluding drinks up to 2.8%. This is a retail rule. Wholesale-specific hour restrictions: Not yet sourced. Delivery provisions with a 3 January 2027 commencement date are not yet in force.","sources":["https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2017/1102","https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/2026/589"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Finland.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Electronic wholesale contracting conditions; beverage packaging tax and reliefs; Åland-specific national licensing and tax-border procedures; wholesale-specific hour restrictions: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"gr","country":"Greece","address":"gr.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Customs and excise controls apply to alcoholic products. Operators handling the ready-to-consume alcoholic drinks covered by the national traceability rules register and report their movements.","sources":["https://www.aade.gr/ilektroniko-mitroo-epitideymation-alkooloyhon-poton-ilektroniko-systima","https://minfin.gov.gr/en/tax-policy/tax-guide/excise-duties-efk/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: Producers, importers, recipients from other member states and domestic wholesalers of the covered ready-to-consume alcoholic drinks register in the electronic alcohol-trader register and record daily movements by lot and other required details. This registration applies to the products defined in the cited decisions; it is not a statement that every beer or wine product has identical reporting obligations.\nDetailed warehousekeeper, consignee and food-business permissions for each product category: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale permission and electronic-sale conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en?prefLang=it","https://www.aade.gr/ilektroniko-mitroo-epitideymation-alkooloyhon-poton-ilektroniko-systima","https://minfin.gov.gr/en/tax-policy/tax-guide/excise-duties-efk/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. Detailed classification, origin, preferences, quotas and other tariff measures determine the duty. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer uses volume and degrees Plato, with reduced treatment for qualifying independent small breweries. Still and sparkling wine have a zero rate. Other fermented beverages, including qualifying cider, and intermediate products use product volume. Spirits use pure-alcohol volume; specified traditional spirits qualify for reduced treatment.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Greece, including Mount Athos. Mount Athos is outside the Union value added tax territory. Any additional regional alcohol-excise reliefs: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://minfin.gov.gr/en/tax-policy/tax-guide/excise-duties-efk/"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Greek for mandatory information on prepacked food; additional languages are permitted.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength; wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; an origin claim can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.efet.gr/index.php/el/consumers/episimansi"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Sale, supply and offering of alcohol to minors are prohibited. Sellers must verify adulthood and refuse the sale without proof.\nChannel limits: Alcohol vending-machine sales are prohibited. Local sale hours and wholesale-specific restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.minocp.gov.gr/2026/03/18/18-03-2026-odikos-chartis-kai-epicheirisiako-schedio-gia-tin-katholiki-efarmogi-tis-apagorefsis-polisis-kapnikon-kai-alkool-se-anilikous/","https://penteli.gov.gr/afstiri-systasi-pros-ola-ta-katastimata-gia-tin-apagorefsi-polisis-alkool-se-anilikous/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Association Greece.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Detailed warehousekeeper, consignee and food-business permissions; wholesale online-sale conditions; additional regional excise reliefs; local and wholesale-specific sale hours: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"cz","country":"Czechia","address":"cz.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Spirits sales require the relevant trade concession, and covered duty-paid spirits distribution requires customs registration.","sources":["https://portal.gov.cz/sluzby-vs/registrace-distributora-lihu-S40412","https://www.szpi.gov.cz/clanek/maloobchod.aspx?q=Y2hudW09Nw%3D%3D"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nWholesale and distribution: Business distribution of consumer-packed spirits at 15% alcohol by volume or above, under headings 2207 and 2208, requires spirits-distributor registration. Statutory exclusions include final retail sale and the first sale by the person responsible for marking the spirits. Spirits trading also requires the relevant concession.\nImport, tax-warehouse and registered-consignee permissions, and registrations for beer, wine and cider wholesalers: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en?prefLang=it","https://portal.gov.cz/sluzby-vs/registrace-distributora-lihu-S40412","https://www.szpi.gov.cz/clanek/maloobchod.aspx?q=Y2hudW09Nw%3D%3D"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. Detailed classification, origin, preferences, quotas and other tariff measures determine the duty. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: The national wine and intermediate-products regime includes qualifying fermented beverages under heading 2206. Still wine has a zero rate; sparkling wine and intermediate products are taxed by product volume. Spirits duty uses pure-alcohol quantity. Beer’s detailed calculation basis and the precise cider category treatment: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Czechia.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://www.businessinfo.cz/navody/dan-z-piva-a-dan-z-vina-a-meziproduktu/","https://celnisprava.gov.cz/cz/dane/WebSPD/WebLih/Stranky/default.aspx"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Czech for mandatory consumer information. The final-consumer requirement also applies to distance-sale information; business-to-business outer-packaging treatment follows the specific food-information rules.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength; wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; an origin claim can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.szpi.gov.cz/clanek/oznacovani-potravin-caste-dotazy.aspx","https://www.szpi.gov.cz/clanek/postupy-a-stanoviska-szpi-oznacovani-jazykove-pozadavky-u-oznacovani-vnejsich-obalu-podle-narizeni-c-1169-2011.aspx"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Sellers display the prescribed Czech-language notice prohibiting alcohol sales to under-18s.\nChannel limits: Spirits retailers obtain covered stock only through the permitted registered supply chain. Sale-hour restrictions and wholesale-specific online age-verification arrangements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.szpi.gov.cz/clanek/maloobchod.aspx?q=Y2hudW09Nw%3D%3D"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Czech Republic.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Import, warehousekeeper and consignee permissions; beer, wine and cider wholesale registrations; wholesale electronic-sale conditions; detailed beer excise basis and precise cider treatment; sale-hour restrictions and wholesale-specific online age verification: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"hu","country":"Hungary","address":"hu.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Excise-authorised trading and food-sector notification requirements apply according to the activity and product.","sources":["https://njt.jog.gov.hu/jogszabaly/2016-68-00-00.51","https://portal.nebih.gov.hu/web/guest/boraszati-termekek-es-alkoholos-italok"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: The excise legislation provides authorised excise-trader, warehouse and registered-operator arrangements. Excise traders provide the prescribed financial security. Detailed import and movement status requirements for each supply model: Not yet sourced.\nAlcoholic-beverage manufacture and distribution are notified to the competent food-chain authority. Wine production and handling require the relevant winery operating authorisation; storage of sealed bottled wine does not itself require that winery authorisation.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en?prefLang=it","https://njt.jog.gov.hu/jogszabaly/2016-68-00-00.51","https://portal.nebih.gov.hu/web/guest/boraszati-termekek-es-alkoholos-italok","https://nav.gov.hu/en/intormation_on_customs_matters/Excise/excise-forms-and-their-completion-guides"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. Detailed classification, origin, preferences, quotas and other tariff measures determine the duty. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: The 2026 schedule distinguishes beer, still and sparkling wine, other still and sparkling fermented beverages, intermediate alcohol products and spirits. Still wine is zero-rated. Sparkling wine has positive rates with qualifying small-producer treatment. Other fermented beverages have different subcategories, including both zero and positive rates; cider requires classification against those definitions. Detailed beer and spirits calculation bases and product-specific reliefs: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Hungary.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://nav.gov.hu/kozadat/egyedi_kozzeteteli_lista/35.-Valorizalt-jovedeki-adomertekek"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Hungarian for food placed on the market for public consumption.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength; wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; an origin claim can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://portal.nebih.gov.hu/egyeb-ugy/-/asset_publisher/4ndba0yRXvQX/content/nem-engedelykoteles-letesitmenyek-bejelentese/pop_up"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Sale and service of alcoholic drinks to under-18s are prohibited, apart from the statutory exception for prescription-only medicines. Where age is doubtful, the seller requests reliable proof and refuses the sale if age is not established.\nLocal sale hours and wholesale-specific channel restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://njt.jog.gov.hu/jogszabaly/1997-155-00-00.82"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Hungary.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Detailed import and movement permissions by supply model; wholesale electronic-sale conditions; detailed beer and spirits excise bases; product-specific cider treatment and reliefs; local sale hours and wholesale-specific channel restrictions: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ro","country":"Romania","address":"ro.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Distribution and wholesale commercialisation of alcoholic beverages require the prescribed wholesale certificate and registration procedure.","sources":["https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/FormaPrintabila/00000G24BY81BALWR2N1W6FHC2Z728H6","https://www.customs.ro/agenti-economici/proceduri-in-domeniul-produselor-accizabile"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nWholesale and distribution: The April 2026 procedure governs the certificate for distribution and wholesale commercialisation of alcoholic beverages and registration of the operator. The competent fiscal registration body and territorial customs authority perform the roles set out in that procedure.\nImport, tax-warehouse and registered-consignee authorisations, food-business registration and premises requirements: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en?prefLang=it","https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/FormaPrintabila/00000G24BY81BALWR2N1W6FHC2Z728H6","https://www.customs.ro/agenti-economici/proceduri-in-domeniul-produselor-accizabile"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. Detailed classification, origin, preferences, quotas and other tariff measures determine the duty. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: The 2026 schedule taxes beer by product volume and degrees Plato, with qualifying small-brewery treatment. Still and sparkling wines have positive volume-based rates. Apple and pear cider have specific lines within other fermented beverages. Intermediate products use product volume; spirits use pure-alcohol volume, with qualifying small-distillery treatment. Still wine is not zero-rated under this schedule.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Romania.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/FormaPrintabila/00000G3JUX5MTISYR5D2AA874CPY07UZ"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Romanian. Imported products require the relevant label information in Romanian; other languages may also appear.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength; wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; an origin claim can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://anpc.ro/anpc-verifica-etichetarea-in-limba-romana-a-produselor-din-import/","https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/FormaPrintabila/00000G246U1JLTCCX2Q23ZE9CE65AZI9"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Authorised outlets may not sell or give alcoholic drinks to minors. Retail and hospitality staff request identity documents to verify the age of alcohol buyers and consumers.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Service after the authorised closing time or during legally prohibited periods is prohibited. Applicable local hours and wholesale-only exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://legislatie.just.ro/public/DetaliiDocument/1534","https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/FormaPrintabila/00000G12ZC4Q92OP8Z73JFEZQDXGAXOO"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Romania.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Import, tax-warehouse and registered-consignee authorisations; food-business registration and premises requirements; wholesale electronic-sale conditions; local sale hours and wholesale-only exceptions: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"bg","country":"Bulgaria","address":"bg.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. The excise and tax-warehouse framework controls manufacture, storage, movement and release of alcoholic products. Warehousekeepers and other specified operators require the applicable authorisation or registration.","sources":["https://psc.egov.bg/en/psc-customs-and-excise-duties"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: The excise framework recognises authorised warehousekeepers, registered operators, temporary registered consignees and other specified liable persons. Customs liability also applies to imported excisable goods. The precise authorisation for the proposed warehouse, import or duty-paid distribution model: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.\nFood-business registration and additional premises requirements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en?prefLang=it","https://psc.egov.bg/en/psc-customs-and-excise-duties"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. Detailed classification, origin, preferences, quotas and other tariff measures determine the duty. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Alcoholic products fall within the national excise and tax-warehouse legislation. The competent customs authority administers the tax. Current national beer, wine, cider, intermediate-product and spirits calculation bases, zero-rate categories and reliefs: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Bulgaria.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://psc.egov.bg/en/psc-customs-and-excise-duties"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): National language requirement under the enacted current food legislation: Not yet sourced.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength; wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; an origin claim can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. The Criminal Code prohibits sale of an alcoholic drink to a person under 18.\nSale-hour and channel limits affecting wholesale, distribution and online fulfilment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://justice.government.bg/home/normdoc/1589654529"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Bulgaria.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Precise import, warehouse and duty-paid distribution authorisations; wholesale electronic-sale conditions; food-business registration and premises requirements; national excise calculation bases, zero-rate categories and reliefs; national label language; sale-hour and channel limits: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"hr","country":"Croatia","address":"hr.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Alcohol operations are subject to customs excise registration and the authorisations applicable to duty-suspended production, storage and receipt.","sources":["https://carina.gov.hr/pristup-informacijama/propisi-i-sporazumi/trosarinsko-postupanje/najcesca-pitanja-i-odgovori-3645/alkohol-i-alkoholna-pica-3726/3726"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: The customs guidance distinguishes an authorised excise warehousekeeper from a registered or occasionally registered consignee. Duty-suspended goods are received through the appropriate authorised arrangement; a registered consignee accounts for excise on receipt. Tax-warehouse permission covers the approved premises and activities.\nCurrent duty-paid cross-border consignment procedures, ordinary wholesale trading permissions and food-business registration: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en?prefLang=it","https://carina.gov.hr/pristup-informacijama/propisi-i-sporazumi/trosarinsko-postupanje/najcesca-pitanja-i-odgovori-3645/alkohol-i-alkoholna-pica-3726/3726"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. Detailed classification, origin, preferences, quotas and other tariff measures determine the duty. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer duty uses product volume and actual alcoholic strength. Still and sparkling wine and other fermented beverages qualifying under that category have zero rates. Intermediate products use product volume with strength bands. Spirits use pure-alcohol volume. Qualifying small independent breweries and small distilleries receive reduced treatment.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Croatia.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://carina.gov.hr/pristup-informacijama/propisi-i-sporazumi/trosarinsko-postupanje/visine-i-nacin-obracuna-trosarina-posebnih-poreza/alkohol-i-alkoholna-pica-3629/3629"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Croatian in Latin script. Multilingual labelling is permitted.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength; wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; an origin claim can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/full/2013_05_56_1136.html"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18 for retail alcohol sales. Age-control duties also apply at automated checkouts under the 2026 trade-law amendment.\nSale-hour and channel limits: The current national and local closing rules, and their application to wholesale and online fulfilment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2026_06_59_729.html","https://mingo.gov.hr/vijesti/hrvatski-sabor-jednoglasno-usvojio-izmjene-zakona-o-zastiti-potrosaca-i-zakona-o-trgovini/10347"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Croatia.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Current duty-paid cross-border consignment procedures; ordinary wholesale trading permissions; food-business registration; wholesale electronic-sale conditions; national and local closing rules and their wholesale or online application: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"si","country":"Slovenia","address":"si.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. The excise law requires authorisation for tax-warehouse operations and defines the registered statuses used for excisable movements.","sources":["https://pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?d-49688-o=1&d-49688-s=1&id=ZAKO7128"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: An excise-warehouse permit covers one or more approved warehouses. Applicants need suitable premises, accounting, tax compliance, security and electronic movement-data exchange. The tax authority checks the premises before authorisation.\nSpecific registered-consignee, duty-paid import and ordinary wholesale permissions, and food-business registration: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en?prefLang=it","https://pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?d-49688-o=1&d-49688-s=1&id=ZAKO7128"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. Detailed classification, origin, preferences, quotas and other tariff measures determine the duty. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Beer duty uses product volume and alcoholic strength. Still wine, sparkling wine and other qualifying fermented beverages have zero rates. Intermediate beverages use product volume. Spirits use pure-alcohol volume.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Slovenia.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/common-customs-tariff-cct/calculation-customs-duties_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://pisrs.si/pregledPredpisa?d-49687-s=2&id=ZAKO7128"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Slovenian for mandatory food information.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare their actual alcoholic strength; wine follows its sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, the declaration uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; an origin claim can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-2011-82311","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2023/1190/oj/eng","https://www.gov.si/teme/oznacevanje-zivil-ter-zdravstvene-in-prehranske-trditve/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Sellers may request official proof of age and must refuse if the requested proof is not provided.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Alcohol sales are prohibited from 21:00 to 07:00, with the hospitality exception tied to authorised opening hours. Vending-machine sales are prohibited. Hospitality premises may not sell spirits before 10:00. The precise application of these retail and hospitality restrictions to wholesale-only transactions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gov.si/novice/2026-02-26-poziv-trgovcem-izpolnjujte-zakonske-obveznosti-brez-prodaje-alkohola-in-tobaka-mlajsim-od-18-let/","https://spot.gov.si/sl/dejavnosti-in-poklici/dejavnosti/priloznostna-priprava-in-dostava-jedi"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The European Commission maintains the legal registration database for protected food, wine and spirit names, alongside a register of protected traditional wine terms. Registration status and product specifications determine the applicable protection.\nVerified examples: Rioja and Champagne are protected designations of origin for wine. These examples are not an exhaustive list.\nAdditional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52026XC03119"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Slovenia.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Specific registered-consignee, duty-paid import and ordinary wholesale permissions; food-business registration; wholesale electronic-sale conditions; wholesale-only application of retail and hospitality restrictions: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"sk","country":"Slovakia","address":"sk.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Customs authorisation governs excise-warehouse activities and the distribution of duty-paid consumer packs of spirits.","sources":["https://www.financnasprava.sk/sk/podnikatelia/dane/spotrebne-dane/spotrebne-dane-alkoholicke-n/registr-evid-zapis-spd-alk"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: Apply to the customs office for the excise status appropriate to the activity. The national framework provides tax-warehouse and registered-consignee procedures. Distribution of duty-paid consumer packs of spirits to other traders requires distribution authorisation, subject to the statutory exceptions; a retail sale permit is a different permission.\nOrdinary beer, wine and cider wholesale permissions, food-business registration and premises requirements: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en","https://www.financnasprava.sk/sk/podnikatelia/dane/spotrebne-dane/spotrebne-dane-alkoholicke-n/registr-evid-zapis-spd-alk"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and quotas determine the duty; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the amount payable.\nExcise: Beer uses hectolitres and actual alcoholic strength, with standard and reduced treatment. Still wine and qualifying still fermented beverages have zero rates. Sparkling wine and sparkling fermented beverages are taxed by volume; sparkling wine not exceeding 8.5% has separate treatment. Intermediate products use volume; spirits use pure-alcohol volume.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Slovakia.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://www.financnasprava.sk/sk/podnikatelia/dane/spotrebne-dane/spotrebne-dane-alkoholicke-n/informovanie-spd-alk"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Slovak for mandatory food particulars.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare actual alcoholic strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, use “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; a stated origin can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Declare the product category, protected designation or geographical indication where applicable, alcoholic strength, provenance, bottler or relevant producer/vendor, net content and sparkling-wine sugar content. Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1169/oj/eng","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://svps.sk/potraviny/oznacovanie-potravin/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18; sale or service to persons under 18 is prohibited.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Municipalities may restrict or prohibit sales and service in food shops and catering establishments at specified times or days. The applicable municipal rules and their application to wholesale-only transactions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://static.slov-lex.sk/static/SK/ZZ/1996/219/20250101.html"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: European Union geographical-indication legislation applies. The European Commission’s legal register records protected food, wine and spirit names; protected traditional wine terms have their own register. Check the registered specification before using a protected name.\nVerified example: Rioja is a protected wine name. This is an example, not an exhaustive list. Additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Slovakia.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Ordinary beer, wine and cider wholesale permissions; food-business registration and premises conditions; relevant municipal restrictions and wholesale-only application: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale electronic-sale conditions; general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"lu","country":"Luxembourg","address":"lu.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Excisable-goods traders declare their activity to customs and obtain the excise-control authorisation applicable to their status.","sources":["https://guichet.public.lu/en/entreprises/commerce/biens-accises/vignette-controle-accises/biens-accises.html"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: Traders dealing in excise goods must declare the activity to the Customs and Excise Agency to obtain an excise-control stamp. Businesses already authorised as warehousekeepers, registered operators or specified wine producers are exempt from this separate declaration. The government guidance is marked as being updated.\nAn on-premises alcohol licence concerns drinking establishments; it is not evidence of wholesale authorisation. Current detailed import, duty-suspended receipt, ordinary business-permit and food-registration requirements: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en","https://guichet.public.lu/en/entreprises/commerce/biens-accises/vignette-controle-accises/biens-accises.html","https://guichet.public.lu/en/entreprises/sectoriel/horeca/cafes/cabaretage.html"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and quotas determine the duty; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the amount payable.\nExcise: Beer is assessed by hectolitres and degrees Plato, with brewery-output bands. Still and sparkling wine and other qualifying fermented beverages have zero rates. Intermediate products use volume and strength bands. Spirits use pure-alcohol volume. A separate surcharge applies to specified prepared alcoholic drinks.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Luxembourg.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://douanes.public.lu/content/dam/douanes/fr/accises/taux-accises-lu-01012026.pdf"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): At least one of French, German or Luxembourgish.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare actual alcoholic strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, use “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; a stated origin can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Declare the product category, protected designation or geographical indication where applicable, alcoholic strength, provenance, bottler or relevant producer/vendor, net content and sparkling-wine sugar content. Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1169/oj/eng","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://securite-alimentaire.public.lu/fr/professionnel/Denrees-alimentaires/Etiquetage.html"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 16 for beverages and mixed drinks above 1.2% alcohol by volume; sale or free supply to younger persons is prohibited in drinking establishments, shops and public places.\nSale-hour and channel limits affecting wholesale, distribution and online fulfilment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://police.public.lu/en/legislation/alcool.html"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: European Union geographical-indication legislation applies. The European Commission’s legal register records protected food, wine and spirit names; protected traditional wine terms have their own register. Check the registered specification before using a protected name.\nVerified example: Rioja is a protected wine name. This is an example, not an exhaustive list. Additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Belgium & Luxembourg.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Current detailed import and duty-suspended receipt procedures; ordinary business permit and food registration; sale-hour and channel restrictions: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale electronic-sale conditions; general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ee","country":"Estonia","address":"ee.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Alcohol wholesale and retail require commercial registration and notification in the register of economic activities; excise and product-registration controls also apply.","sources":["https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/taxes-and-payment/excise-duties/alcohol"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: Businesses must notify the register of economic activities and trade through the notified place of business. Alcohol-handling businesses also notify the Agriculture and Food Board; alcoholic beverages must be entered in the state alcohol register, with supporting analysis and label material. Alcohol production takes place in excise warehouses.\nOnline channel: The tax authority treats sales from an e-commerce store as retail and requires a registered shop or catering establishment. A wholesale-only agent ordering model’s treatment: Not yet sourced.\nCurrent detailed import and duty-suspended consignee permissions: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en","https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/taxes-and-payment/excise-duties/alcohol","https://pta.agri.ee/en/node/493"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and quotas determine the duty; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the amount payable.\nExcise: Beer and other alcohol use volume and alcoholic strength. Wine and fermented beverages use volume, with a band up to and including 6% and another above 6%; intermediate products use volume. Qualifying independent small breweries receive reduced treatment.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Estonia.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/taxes-and-payment/excise-duties/alcohol"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Alcohol packaging may be in another language if accurate Estonian information based on the original is provided at sale.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare actual alcoholic strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, use “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; a stated origin can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Declare the product category, protected designation or geographical indication where applicable, alcoholic strength, provenance, bottler or relevant producer/vendor, net content and sparkling-wine sugar content. Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1169/oj/eng","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://pta.agri.ee/alkohol"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Sellers must check identification where necessary and must not supply or deliver to a minor.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Store retail sales are permitted 10:00–22:00, subject to the statutory international passenger exceptions. Take-away sales and courier delivery to consumers are prohibited 22:00–10:00. Municipalities may impose further on-premises retail hours. Wholesale-only application and the specific local restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ttja.ee/en/business-client/entrepreneurship/consumer-protection-requirements/alcohol"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: European Union geographical-indication legislation applies. The European Commission’s legal register records protected food, wine and spirit names; protected traditional wine terms have their own register. Check the registered specification before using a protected name.\nVerified example: Rioja is a protected wine name. This is an example, not an exhaustive list. Additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Estonia.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Relevant local retail restrictions and wholesale-only application; wholesale-only electronic-order classification; detailed import and consignee permissions: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale electronic-sale conditions; general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"lv","country":"Latvia","address":"lv.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Alcoholic-beverage wholesale requires a special licence from the State Revenue Service; warehouse and registered-consignee activities have separate excise licences.","sources":["https://www.vid.gov.lv/lv/akcizes-precu-atlauju-licencu-izzinu-sertifikatu-sanemsana-0"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: The State Revenue Service issues alcohol wholesale licences and separate licences for excise warehousekeepers and registered consignees. Operators releasing alcoholic beverages other than beer for consumption submit the prescribed release report.\nCurrent import-specific procedures, food-business registration and additional premises conditions: Not yet sourced.\nOnline channel: Consumer distance sales require a licensed website or application, electronic identity/age checks and cashless payment. Those retail conditions do not establish permission for a wholesale-only agent service.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en","https://www.vid.gov.lv/lv/akcizes-precu-atlauju-licencu-izzinu-sertifikatu-sanemsana-0","https://www.vid.gov.lv/en/services/report-release-alcoholic-beverages-free-circulation","https://likumi.lv/ta/id/88009"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and quotas determine the duty; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the amount payable.\nExcise: Wine and fermented beverages use product volume; fermented beverages have strength bands. Intermediate products use volume and strength bands. Spirits use absolute-alcohol volume. Beer uses volume and each percentage point of alcoholic strength, with a minimum duty; qualifying small breweries receive reduced treatment.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Latvia.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://www.vid.gov.lv/en/excise-duty-rates"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): National mandatory label-language requirement: Not yet sourced.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare actual alcoholic strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, use “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; a stated origin can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Declare the product category, protected designation or geographical indication where applicable, alcoholic strength, provenance, bottler or relevant producer/vendor, net content and sparkling-wine sugar content. Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1169/oj/eng","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Retail sale is permitted Monday–Saturday 10:00–20:00 and Sunday 10:00–18:00, subject to statutory exceptions. Consumer online orders cannot be delivered earlier than six hours after ordering; delivery must be within the permitted hours and to an adult. Wholesale-only application of the retail restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://likumi.lv/ta/id/88009"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: European Union geographical-indication legislation applies. The European Commission’s legal register records protected food, wine and spirit names; protected traditional wine terms have their own register. Check the registered specification before using a protected name.\nVerified example: Rioja is a protected wine name. This is an example, not an exhaustive list. Additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Latvia.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Import-specific procedures; food-business registration and premises requirements; national label language; wholesale-only application of retail limits: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale electronic-sale conditions; general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"lt","country":"Lithuania","address":"lt.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. The national alcohol-control authority issues wholesale alcoholic-beverage licences, including a separate category for beer, beer mixtures and qualifying naturally fermented cider.","sources":["https://ntakd.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/licencijavimas/licenciju-ir-leidimu-isdavimas/alkoholiniu-gerimu-didmenines-prekybos-licencijos/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: A wholesale alcohol licence is required. A narrower licence covers beer, beer mixtures with non-alcoholic beverages and naturally fermented cider not exceeding 8.5% alcohol by volume. Food handlers must obtain the relevant approval or registration with the State Food and Veterinary Service.\nCurrent import-specific and duty-suspended warehouse/consignee permissions: Not yet sourced.\nOnline channel: The regulator warns that an unlicensed marketplace publishing alcohol product information can breach the advertising prohibition. An agent marketplace must not assume that a wholesale licence alone resolves its advertising obligations; specific wholesale electronic-order conditions: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en","https://ntakd.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/licencijavimas/licenciju-ir-leidimu-isdavimas/alkoholiniu-gerimu-didmenines-prekybos-licencijos/","https://vmvt.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/maisto-sauga/maisto-produktai/negyvuninis-maistas/alkoholiniai-gerimai/","https://ntakd.lrv.lt/lt/duk-1/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and quotas determine the duty; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the amount payable.\nExcise: Beer is assessed per hectolitre and each percentage point of actual alcoholic strength. Wine and other fermented beverages use volume, with a band up to and including 8.5% and a higher category. Intermediate products use volume with a 15% boundary. Ethyl alcohol uses pure-alcohol volume.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Lithuania.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://mano.muitine.lt/lt/ziniu-bankas/muitu-ir-mokesciu-apskaiciavimas/mokesciu-apskaiciavimas/akcizai"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Lithuanian for mandatory information.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. Each packaged alcoholic-beverage unit intended for sale must carry the prescribed graphic warning about harm to pregnant women. Size, contrast and placement must follow the national rules.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare actual alcoholic strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, use “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; a stated origin can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Declare the product category, protected designation or geographical indication where applicable, alcoholic strength, provenance, bottler or relevant producer/vendor, net content and sparkling-wine sugar content. Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1169/oj/eng","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://vmvt.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/maisto-sauga/maisto-produktai/negyvuninis-maistas/alkoholiniai-gerimai/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 20; both the consumer ordering and the person collecting a distance order must meet that age.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Retail sales and delivery/collection are permitted Monday–Saturday 10:00–20:00 and Sunday 10:00–15:00. Retail sales and delivery/collection are prohibited on 1 September; compliant on-premises service has an exception. Wholesale-only application: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://ntakd.lrv.lt/lt/duk-1/","https://ntakd.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/rugsejo-1-aja-svarbus-priminimas-del-prekybos-alkoholiniais-gerimais-draudimo-VX6/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: European Union geographical-indication legislation applies. The European Commission’s legal register records protected food, wine and spirit names; protected traditional wine terms have their own register. Check the registered specification before using a protected name.\nVerified example: Rioja is a protected wine name. This is an example, not an exhaustive list. Additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Lithuania.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Current import-specific and duty-suspended warehouse/consignee permissions; wholesale-only application of retail restrictions; agent-marketplace advertising treatment: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale electronic-sale conditions; additional general alcohol-health warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"cy","country":"Cyprus","address":"cy.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Sale, offering for sale and holding alcohol for sale require a retailer’s or dealer’s licence for the premises from the competent municipality or district authority.","sources":["https://www.businessincyprus.gov.cy/business-sectors/alcoholic-drinks-trade/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: A dealer’s licence applies to sales other than retail, at the specified premises. Local authorities assess the applicable business and premises conditions. Regular receipt of excise goods from another European Union member under duty suspension requires registered-consignee authorisation from customs; that status permits receipt, not holding or dispatch under suspension. Guarantees, records and receipt reporting apply.\nThird-country import, warehouse and food-business registration details: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en","https://www.businessincyprus.gov.cy/business-sectors/alcoholic-drinks-trade/","https://www.businessincyprus.gov.cy/business-sectors/consignee-of-goods/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and quotas determine the duty; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the amount payable.\nExcise: Beer uses hectolitres and alcoholic strength, with reduced treatment for independent small breweries. Still wine, sparkling wine and qualifying fermented beverages other than beer and wine have zero rates. Intermediate products use product volume; ethyl alcohol uses pure-alcohol volume.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in the government-controlled Republic of Cyprus. Application of European Union law is suspended in areas where the government does not exercise effective control. The sovereign base areas have special treatment under the accession arrangements; detailed alcohol-trade procedures there and across the Green Line: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/customs/customs.nsf/All/A2C3593B5465A799422577D6002FEAC4"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Greek for food product labels.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare actual alcoholic strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, use “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; a stated origin can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Declare the product category, protected designation or geographical indication where applicable, alcoholic strength, provenance, bottler or relevant producer/vendor, net content and sparkling-wine sugar content. Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1169/oj/eng","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/cyprus-labeling-and-marking-requirements"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. The government licensing page expressly states the increase to 18, although an older checklist on the same page still says 17.\nSale-hour, online fulfilment and wholesale-only channel restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.businessincyprus.gov.cy/business-sectors/alcoholic-drinks-trade/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: European Union geographical-indication legislation applies. The European Commission’s legal register records protected food, wine and spirit names; protected traditional wine terms have their own register. Check the registered specification before using a protected name.\nVerified example: Rioja is a protected wine name. This is an example, not an exhaustive list. Additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Cyprus.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Third-country import, warehouse and food-business registration details; sale hours and wholesale-only channel restrictions: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale electronic-sale conditions; general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"mt","country":"Malta","address":"mt.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Trading in alcohol under duty suspension requires the applicable excise-trader registration and authorisation from customs.","sources":["https://customs.gov.mt/bus/all-you-need-to-know-about-excise"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Customs identification: An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required for business customs operations.\nImport, wholesale and distribution: Excise traders with Maltese value added tax registration apply for the appropriate warehousekeeper, registered-consignee, registered-consignor or registered-merchant status. Foreign entities may register locally with a fiscal representative. Approval involves documentation, due diligence and a guarantee.\nAn authorised warehousekeeper may hold goods under suspension in an approved tax warehouse. A registered consignee may receive under suspension but cannot hold, produce, process or dispatch under suspension. Third-country storage under combined customs/excise suspension requires the relevant customs warehouse approval.\nOrdinary duty-paid wholesale permissions, food-business registration and premises requirements: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol wholesale electronic-sale permission and conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en","https://customs.gov.mt/bus/all-you-need-to-know-about-excise"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: The European Union common customs tariff applies to third-country imports. The Integrated Tariff of the European Union (TARIC) supplies the applicable measures. Detailed classification, origin, preferences and quotas determine the duty; a four-digit heading alone does not establish the amount payable.\nExcise: Beer uses hectolitres and actual alcoholic strength, with reduced treatment for qualifying independent small breweries. Grape wine and other fermented beverages are taxed by product volume, rather than being assumed zero-rated. Intermediate products use hectolitres; ethyl alcohol uses the statutory pure-alcohol basis.\nTerritorial treatment: European Union customs and excise rules apply in Malta.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1872","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/online-services/online-services-and-databases-customs/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en","https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/vat/vat-directive/how-does-vat-work/territorial-scope_en","https://legislation.mt/getpdf/69de13833972f61d18f25158"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Maltese, English or Italian under the national food-labelling guidance; current consolidated national implementation of the language rule: Not yet sourced.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent statements apply, including relevant sweetener and aspartame warnings. A general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare actual alcoholic strength; wine follows sector-specific rules.\nAllergens: Relevant allergens require declaration. Without an ingredient list, use “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide, require declaration.\nOrigin: Wine requires provenance. Other beverages require origin where omission misleads; a stated origin can trigger primary-ingredient origin requirements.\nWine particulars: Declare the product category, protected designation or geographical indication where applicable, alcoholic strength, provenance, bottler or relevant producer/vendor, net content and sparkling-wine sugar content. Ingredient and nutrition declarations apply, with transitional treatment for wine produced before 8 December 2023. Electronic disclosure is conditional; allergens and energy remain on the physical label.","sources":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1169/oj/eng","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/media/news/new-rules-wine-labelling-enter-application-2023-12-07_en","https://healthservices.gov.mt/en/environmental/Documents/Publications-Env-Health/7focus201308_labelling_en.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 17. The Code of Police Laws prohibits retail sale of wine, beer and spirits to persons under 17.\nCurrent sale-hour and channel limits affecting wholesale, distribution and online fulfilment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/10/20260417/eng/pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: European Union geographical-indication legislation applies. The European Commission’s legal register records protected food, wine and spirit names; protected traditional wine terms have their own register. Check the registered specification before using a protected name.\nVerified example: Rioja is a protected wine name. This is an example, not an exhaustive list. Additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-registers_en","https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register/details/EUGI00000003061"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Malta.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Ordinary duty-paid wholesale permissions; food-business registration and premises requirements; current consolidated national language implementation; sale-hour and channel limits: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale electronic-sale conditions; general national alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional named spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"uk","country":"United Kingdom","address":"uk.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://uk-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. UK-established alcohol wholesalers may require approval under the Alcohol Wholesaler Registration Scheme. Retail licensing is administered separately in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.","sources":["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/alcohol-wholesaler-registration-scheme-awrs-apply-to-register","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/alcohol-licensing","https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2025-02/NI-Licensing-Review-Report.pdf"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import and wholesale: Use the appropriate customs and excise import arrangements. A UK-established business selling or arranging wholesale sales of alcohol at or after the duty point must check whether Alcohol Wholesaler Registration Scheme (AWRS) approval applies and whether an exclusion is available. New wholesalers apply at least 45 days before trading and cannot start until approved. Trade buyers buying for resale must check supplier approval. Overseas direct suppliers are outside the scheme’s UK establishment scope, but UK import and duty obligations still apply.\nDuty suspension: Use appropriately approved excise premises and operator arrangements. Northern Ireland also has registered and certified consignee routes for relevant European Union movements.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The approval test includes arranging sales; the online channel does not remove it. Specific agent-platform and premises-licensing treatment of a wholesale-only model: Not yet sourced.\nRetail distribution: England and Wales use local licensing authorities; Scotland has its own licensing system; Northern Ireland retains a court-based system. Current food-registration and detailed premises permissions for the proposed wholesale operation: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gov.uk/guidance/alcohol-wholesaler-registration-scheme-awrs-apply-to-register","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-alcohol-wholesaler-registration-scheme-awrs?src=ilaw","https://www.gov.uk/check-alcohol-wholesaler-registration","https://www.gov.uk/hmrc-internal-manuals/alcohol-wholesaler-registration-scheme/awrs20900","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/import-alcohol-into-the-uk","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/alcohol-licensing","https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2025-02/NI-Licensing-Review-Report.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: Use the UK Trade Tariff and the full commodity code, origin and applicable preference. European Union dispatch alone does not establish preferential origin. Specific payable customs duty for a proposed product and origin: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: UK Alcohol Duty is based on litres of pure alcohol, product category and strength bands; it applies above 1.2% alcohol by volume and becomes due on release for consumption. Beer, cider, wine, other fermented products and spirits have category-specific bands. Qualifying small-producer and draught reliefs are conditional.\nTerritorial treatment: England, Scotland and Wales follow the UK import tariff. Northern Ireland has Windsor Framework rules: goods at risk of entering the European Union can attract its tariff, while qualifying not-at-risk movements use the relevant UK or zero-duty treatment. Evidence of final destination and any UK Internal Market Scheme authorisation matter. European Union-to-Northern Ireland excise movements use the applicable duty-suspension or duty-paid consignee arrangements.","sources":["https://www.gov.uk/trade-tariff","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/alcohol-duty-rates","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/work-out-how-much-alcohol-duty-you-need-to-pay","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-can-declare-goods-you-bring-into-northern-ireland-not-at-risk-of-moving-to-the-eu","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/import-alcohol-into-the-uk"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory information in English in England, Scotland and Wales. Current separately sourced Northern Ireland language provisions: Not yet sourced.\nMandatory warnings: Alcohol-unit and health warnings are not compulsory on wine under the Food Standards Agency guidance. Product-dependent mandatory warnings for other alcoholic drinks: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength and allergens: Wine must show actual alcoholic strength. Wine containing sulphur dioxide above 10 milligrams per litre requires allergen disclosure; detectable milk/egg fining residues also require the prescribed declaration. General beer, cider and spirit particulars: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin and wine particulars: Declare the wine category and provenance and comply with the applicable wine scheme. Wine imported directly into England must identify a responsible business based in the UK, Channel Islands or Isle of Man. Direct imports into Scotland or Wales must show the importer’s address prefixed by “importer” or “imported by”. Wine compliant on import into England can move to Scotland and Wales without relabelling, and the reverse movement is also permitted.\nNorthern Ireland: European Union wine marketing rules apply. Direct third-country wine imports require the prescribed wine analysis/certification document; imports into England, Scotland and Wales do not. The Northern Ireland retail movement scheme has a separate responsible-business address route; it must not be assumed to cover every wholesale shipment. Current Northern Ireland ingredient/nutrition and physical-label requirements under the applicable wine rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.anglesey.gov.wales/en/business/trading-standards/trading-standards-guidance/food-leaflets/311186","https://www.food.gov.uk/print/pdf/node/149","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/importing-selling-and-labelling-wine","https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2024-01-11/HL1510/","https://www.foodstandards.gov.scot/sites/default/files/2026-05/FSS%20-%20Guidance%20on%20Grey%20Market%20Goods%20for%20Local%20Authorities%202026%20-%20May%202026.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18.\nSale-hour and channel limits: England and Wales operate through the licensed premises’ permitted hours. Scotland generally restricts retail off-sales to 10:00–22:00; Northern Ireland has its own statutory licensing hours and court permissions. Current detailed Northern Ireland hours and wholesale-only application of retail hours: Not yet sourced.\nScotland and Wales: Minimum unit pricing applies to retail sales. Their published guidance excludes trade-to-trade wholesale sales. Retail-facing parts of a mixed business must apply the relevant retail rules.","sources":["https://www.gov.uk/alcohol-young-people-law","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/alcohol-licensing","https://www.gov.scot/publications/foi-202200313298/","https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2025-02/NI-Licensing-Review-Report.pdf","https://www.mygov.scot/minimum-unit-price-alcohol","https://www.gov.wales/minimum-unit-pricing-alcohol-detailed-guidance-html"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The UK geographical-indication scheme protects registered names in England, Scotland and Wales; the European Union scheme applies in Northern Ireland. Check the appropriate register and product specification.\nVerified examples: Scotch Whisky and Single Malt Welsh Whisky/Wisgi Cymreig Brag Sengl are registered UK spirit geographical indications. These examples are not exhaustive. Additional named wine, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gov.uk/protected-food-drink-names","https://www.gov.uk/guidance/protect-a-geographical-spirit-drink-name-in-the-uk","https://www.gov.uk/protected-food-drink-names/scotch-whisky"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 UK.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Agent-platform and wholesale-only premises-licensing treatment; food-registration and detailed premises permissions; exact customs duty for a specified product/origin; detailed Northern Ireland retail hours and wholesale-only hour treatment: Not yet sourced.\nSeparately verified Northern Ireland label-language provisions; general beer, cider and spirits label particulars and product-dependent warnings; current Northern Ireland wine ingredient/nutrition particulars; additional named wine, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ch","country":"Switzerland","address":"ch.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private beverage trade is subject to Swiss food law, wine-trade controls and applicable cantonal alcohol permissions. Wine imports have their own permit threshold; spirits imports do not require a federal import authorisation. Switzerland is outside the European Union.","sources":["https://www.blw.admin.ch/en/importing-wine-and-grapes-for-pressing","https://www.bazg.admin.ch/en/spirits-import-switzerland","https://www.bazg.admin.ch/en/retail-alcohol-special-trade-licence"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import, wholesale and distribution: Commercial wine importers register with the Swiss Wine Trade Inspection and obtain a general import permit for imports over 20 kilograms gross. Spirits do not require an import authorisation, but customs declaration and applicable taxes remain due.\nCantonal spirits retail licences cover shops, hospitality and online retail. The precise wholesale-only licensing boundary and additional cantonal permissions, beer/cider permissions and food-business notification requirements: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific wholesale electronic-sale conditions: Not yet sourced. The Swiss food authority’s online guidance requires applicable food information before the consumer completes an order; it does not establish a separate wholesale exemption.","sources":["https://www.blw.admin.ch/en/importing-wine-and-grapes-for-pressing","https://www.bazg.admin.ch/en/spirits-import-switzerland","https://www.bazg.admin.ch/en/retail-alcohol-special-trade-licence","https://www.blv.admin.ch/dam/blv/de/dokumente/import-export/rechts-und-vollzugsgrundlagen/infoblatt-onlinehandel-lebensmittel.pdf.download.pdf/Informationsblatt%20f%C3%BCr%20den%20Onlinehandel%20mit%20Lebensmitteln.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: Apply the Swiss customs tariff in Tares, using the full eight-digit code, origin, date and relevant statistical key. Preference and quota eligibility must be checked; European Union tariff treatment is not the Swiss tariff. Commercial wine imports have tariff-quota arrangements.\nExcise: Imported beer is subject to Swiss beer tax on release into free circulation, using hectolitres and degrees Plato, with three gravity categories and relief for qualifying small independent breweries. Spirits are subject to spirits tax based on alcohol content. Natural grape wine up to 18% is outside the spirits-tax regime. Precise cider, fortified-wine and mixed-product tax classification: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: This row uses the Swiss customs and tax framework. Detailed customs-territory exceptions and Liechtenstein-related treatment for the proposed shipment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.bazg.admin.ch/en/tares-application","https://www.blw.admin.ch/en/importing-wine-and-grapes-for-pressing","https://www.bazg.admin.ch/en/beer-tax-information-and-rates","https://www.bazg.admin.ch/en/taxation-alcoholic-beverages-switzerland"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory food information normally appears in at least one federal official language: German, French or Italian. Wine guidance requires an official Swiss language.\nMandatory warnings: A general Swiss alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Drinks above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare strength as % vol.; the alcohol statement and product designation share the prescribed field of vision.\nAllergens: Declare applicable allergens. Wine above 10 milligrams of sulphur dioxide per litre requires the sulphite statement. Detectable milk or egg residues from wine processing require disclosure under the Swiss rules.\nOrigin and wine particulars: State the production country and lawful wine designation/class and origin. The label identifies the responsible producer, bottler, importer or seller and address; net quantity, lot identification and sparkling-wine sugar category also apply. Foreign protected designations must satisfy the applicable designation rules. Current Swiss wine ingredient/nutrition requirements and transition dates: Not yet sourced; the European Union’s commencement date is not assumed to apply in Switzerland.","sources":["https://www.blv.admin.ch/de/lebensmitteletikette","https://www.cscv-swk.ch/docs/d35a7c60ea575c794462288b9838af19_8.-D-Weinkennzeichnung-12.24.pdf","https://www.blv.admin.ch/dam/blv/de/dokumente/import-export/rechts-und-vollzugsgrundlagen/infoblatt-onlinehandel-lebensmittel.pdf.download.pdf/Informationsblatt%20f%C3%BCr%20den%20Onlinehandel%20mit%20Lebensmitteln.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: Federal minimum 16 for beer, wine and cider; 18 for spirits and mixed drinks containing spirits. Cantons can impose stricter rules; Ticino applies 18 for all alcoholic beverages.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Cantonal retail permissions and spirits trade restrictions apply, including online retail. The relevant canton’s closing/delivery hours and the wholesale-only application of retail restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.bazg.admin.ch/en/spirits-trade-restrictions","https://www.bazg.admin.ch/en/retail-alcohol-special-trade-licence"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Swiss legislation protects indications of source. Agricultural designations of origin and geographical indications are registered federally; wine origin names also depend on federal and cantonal wine law. Recognition of a foreign name must be checked under the Swiss framework and applicable agreements.\nVerified example: Abricotine/Eau-de-vie d’abricot du Valais is a registered protected designation of origin for a spirit. This is not an exhaustive list. Additional named wine, beer and cider protections and foreign treaty coverage: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ige.ch/en/protecting-your-ip/indications-of-source/protecting-geographical-indications/protection-in-switzerland","https://www.blw.admin.ch/de/aop-igp-ursprungsbezeichnungen-und-geografische-angaben"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Switzerland.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Wholesale-only and additional cantonal licensing; beer/cider trading permissions; food-business notification; wholesale electronic-sale conditions; cider, fortified-wine and mixed-product tax classification; customs-territory exceptions and Liechtenstein treatment: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; current Swiss wine ingredient/nutrition rules and transition dates; local closing/delivery hours and wholesale-only application; additional named wine, beer and cider protections and foreign treaty coverage: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"no","country":"Norway","address":"no.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"State monopoly. The state retail monopoly controls the principal off-premises retail channel above 4.7% alcohol by volume, subject to statutory exceptions. It is not a wholesale monopoly: registered private importers and wholesalers can supply authorised trade recipients. Norway is outside the European Union and has its own customs and alcohol-tax system.","sources":["https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rundskriv/alkoholloven/kapittel-1-alminnelige-bestemmelser/-1-4a.bevillingsplikt","https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rundskriv/alkoholloven/kapittel-1-alminnelige-bestemmelser/-1-4c.registreringsplikt-engrossalg-av-alkoholholdig-drikke"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import, wholesale and distribution: Commercial import for resale requires registration with the Norwegian Tax Administration for the relevant alcohol groups. Producers require the relevant production licence; limited own-establishment import rights may accompany an extended retail or serving licence. Registration obligations apply when the goods physically enter Norway, including entry into a customs warehouse.\nWholesale: Importers and producers register for alcohol excise. Duty-paid-only wholesalers also register, supplying storage and beverage information and a police certificate. Wholesale supply is restricted to legally eligible licensed or registered recipients; recipient rights must cover the beverage. A business buying for its own parties or gifts is treated as a consumer, not automatically as a wholesale customer.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific wholesale electronic-sale and advertising conditions: Not yet sourced. Ordering through an agent does not establish the required registration or the recipient’s eligibility.","sources":["https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/lov-og-forskrift/alkoholloven/innforsel-av-alkohol-fra-utlandet","https://www.skatteetaten.no/en/business-and-organisation/vat-and-duties/excise-duties/about-the-excise-duties/alcoholic-beverage-tax/","https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rundskriv/alkoholloven/kapittel-1-alminnelige-bestemmelser/-1-4c.registreringsplikt-engrossalg-av-alkoholholdig-drikke","https://info.altinn.no/en/forms-overview/tax-administration/registration-of-enterprise-involved-in-production-import-and-or-wholesale-of-alcoholic-beverages/","https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rundskriv/alkoholloven/kapittel-1-alminnelige-bestemmelser/-1-4.definisjon-av-salg-skjenking-og-engrossalg"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer made from malt: 2203. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must: 2204. Other fermented beverages, including cider and qualifying mixtures: 2206. Spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages: 2208.\nImport duty: Determine any Norwegian customs duty from the full Norwegian tariff classification, origin and applicable preference. A European Union shipment is still an import into Norway. Specific payable duty for a proposed beer, wine, cider or spirit and origin: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: Norwegian alcohol tax applies above 0.7% alcohol by volume. Spirits-based drinks use a separate alcohol-strength-and-volume calculation. Other beverages have volume bands up to 4.7% and strength-and-volume treatment above 4.7% up to 22%. Qualifying small breweries have reduced treatment for specified fermented drinks. Beverage packaging is separately taxable.\nTerritorial treatment: This row covers the mainland trade regime. Svalbard has separate customs treatment: Norwegian Customs states that customs/import duties are not imposed on goods imported there. Detailed Svalbard alcohol trading, quotas and local tax treatment, and Jan Mayen treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.toll.no/en/corporate/import/calculating-customs-duty-and-taxes/","https://www.skatteetaten.no/en/business-and-organisation/vat-and-duties/excise-duties/about-the-excise-duties/alcoholic-beverage-tax/","https://www.toll.no/en/corporate/import/norwegian-customs-in-svalbard"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory information must be in Norwegian or a language similar to Norwegian in spelling; multilingual labels may be used with matching information. These are Norwegian food-information requirements.\nMandatory warnings: A general Norwegian alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Declare actual strength above 1.2% alcohol by volume using % vol. Product designation, net quantity and alcohol strength share the required field of vision.\nAllergens: Declare the prescribed allergens, emphasised in any ingredient list. Without an ingredient list, use the required “contains” declaration. Precise wine sulphite and fining-residue thresholds under current Norwegian provisions: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin: Give origin when required and do not mislead through the overall presentation.\nWine particulars: The Norwegian Wine Regulations govern the sector. Current wine designation, provenance, responsible-operator, ingredient/nutrition and electronic-label details, including any incorporation and transition dates: Not yet sourced. European Union wine changes are not assumed to apply automatically in Norway.","sources":["https://mattilsynet.no/mat-og-drikke/merking-av-mat/krav-til-merking-av-ferdigpakket-mat","https://www.mattilsynet.no/mat-og-drikke/matproduksjon/fisk-og-sjomat/veileder-om-produksjon-og-omsetting-av-tang-og-tare-som-mat/obligatoriske-merkekrav","https://www.mattilsynet.no/mat-og-drikke/merking-av-mat/slik-skal-allergenene-merkes","https://www.mattilsynet.no/mat-og-drikke/merking-av-mat/merking-av-ikke-ferdigpakket-mat","https://mattilsynet.no/mat-og-drikke/merking-av-mat/opprinnelsesmerking?noJS=true","https://lovdata.no/dokument/LTI/forskrift/2013-03-21-370/KAPITTEL_1-4-4-2-5"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18 below 22% alcohol by volume; 20 at 22% or above. The age rule also covers supply and delivery.\nSale-hour and channel limits: For ordinary licensed retail of drinks up to 4.7%, the default is 08:00–18:00, ending at 15:00 before Sundays/public holidays, with the statutory exception for the day before Ascension Day. Municipalities can vary hours within national ceilings: 20:00 on ordinary weekdays and 18:00 before Sundays/public holidays. Sales/delivery are prohibited on Sundays, public holidays and 1 and 17 May.\nThe monopoly retail channel has separate hours; current detailed hours and statutory producer direct-sale exceptions: Not yet sourced. The above retail hours are not treated as verified wholesale delivery limits; wholesale-only hour restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rundskriv/alkoholloven/kapittel-1-alminnelige-bestemmelser/-1-5.aldersgrenser","https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rundskriv/alkoholloven/kapittel-3-salg-av-alkoholholdig-drikker/-3-7.tidsinnskrenkninger-for-salg-og-utlevering-av-alkoholholdig-drikk-med-hoyst-4-7-volumprosent-alkohol"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Norway protects wine and spirit geographical names through its national wine and spirits regulations and the incorporated recognition provisions. The applicable Norwegian instrument and product specification determine the right to use a name.\nVerified examples: Norsk akevitt and Norsk vodka are protected Norwegian spirit names. These examples are not exhaustive. Additional named wine, beer and cider protections and current foreign-name coverage: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.regjeringen.no/no/sub/eos-notatbasen/notatene/2022/nov/forslag-om-felles-regler-for-beskyttede-betegnelser-for-vin-alkoholsterke-drikker-og-landbruksprodukter/id2950945/"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Norway.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Wholesale electronic-sale/advertising conditions; exact customs duty for specified products/origins; Svalbard alcohol permissions, quotas and local taxes; Jan Mayen treatment; monopoly retail hours, detailed producer direct-sale exceptions and wholesale-only hours: Not yet sourced.\nGeneral alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; current Norwegian wine allergen thresholds, mandatory particulars, ingredient/nutrition and electronic-label provisions and transitions; additional named wine, beer and cider protections and current foreign-name coverage: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ge","country":"Georgia","address":"ge.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Open — private beverage-alcohol trade operates under food-business registration, product conformity and tax controls. Wine and wine-origin beverages have additional certification requirements. The verified framework permits commercial imports subject to these conditions. The complete category-by-category alcohol licensing position beyond the requirements below: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1659434","https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/28102"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import, wholesale and distribution: Register the relevant food-business activity in the registry of economic activities. Activity without registration is prohibited. For products within the Law on Vine and Wine, imports must be ready for direct consumption, in consumer packaging and not require further processing. Sellers of bottled wine and beverages of wine origin on the domestic market must hold conformity certificates. Apply the customs and excise requirements separately.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific alcohol-platform, brokerage, electronic contracting and wholesale delivery permissions: Not yet sourced. General food-business registration is not evidence that every proposed online trading model is authorised. Separate beer, cider and non-wine spirit import or wholesale licence conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1659434","https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/28102"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Classification: Heading 2203 covers malt beer, 2204 grape wine, 2206 cider and other fermented beverages, and 2208 spirits. Georgian import duty and excise are separate national charges. Article 197 provides specific import duties for wine and other fermented drinks by volume, and for listed spirits using an alcohol-related basis. The exact beer import-duty treatment and origin-specific preferential rates: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: Beer uses litres multiplied by alcoholic strength. Other fermented drinks have strength-based categories, while high-strength ethanol beverages use litres of pure alcohol and differentiated product groups. Wine must be tested against the statutory definition rather than treated as an interchangeable fermented drink. Exact wine exemptions and shipment-specific payable amounts: Not yet sourced. Taxable imports also attract value added tax. Excise marking applies to covered alcoholic beverages, subject to statutory exceptions.\nTerritorial treatment: Special customs treatment for occupied territories, free industrial zones and bonded movements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1043717","https://voice.rs.ge/Default.aspx?id=4293"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"For beverages governed by the Law on Vine and Wine, the mandatory particulars include the product name, nominal volume, actual alcohol content, country of production, producer and relevant distributor or importer details. Protected-origin or geographical-indication products require the corresponding designation and protected-status wording. Required textual particulars must be in Georgian, or Georgian alongside another language. Brandy has age or ageing-category particulars.\nThe general food-safety framework also applies. The detailed allergen declarations, mandatory health-warning wording, beer and cider label rules, and the full current wine-label checklist beyond the particulars above: Not yet sourced. Future provisions shown in the legislation must not be treated as already effective.","sources":["https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/28102","https://www.matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1659434"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Sale to people under 18 is prohibited. Trade and catering premises must display information prohibiting alcohol sales to minors. Nationwide wholesale hours, retail-hour variations, alcohol delivery hours, vending restrictions and local channel conditions: Not yet sourced. The minor-sale prohibition remains distinct from whether a recipient business is authorised to trade.","sources":["https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/28216?publication=512","https://www.matsne.gov.ge/en/document/download/4613854/5/en/pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"The National Intellectual Property Center maintains the Georgian register of appellations of origin. Wine examples include Khvanchkara, Mukuzani, Tsinandali, Kindzmarauli and Kakheti. These are protected geographical names, not generic descriptions of any wine made from the same grape. The complete foreign-name protection and agreement-by-agreement recognition position: Not yet sourced. Examples are not exhaustive.","sources":["https://www.sakpatenti.gov.ge/en/state_registry/"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"GS1 Georgia is the national GS1 member organisation for obtaining Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and the associated GS1 identification capacity.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/","https://www.gs1ge.org/en/aboutus"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Not yet sourced: Complete beer, cider and non-wine-spirit import/wholesale licensing; B2B online platform and delivery permissions; beer import duty and origin-specific preferences; exact wine excise treatment and shipment-specific charges; occupied-territory, free-zone and bonded rules; allergens, health warnings and remaining product-specific labels; national/local trading hours and channel limits; complete foreign protected-name recognition.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"am","country":"Armenia","address":"am.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed — private trade is subject to national permissions and product-specific import notifications. Vodka import and specified grape-distillate imports are notified activities administered by the Ministry of Economy. Armenia applies the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) customs framework together with Armenian excise and food requirements. A single unrestricted alcohol import permission must not be assumed.","sources":["https://www.mineconomy.am/en/page/1253","https://www.arlis.am/en/acts/231853"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: The Ministry of Economy identifies vodka under heading 2208 and grape-wine or grape-marc distillates under 220820 as subject to notification, with separate treatment for the specified volume bands. The precise application documents and treatment of every finished spirit, wine, beer and cider category: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale and distribution: The national administrative code penalises alcohol sales without the relevant permission. Food-safety, storage, traceability and excise-stamp rules also apply to the supply chain. The municipal permit procedure, wholesale-specific scope and the distinction between trade permissions and import notifications: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Alcohol-specific online brokerage, ordering, fulfilment and cross-border platform permissions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.mineconomy.am/en/page/1253","https://mineconomy.am/page/299","https://www.arlis.am/en/acts/216352/print/act_changes","https://www.arlis.am/hy/acts/209099"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Classification: Use 2203 for malt beer, 2204 for grape wine, 2206 for cider and other fermented beverages, and 2208 for spirits, then determine the full national tariff line. Imports from outside the EAEU use its Common Customs Tariff, subject to any applicable accession provisions. The State Revenue Committee import platform provides tariff, permit and payment information by product code.\nExcise: Armenian tax applies to beer, wine and other alcoholic beverages, including qualifying imports of EAEU goods. The Tax Code distinguishes volume-based charges from pure-alcohol charges and particular beverage classes. Union membership therefore does not remove Armenian excise. Covered packaged alcohol requires excise stamps, subject to the container and product exemptions in Article 389. Value added tax and customs-operation charges are separate.\nTerritorial treatment: The national import framework applies to Armenia. Exact tariff subheadings, origin preferences, intra-union documentation, duty-suspension procedures and special-zone treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.arlis.am/en/acts/231853","https://exim.src.am/en/about","https://www.arlis.am/en/acts/205620","https://english.hartak.am/life-events/tax-payments/"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Armenian-language labelling is mandatory under the Food Safety Law. Its general particulars include the name, composition where required, additives, allergens remaining in the finished product, net quantity, production date, applicable shelf life and storage instructions, manufacturer/importer or representative details, country of origin and batch identification. Product-specific exemptions must be checked separately.\nThe current beverage-specific alcohol-strength presentation, compulsory health warnings, wine particulars, Russian-language requirements, conformity marking and the implementation timetable for EAEU Technical Regulation 047/2018: Not yet sourced. Do not substitute European Union wine or food-label rules for the Armenian and applicable EAEU requirements.","sources":["https://www.arlis.am/hy/acts/209099"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Minimum sale age is 18. Alcohol cannot be sold in trade outlets within educational, children’s and medical-preventive establishments. Sale through automatic self-service machines is prohibited. National or municipal sale hours, permitted delivery arrangements and exceptions relevant to wholesale movements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.arlis.am/hy/acts/230006/latest"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Armenia’s Geographical Indications Law provides protection for wine designations of origin and geographical indications, and geographical indications for spirits. The wine rules distinguish origin-linked quality from reputation-based geographical indications and set grape-origin and production-area conditions. The Intellectual Property Office publishes registration categories and a list of protected geographical indications under Appendix X. Verified individual beverage-name examples and the applicable foreign-name transitional provisions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://aipo.am/en/pages/show/GI","https://aipo.am/en/pages/show/geographical-indications"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"GS1 Armenia is the national GS1 member organisation for obtaining Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and the associated GS1 identification capacity.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Not yet sourced: Full category-specific import notifications and permissions; wholesale and municipal permit scope/procedure; B2B online sale and delivery; exact tariff lines/preferences, intra-union documentation and special zones; beverage-specific strength, warnings, wine particulars, Russian-language and conformity-marking rules; implementation of EAEU Technical Regulation 047/2018; sale hours; individual protected beverage names and foreign-name transitional provisions.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"md","country":"Moldova","address":"md.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed — the Public Services Agency issues licences for importing and storing ethyl alcohol and for importing, storing and wholesaling imported alcoholic beverages and beer. This is a regulated private import and wholesale market. The licence must cover the actual activity and product category.","sources":["https://www.asp.gov.md/ro/servicii/persoane-juridice/licentiere/1212"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import, wholesale and distribution: Obtain the relevant Public Services Agency licence. The published service distinguishes ethyl alcohol, imported alcoholic beverages and imported beer. Applicants must demonstrate rights to the relevant specialist storage premises and provide the required assortment forecast. The official service lists specialist warehouse requirements, including a separate beer-storage category. Covered imports must carry excise stamps. A licence is not transferable to another operator. Product-conformity and food-safety controls also apply.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The specific legal treatment of online wholesale contracting, marketplace intermediation and fulfilment: Not yet sourced. Do not confuse the ability to apply for a licence online with authorisation to conduct every alcohol transaction online. Domestic-production wholesale permissions and all distribution-premises approvals beyond the published import service: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.asp.gov.md/ro/servicii/persoane-juridice/licentiere/1212","https://evo.gov.md/acasa/catalog/ogranizatii/dasdsaaddsa","https://www.old.ansa.gov.md/ro/comunicate/informa%C8%9Bie-referitor-la-unele-prevederi-de-etichetare-produselor-vitivinicole-%C8%99i"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Classification: Heading 2203 covers malt beer, 2204 grape wine, 2206 cider and other fermented beverages, and 2208 spirits. Use Moldova’s integrated customs tariff for the full commodity code, origin and entry date. The country has its own import and excise regime. European Union tariff treatment does not apply automatically.\nExcise: Customs publishes the 2026 excise classifications and rates. Beer is assessed by litres. Wine, other fermented drinks and spirits must be assigned their specific national excise line, rather than inferred from beer or from another market. Tax law provides excise marking for covered packaged alcohol and payment procedures at import. Exact current wine/cider/spirit charge bases, exemptions, preferential import duties and value added tax treatment: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: Special procedures for operators or goods from the left bank of the Dniester and other exceptional customs arrangements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://trade.gov.md/","https://customs.gov.md/api/media/31/12/2025/anexa_1_2026.pdf","https://www.legis.md/cautare/downloadpdf/117030"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Mandatory food information must be in Romanian; another language may appear in addition. Alcohol labels require product/category identification, alcohol strength, nominal volume and origin, together with the applicable producer/importer, bottling-date, batch and protected-name particulars. Allergens must be declared under the national food-information rules. The alcohol law requires health information concerning pregnancy, minors, driving and dependence, using the prescribed wording and permitted pictograms. Exact artwork, placement and size specifications: Not yet sourced.\nWine labels have additional protected-designation and sugar-category particulars. The food-safety authority states that alcoholic products up to 10% alcohol require a validity date. Category-specific exceptions and the complete current wine ingredient/nutrition requirements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://ansa.gov.md/media/comunicate-de-presa/ansa-reaminteste-produsele-alimentare-trebuie-sa-fie-etichetate-limba","https://ansa.gov.md/media/comunicate-de-presa/ansa-producatorii-sunt-obligati-sa-indice-pe-eticheta-substantele-care","https://www.old.ansa.gov.md/ro/comunicate/informa%C8%9Bie-referitor-la-unele-prevederi-de-etichetare-produselor-vitivinicole-%C8%99i","https://www.legis.md/cautare/downloadpdf/141655"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Minimum purchase age is 18. Sellers and delivery personnel must verify age through an official photographic document and refuse sale or handover if the buyer refuses to present it. Grocery and other retail outlets cannot sell alcohol between 22:00 and 08:00, with the statutory international-border-point shop exception. These retail conditions are not a sourced blanket prohibition on wholesale warehouse movements. Detailed wholesale hours, delivery-channel restrictions and local exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.legis.md/cautare/downloadpdf/141655"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"The State Agency on Intellectual Property registers and administers protected geographical names. Wine examples include Codru, Ștefan Vodă and Valul lui Traian; Divin identifies a protected aged wine-distillate geographical indication. Moldova also protects names through its agreement with the European Union. Recognition must be checked against the applicable register and product specification. The complete foreign-name list and any name-specific transitional exceptions: Not yet sourced. Examples are not exhaustive.","sources":["https://db.agepi.md/GeogrIndications/ListeDOIG.aspx","https://agepi.gov.md/ro/node/4650","https://agepi.gov.md/ro/news/avut-loc-cea-de-ix-reuniune-subcomitetului-ue-rm-pentru-indica%C8%9Bii-geografice"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"GS1 Moldova is the national GS1 member organisation for obtaining Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and the associated GS1 identification capacity.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Not yet sourced: B2B online marketplace and fulfilment permissions; complete domestic wholesale/distribution approvals; full wine/cider/spirit excise treatment, import preferences and value added tax; left-bank and other exceptional territorial procedures; warning artwork and detailed wine ingredient/nutrition exceptions; wholesale hours and local delivery restrictions; complete foreign protected-name list and transitions.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ua","country":"Ukraine","address":"ua.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed — wholesale trade in alcoholic beverages requires the appropriate licence under Law 3817-IX, subject to its producer exceptions. A separate cider-and-perry licence covers only those drinks without added alcohol. Private import and distribution are permitted within the licensed framework. Detailed wartime territorial restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3817-IX","https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3817-20/ed20251001"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: For resale imports other than cider and perry without added alcohol, the tax authority identifies a wholesale or retail alcohol licence, or the relevant production licence for producers/bottlers. Special provisions apply to food manufacturers using alcohol.\nWholesale and distribution: Hold the wholesale licence covering the product. A cider-and-perry-only licence does not authorise other alcohol. Keep customs declarations for imports and primary transaction documents for acquired stock. The complete warehouse-register procedure and producer exceptions: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific wholesale-platform and brokerage conditions: Not yet sourced. Official guidance permits regulated consumer internet sales with licensing and age checks and requires relevant website addresses to be entered in the tax authority’s register. That consumer route does not establish wholesale entitlement. Detailed current electronic age-verification provisions and their commencement dates: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://if.tax.gov.ua/media-ark/news-ark/950115.html","https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3817-20/ed20251001","https://tr.tax.gov.ua/media-ark/news-ark/1030321.html"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Classification: Heading 2203 covers malt beer, 2204 grape wine, 2206 cider and other fermented beverages, and 2208 spirits. Ukrainian customs declarations and food-control documentation apply to imports. Exact import duties by full tariff line, origin preference and import value added tax treatment: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: The Tax Code separately identifies beer, still wine meeting fermentation and strength conditions, sparkling wine, intermediate products, cider/perry without added alcohol, and spirits. Beer and spirits use litres of pure alcohol. The listed qualifying wine and cider categories use litres of product. Tax classification depends on strength, carbonation and whether alcohol was added. Excise marking is a separate compliance obligation. The government has announced that mandatory electronic excise-system launch is postponed to 1 July 2027. Exact marking exemptions and transition steps for each package: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: Occupied-territory movements, sanctions, closed border routes and wartime customs exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://customs.gov.ua/documents/pro-zatverdzhennia-pereliku-dokumentiv-ta-abo-vidomostei-iaki-neobkhidno-podati-derzhavnii-sluzhbi-ukrayini-z-pitan-bezpeki-kharchovikh-produktiv-ta-zakhistu-spozhivachiv-dlia-zdiisnennia-vidpovidnogo-zakhodu-561","https://tax.gov.ua/nk/rozdil-vi--aktsizniy-podatok-/","https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/mintsyfry-prezydent-pidtrymav-perenesennia-zapusku-eaktsyzu"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Mandatory food information must be in Ukrainian. Alcohol labels identify the beverage and alcohol strength, with the applicable sugar-content particulars under national alcohol legislation. Food allergens, including relevant gluten cereals and sulphites above the statutory threshold, must be disclosed and emphasised in the ingredient list; where no list is supplied, the required contains statement applies.\nThe new national Law on Grapes, Wine and Viticulture Products took effect on 1 January 2026 and updates wine classification, origin protection and labelling. The complete current wine particulars, ingredient/nutrition exceptions, origin presentation, operator and lot requirements, and mandatory health-warning wording: Not yet sourced. European Union rules must not be substituted for the Ukrainian implementing provisions.","sources":["https://data.rada.gov.ua/ogd/zak/perv/text/d481085.htm","https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2704-19","https://zir.tax.gov.ua/main/bz/view/?id=42948&src=ques","https://dpss.gov.ua/news/bezpechnist-kharchovykh-produktiv-kharchovi-alerheny-chytaite-markuvannia-uvazhno","https://dndpss.gov.ua/new-191225-5/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Sale of beer other than non-alcoholic beer, alcohol and low-alcohol beverages to people under 18 is prohibited. Sellers and delivery personnel must request an age document when in doubt. The documented internet-sale route remains subject to those restrictions. Municipal sale-hour restrictions, military-administration bans, curfews, local delivery limits and their precise effect on wholesale movements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://zak.tax.gov.ua/media-ark/news-ark/829416.html","https://tr.tax.gov.ua/media-ark/news-ark/1030321.html"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"The national geographical-indication register includes Ukrainian wines such as Pry Dunaiska Bessarabia (Придунайська Бессарабія), Yalpuh (Ялпуг) and Zakarpattia/Zakarpatske Vyno (Закарпаття/Закарпатське вино). It also lists protected foreign wine names, including Valpolicella and Amarone della Valpolicella. Use is tied to the registered geographical designation and product. The complete treaty list and name-specific transition or enforcement conditions: Not yet sourced. Examples are not exhaustive.","sources":["https://nipo.gov.ua/reiestr-heohrafichnykh-zaznachen/"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"GS1 Ukraine is the national GS1 member organisation for obtaining Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and the associated GS1 identification capacity.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Not yet sourced: Wholesale online/brokerage conditions; complete warehouse register and producer exceptions; current electronic age-verification implementation; exact import duties/preferences and value added tax; excise-mark exemptions and transition detail; occupied-territory, sanctions and wartime movement rules; complete current wine/other alcohol label particulars and warnings; local/military sale hours and channels; complete protected-name transitions.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"rs","country":"Serbia","address":"rs.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Open — private beverage-alcohol trade is subject to food-premises, import-quality, customs and excise controls. Importers of alcohol are recorded by Customs under the excise framework. Wine has separate import certification and presentation requirements. A complete finding on additional alcohol-specific wholesale licences for every category: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/eli/rep/sgrs/skupstina/zakon/2015/55","https://www.minpolj.gov.rs/download/Zakoni/vino1.pdf","https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/SlGlasnikPortal/reg/viewAct/fe85fac6-b7d7-4262-a22f-a567571068bc"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import, wholesale and distribution: The Central Register of Facilities covers establishments involved in food production, processing and circulation. Customs keeps records of alcoholic-beverage importers. Imported wine must satisfy Serbian quality and labelling requirements and be accompanied by certificates from an authorised organisation in the exporting country. Wine imported in bulk for direct human consumption must be placed on the market in original packaging under the Wine Law. Wine producers have a separate winery-register obligation.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The specific wholesale alcohol licence position, electronic-platform permissions, brokerage status and fulfilment rules: Not yet sourced. National distance-selling food-information rules exist, but they do not by themselves establish all alcohol trading permissions.","sources":["https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/SlGlasnikPortal/reg/viewAct/fe85fac6-b7d7-4262-a22f-a567571068bc","https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/eli/rep/sgrs/skupstina/zakon/2015/55","https://www.minpolj.gov.rs/download/Zakoni/vino1.pdf","https://minpolj.gov.rs/vinogradarski-i-vinarski-registar/","https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/eli/rep/sgrs/ministarstva/pravilnik/2026/48"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Classification: Heading 2203 covers malt beer, 2204 grape wine, 2206 cider and other fermented beverages, and 2208 spirits. Serbia publishes its own 2026 customs tariff. It includes ordinary duty rates and rates under signed free-trade agreements. Alignment of the nomenclature with the European Union does not make Serbia part of its customs or excise territory. Check the full code, origin documentation and any quota before applying a preference.\nExcise: National excise law applies independently of import duty. It provides alcohol control-stamp requirements with exclusions including beer and low-alcohol drinks below 5% alcohol by volume. The exact beer, cider, wine and spirit charge bases, wine exemptions and current value added tax treatment: Not yet sourced. Do not interpret a stamp exception as an excise exemption.\nTerritorial treatment: Special procedures involving Kosovo, free zones and excise suspension: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.carina.rs/en/business-community/CustomsTariff.html","https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/eli/rep/sgrs/skupstina/zakon/2015/55"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Food labelling uses the national Serbian framework. Name, net quantity and alcohol strength for beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume appear in the same field of vision. General ingredient-list and nutrition exemptions apply above that threshold unless specific legislation requires otherwise. Lot identification is required, subject to the stated exceptions. The wine ministry confirms Serbian-language presentation for imported wine and instructs importers not to translate protected geographical names or traditional terms.\nWine follows its own quality and presentation rules. The complete wine particulars, allergen threshold and presentation rules, country-of-origin triggers, general language exceptions and mandatory health warnings: Not yet sourced. Distance-sale mandatory information must be available before purchase, apart from the permitted date exception.","sources":["https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/eli/rep/sgrs/ministarstva/pravilnik/2026/48","https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/eli/rep/sgrs/ministarstva/pravilnik/2022/30/4","https://www.minpolj.gov.rs/deklarisanje-vina/?script=lat"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Minimum age is 18. Consumer-protection law prohibits selling, delivering, serving or gifting alcoholic beverages, including beer, to younger people. A trader may withhold the product while requesting an official age document if age is in doubt. National/local opening hours, alcohol-delivery periods, channel-specific limits and any separate wholesale restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/eli/rep/sgrs/skupstina/zakon/2026/35/1/reg"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"The Intellectual Property Office publishes protected indications of geographical origin. Beverage examples include Bermet wine from the Fruška Gora area and Biserno ostrvo, muskat krokan wine. Serbian wine rules prohibit unauthorised geographical names and misleading origin or quality indications. The complete foreign-name recognition framework and treaty exceptions: Not yet sourced. Examples are not exhaustive.","sources":["https://www.zis.gov.rs/en/rights/indications-of-geographical-origin/statistics/","https://www.zis.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/Reg-no-47-Wine-Bermet.pdf","https://www.minpolj.gov.rs/deklarisanje-vina/?script=lat"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"GS1 Serbia is the national GS1 member organisation for obtaining Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and the associated GS1 identification capacity.","sources":["https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Not yet sourced: Full alcohol-specific importer/wholesaler licence requirements; online B2B brokerage and fulfilment; exact excise bases, wine exemptions and value added tax; product-specific tariff preferences/quotas; Kosovo, free-zone and suspension procedures; complete wine labels, allergens, origin triggers, language exceptions and health warnings; local/national hours and delivery conditions; complete foreign-name recognition.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"us","country":"United States","address":"us.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://us-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed — federal permission is only the first layer. States separately regulate import, manufacture, wholesale and retail. The three-tier model separates suppliers, distributors/wholesalers and retailers, with state-specific exceptions. Control states place government in the wholesale and sometimes retail channel, especially for spirits. Business buyers must use the authorised channel for their state and product. Pennsylvania’s Liquor Control Board wholesales wine and spirits; Virginia’s control system operates at the spirits wholesale and retail levels. A federal permit does not permit a foreign seller to supply every retailer directly. Other control-state details and all local rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ttb.gov/business-central/alcohol-beverage-authorities-in-united-states-canada-and-puerto-rico","https://www.tabc.texas.gov/faqs/tabc-license-permit-faqs/","https://www.abc.virginia.gov/about","https://www.pa.gov/agencies/lcb","https://www.pa.gov/agencies/lcb/shop-wine-spirits/wholesale-wine-and-spirits-sales"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Federal import and wholesale: The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) requires a Federal Basic Importer’s Permit for distilled spirits, wine and malt beverages within the Federal Alcohol Administration Act. The importer needs a staffed business office in the United States or must use an existing licensed importer. A separate Wholesaler’s Basic Permit is required to wholesale covered products not directly imported under the importer’s own permit. Alcohol-dealer registration and applicable Food and Drug Administration (FDA) facility registration also apply. Imported covered labels require a Certificate of Label Approval (COLA), with formula or other pre-approval where applicable.\nCalifornia: Separate beer/wine and spirits importer and wholesaler licences. Basic importer licences have no independent selling privilege; general-importer licences authorise defined sales to supply-tier licensees.\nTexas: A Wholesaler’s Permit covers wine and spirits distribution, importation, transport and storage. Wine-only wholesale is a separate permit category. The state enforces the manufacturing, wholesale/distribution and retail tiers. Malt-beverage permit details: Not yet sourced.\nFlorida: The importer licence supplies licensed manufacturers and distributors. Beer/wine distributors and spirits distributors have different privileges; wholesalers supply licensed vendors/distributors within those privileges.\nNew York: Importer privileges cover import and sale to licensed wholesalers. Wine, liquor, beer and cider wholesale permissions differ. Wine and liquor are subject to filed wholesale and retailer sale schedules; relevant labels require state approval/registration.\nPennsylvania: Wine/spirits suppliers need the applicable licences and board supplier registration. Licensed business customers order through the board’s wholesale system; this includes online ordering. Beer-channel and ready-to-drink exceptions: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: An electronic order must remain within the authorised seller, recipient and distribution channel. Specific independent platform, broker, payment-intermediary and interstate electronic-sale permissions, other states and county/city rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ttb.gov/import-export/itd/importing-bottled-alcohol-beverages-into-the-united-states","https://www.ttb.gov/regulated-commodities/beverage-alcohol/wholesaler/permit-application","https://www.abc.ca.gov/licensing/license-types/","https://www.tabc.texas.gov/services/tabc-licenses-permits/tabc-license-permit-types/","https://openmyfloridabusiness.gov/business/42/wholesale-trade-alcoholic-beverages/","https://sla.ny.gov/wholesale-license-fee-chart","https://sla.ny.gov/node/1141","https://www.pa.gov/agencies/lcb/supplier-vendors/wine-and-spirits-suppliers","https://www.pa.gov/agencies/lcb/shop-wine-spirits/wholesale-wine-and-spirits-sales"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Classification: Heading 2203 covers malt beer, 2204 grape wine, 2206 cider and other fermented beverages, and 2208 spirits. Use the current Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) at the full tariff line and origin level, including applicable additional duties. Customs duty is separate from federal alcohol excise. The United States International Trade Commission maintains the tariff; Customs and Border Protection collects import duties and federal excise. Exact origin-specific tariffs, additional duties and exclusions for a proposed shipment: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: Beer is assessed per barrel, wine per wine gallon by strength and carbonation class, and distilled spirits per proof gallon. Hard-cider treatment requires its own composition, strength and carbonation tests. Reduced rates or credits are conditional; foreign-producer assignments and importer eligibility must be established. Do not assume every 2206 drink qualifies as hard cider. State alcohol taxes and control-board charges are additional, jurisdiction-specific layers. Their complete calculation for California, Texas, Florida, New York and Pennsylvania: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: Insular possessions can sit outside the federal customs territory and have separate entry treatment. Detailed Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, other territory, tribal and foreign-trade-zone rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.usitc.gov/harmonized_tariff_information","https://dataweb.usitc.gov/tariff/database","https://www.ttb.gov/import-export/itd/importing-bottled-alcohol-beverages-into-the-united-states","https://www.ttb.gov/taxes/tax-audit/tax-and-fee-rates","https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Vol_48_No_4_Title.pdf"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Federal labels: Mandatory wine and spirits information is generally in English, with specified territorial exceptions. Product identity/class or type, required business details, net contents and applicable alcohol-strength and origin statements must comply with the relevant category rules. Spirits require alcohol strength. Malt-beverage strength declaration can be mandatory or optional depending on the product and applicable rules. Imported products require origin information.\nAll beverages containing at least 0.5% alcohol by volume require the prescribed government health warning about pregnancy, driving or operating machinery and health risks. The exact prescribed text and layout must be used.\nWine: Include the applicable class/type, strength, importer details, net contents, country of origin and sulphite declaration. Appellation particulars are triggered by claims including vintage, grape variety and estate bottling. Wine below 7% alcohol follows a different federal label route; its complete FDA requirements: Not yet sourced.\nAllergens: Current TTB guidance does not make major-food-allergen disclosure universally mandatory for products under its alcohol rules; voluntary declarations must meet its standards. Sulphite and specified additive declarations remain separate requirements.\nState layer: New York has additional label registration/approval rules, with different treatment for wine above 7%. Complete state label overlays, California warning obligations and local exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-27/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-5/subpart-D/section-5.55","https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-27/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-4/subpart-D/section-4.38","https://www.ttb.gov/regulated-commodities/beverage-alcohol/distilled-spirits/ds-labeling-home/ds-brand-label","https://www.ttb.gov/regulated-commodities/beverage-alcohol/beer/labeling","https://www.ttb.gov/regulated-commodities/beverage-alcohol/wine/labeling-wine/wine-labeling-health-warning-statement","https://www.ttb.gov/regulated-commodities/beverage-alcohol/wine/labeling/","https://www.ttb.gov/faqs/allergen-labeling/print","https://www.ttb.gov/regulated-commodities/beverage-alcohol/wine/labeling-wine/wine-labeling-appellation-of-origin","https://sla.ny.gov/node/1141"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Minimum purchase age is 21 in every state and the District of Columbia. This does not establish identical staff-age or handling rules.\nCalifornia: Retail sales are generally permitted from 06:00 to 02:00, subject to licence restrictions.\nTexas: Liquor package stores operate 10:00–21:00 Monday–Saturday and close Sundays and specified holidays. Ordinary off-premise beer/wine hours differ, including Sunday sales from 10:00.\nFlorida: Full-liquor retail licences are generally quota-limited, with statutory special-licence exceptions; beer/wine licences differ. Precise sale hours: Not yet sourced.\nNew York: Grocery permissions cover beer, cider, mead and specified wine products, rather than an unrestricted wine-and-spirits range. Sale hours vary by county.\nPennsylvania: The board’s wine/spirits wholesale channel constrains business sourcing. Detailed beer, wine-expanded-permit and ready-to-drink channels and hours: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale delivery hours, dry-area rules, other states, county/city conditions and individual licence restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.nhtsa.gov/book/countermeasures-that-work/alcohol-impaired-driving/countermeasures/legislation-and-licensing-5","https://www.abc.ca.gov/enforcement/frequently-asked-questions/","https://www.tabc.texas.gov/faqs/","https://www2.myfloridalicense.com/alcoholic-beverages-and-tobacco/faqs/","https://sla.ny.gov/grocery-storedrug-store-license-quick-reference-0","https://www.pa.gov/agencies/lcb/shop-wine-spirits/wholesale-wine-and-spirits-sales"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Wine appellations include approved American Viticultural Areas (AVAs), states and counties, each with its own qualifying rules. Examples of established AVAs include Napa Valley, Sonoma Valley and Santa Maria Valley. An AVA claim generally requires at least 85% of the grapes from that area plus the applicable finishing requirements. Imported wine bearing a foreign appellation must comply with the relevant origin-country production rules. TTB also maintains agreement-based foreign wine-name resources. Complete foreign spirit-name protections, wine-name grandfathering exceptions and state-specific additional origin rules: Not yet sourced. Examples are not exhaustive.","sources":["https://www.ttb.gov/regulated-commodities/beverage-alcohol/wine/appellations-of-origin/","https://www.ttb.gov/regulated-commodities/beverage-alcohol/wine/ava-establishment-dates","https://www.ttb.gov/regulated-commodities/beverage-alcohol/wine/labeling-wine/wine-labeling-appellation-of-origin"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"GS1 US is the national GS1 member organisation for obtaining Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and the associated GS1 identification capacity.","sources":["https://www.gs1us.org/upcs-barcodes-prefixes"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Not yet sourced: Detailed states beyond California, Texas, Florida, New York and Pennsylvania; all county/city and individual-licence rules; Texas malt permits; Pennsylvania beer/ready-to-drink exceptions; independent online B2B platform/broker/payment permissions; exact shipment tariffs/additional duties and state-tax calculations; territorial/tribal/free-zone rules; low-strength wine FDA details, state label overlays and California warnings; complete hours, delivery and dry-area rules; foreign spirits names and wine-name grandfathering.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ca","country":"Canada","address":"ca.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"State monopoly / Licensed — provincial control sits alongside federal customs, excise and food law. Commercial intoxicating-liquor imports generally go through the provincially authorised liquor authority, subject to statutory exceptions. Retail arrangements differ substantially. Ontario’s Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) is the wholesaler of record. Quebec has the Société des alcools du Québec (SAQ) import channel. British Columbia imports through its Liquor Distribution Branch (LDB). Alberta has private retail, warehousing and distribution, but Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis (AGLC) remains the legal importer of record. Business-to-business (B2B) trading must use the relevant provincial route; private retail does not imply unrestricted foreign direct supply.","sources":["https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d3/d3-1-3-eng.html","https://lcbo.com/content/dam/dbwl/wholesale/wholesale-listings/LCBO%20Wholesale%20Supply%20and%20Delivery%20Procedures%20Manual.pdf","https://www.saq.com/fr/importation-boissons-alcooliques","https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/employment-business/business/liquor-regulation-licensing/liquor-licence-permits/apply-for-liquor-licence-permit/apply-for-an-agent-licence","https://aglc.ca/liquor/about-liquor-alberta?page=0"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Federal layer: The Importation of Intoxicating Liquors Act governs commercial import entitlement. Canada Border Services Agency guidance identifies provincial authority imports and narrow direct-import exceptions for specified distilling, brewing and non-beverage uses. Bulk or non-duty-paid spirits/wine may require a Canada Revenue Agency excise licence or registration. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency states that an alcoholic beverage regulated by that Act does not require its food licence for the specified import or interprovincial/export preparation activities. Other food obligations remain.\nOntario: All wholesale customer purchases go through LCBO or an authorised entity facilitating sales on its behalf. Eligible grocery and convenience-store purchases use the board’s wholesale ordering arrangements; authorised distributors can fulfil within that framework. Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario licensing remains separate.\nQuebec: The SAQ provides the import/private-order route. Grocery permit holders may sell authorised beer, cider, wine and qualifying artisanal fermented drinks, not an unrestricted spirit range. Their supply routes include authorised SAQ distributors and specified artisanal producers. Detailed commercial supplier onboarding: Not yet sourced.\nBritish Columbia: Out-of-province supplier representatives need an agent licence and LDB import-agent arrangements. They may solicit wholesale orders from authorised licensees, but cannot import and deliver directly to them outside the LDB framework.\nAlberta: Register as a liquor agency to import and market a supplier’s products. Product registration and the provincial distribution arrangements apply. Suppliers sell to licensed businesses through AGLC, despite private retail.\nB2B online sale: Ontario has authorised electronic wholesale ordering. Specific independent marketplace, broker, payment and interprovincial fulfilment permissions elsewhere: Not yet sourced. Other provinces/territories, municipal rules and individual licence conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d3/d3-1-3-eng.html","https://inspection.canada.ca/en/food-licences/food-business-activities?wbdisable=false","https://lcbo.com/content/dam/dbwl/wholesale/wholesale-listings/LCBO%20Wholesale%20Supply%20and%20Delivery%20Procedures%20Manual.pdf","https://lcbo.com/content/dbwl/en/basepage/home/Wholesale/working-with-lcbo/delivery-and-pick-up/convenience-store-distributor-program.html","https://www.saq.com/fr/importation-boissons-alcooliques","https://www.racj.gouv.qc.ca/alcool/vendre-des-boissons-alcooliques-dans-un-commerce-au-detail/permis-depicerie","https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/employment-business/business/liquor-regulation-licensing/liquor-licence-permits/apply-for-liquor-licence-permit/apply-for-an-agent-licence","https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/employment-business-and-economic-development/business-management/liquor-regulation-licensing/guides-and-manuals/agent-handbook.pdf","https://aglc.ca/liquor/liquor-agencies-and-suppliers/become-liquor-agency","https://aglc.ca/liquor/about-liquor-alberta?page=0"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Classification: Heading 2203 covers malt beer, 2204 grape wine, 2206 cider and other fermented beverages, and 2208 spirits. Canada’s Customs Tariff determines ordinary and preferential import duty by full code and origin. Imported alcohol also attracts the applicable excise-equivalent customs charges under sections 21.1–21.3 of that tariff. Domestic beer falls under the Excise Act; domestic spirits and wine under the Excise Act, 2001. Bulk and non-duty-paid movements require separate excise controls. Exact current beverage rates, origin concessions and any additional surtaxes: Not yet sourced.\nProvincial layer: Board markups, deposits and applicable taxes must be included separately from federal customs duty. Ontario’s 2026 wholesale framework uses landed cost, category-dependent markup, applicable service charges, deposits and tax. Quebec’s import route also adds provincial charges. Complete business-import calculations for Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia and Alberta: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: Federal border entry does not replace the receiving province’s import/supply authorisation. Other provinces and territories, interprovincial exemptions and special customs or bonded arrangements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif/2026/menu-eng.html","https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif/2026/html/00/ch22-eng.html","https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d3/d3-1-3-eng.html","https://www.doingbusinesswithlcbo.com/content/dbwl/en/basepage/home/new-supplier-agent/Pricing.html","https://www.saq.com/fr/importation-boissons-alcooliques"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Federal labelling: Required consumer information is generally bilingual English and French. Use the applicable prescribed common name, net quantity and responsible business details. Alcohol content must be declared at 1.1% alcohol by volume or more. Standardised alcoholic beverages can be exempt from an ingredient list, but allergen, gluten-source and added-sulphite declarations still apply as prescribed; standardised beer is not exempt from those disclosures. Unstandardised drinks require the applicable ingredients. Wine must identify its country of origin and comply with wine-specific presentation and container rules. Icewine has a separate prescribed identity.\nThe Canadian Food Inspection Agency accepts the foreign United States government warning on imported alcohol; this is not evidence of a universal Canadian obligation to print that warning. Complete mandatory provincial warning requirements: Not yet sourced.\nQuebec: French-language obligations are additional. Since 1 June 2025, generic or descriptive elements within a non-French trademark must also appear in French on the product or a permanently attached medium. Conditional transition provisions run to 1 June 2027.\nOntario, British Columbia and Alberta: Complete board-specific label, package, laboratory and listing standards beyond federal requirements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://inspection.canada.ca/en/food-labels/labelling/industry/alcoholic-beverages","https://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/francisation/entreprises/marque-commerce-produits.html"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Minimum purchase age: Ontario and British Columbia, 19; Quebec and Alberta, 18.\nOntario: Grocery and convenience-store in-person sales/pickup are 07:00–23:00; consumer delivery is 09:00–23:00 under regulator guidance.\nQuebec: Grocery permit sales and deliveries are 07:00–23:00. The permit holder must make the delivery itself rather than use a third party. This retail route does not replace the authorised wholesale/import chain.\nBritish Columbia: Licensee retail stores may sell 07:00–23:00, subject to further restrictions.\nAlberta: Retail liquor-store licence guidance provides a maximum 09:00–02:00 sales window.\nWholesale warehouse/delivery hours, all municipal and individual-licence restrictions, other retail categories and other provinces/territories: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ontario.ca/files/2024-04/moh-cmoh-annual-report-2023-en-2024-04-02.pdf","https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/260305/dq260305b-eng.pdf","https://www.agco.ca/sites/default/files/2024-08/agco-grocery-convenience-store-selling-responsibly-EN.pdf","https://www.racj.gouv.qc.ca/alcool/vendre-des-boissons-alcooliques-dans-un-commerce-au-detail/permis-depicerie","https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/crbc/crbc/241_2016","https://aglc.ca/sites/aglc.ca/files/2024-02/24-02-21%20LH%20Handbook.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Canada protects wine and spirit geographical indications under the Trademarks Act and related product rules. The Canadian Intellectual Property Office list includes Niagara Peninsula, Okanagan Valley, Ontario Icewine, Vin du Québec and Canadian Whisky. Protected foreign examples include Bordeaux. Protected names cannot be applied to products lacking the required geographical origin and production conditions. Provincial wine-origin certification and the complete foreign spirits list or exceptions: Not yet sourced. Examples are not exhaustive.","sources":["https://www.ic.gc.ca/cipo/listgiws.nsf/gimenu-eng?ord=2&order=CA&readForm=&sort=region","https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/engagement-paper-review-canadas-geographical-indication-regime"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"GS1 Canada is the national GS1 member organisation for obtaining Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and the associated GS1 identification capacity.","sources":["https://www.gs1ca.org/barcodes/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Not yet sourced: Province/territory details beyond Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia and Alberta; all municipal and individual-licence conditions; Quebec commercial supplier onboarding; independent B2B marketplace/broker/payment and interprovincial fulfilment permissions; shipment-specific tariffs, excise, surtaxes and provincial charge calculations; bonded/special customs arrangements; provincial warning and board label/testing standards; wholesale hours and other retail categories; provincial wine certification and complete foreign-name exceptions.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"mx","country":"Mexico","address":"mx.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://mx-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Commercial beverage-alcohol imports and domestic supply operate through tax-registered businesses. Producers, manufacturers, bottlers and importers must enter the national alcoholic-beverage taxpayer register where applicable. National sanitary and beverage-identity standards apply alongside customs requirements. State and municipal alcohol permissions remain a separate layer; their detailed scope is Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://wwwmat.sat.gob.mx/consulta/79649/padron-de-bebidas-alcoholicas","https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5386313","https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5502882"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import and wholesale: Register with the Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), Mexico’s tax authority, including the general importer register and the alcoholic-beverage taxpayer register for the relevant activity. Establishment and warehouse information forms part of the alcohol registration process. The applicable health establishment notice is required in the registration documentation identified by the authority. Registration is not a substitute for satisfying product-specific import controls.\nTax controls: Imported packaged alcohol subject to fiscal stamps must carry the required marbete; bulk alcohol subject to the corresponding control uses a precinto. Stamps may be applied through the authorised origin or customs arrangements before release. Exact beer exemptions and package-specific procedures: Not yet sourced.\nDistribution and business-to-business (B2B) online sale: The complete state and municipal licence matrix, online intermediary permissions, territorial wholesaler rights and delivery conditions are Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://wwwmat.sat.gob.mx/consulta/79649/padron-de-bebidas-alcoholicas","https://www.gob.mx/sat/acciones-y-programas/inscripcion-en-el-padron-de-contribuyentes-de-bebidas-alcoholicas","https://wwwmat.sat.gob.mx/articulo/09928/articulo-19"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Classification: Heading 2203 covers malt beer, 2204 grape wine, 2206 cider and other fermented beverages, and 2208 spirits. Use Mexico’s current national tariff subdivisions and the applicable origin rules; these headings alone do not establish a shipment’s duty. The official tariff publication includes 2026 amendments. Ordinary and preferential rates for a particular product and origin: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: The Impuesto Especial sobre Producción y Servicios (IEPS), the special production and services tax, applies to alcoholic beverages and beer on the statutory sale/import basis. Alcohol-strength bands distinguish beverages up to 14%, above 14% through 20%, and above 20% alcohol by volume. Product identity and strength therefore affect the tax treatment, including cider and mixed fermented drinks. Tax-stamp obligations are separate compliance requirements.\nTerritorial treatment: Border-region concessions, special customs regimes, value-added tax, customs fees and the complete shipment-specific tax calculation: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.snice.gob.mx/cs/avi/snice/ligie.info22.mod26.html","https://wwwmat.sat.gob.mx/articulo/52458/articulo-2","https://wwwmat.sat.gob.mx/articulo/09928/articulo-19"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Language and particulars: Mandatory information must be in Spanish. The national sanitary standard requires the beverage identity, responsible operator/importer details, country of origin, lot, net contents and alcohol strength expressed as a percentage by volume at 20°C, together with applicable date information. Imported products must meet the prescribed timing and placement rules for supplementary information.\nWarnings: The statutory health warning is “EL ABUSO EN EL CONSUMO DE ESTE PRODUCTO ES NOCIVO PARA LA SALUD”. Prescribed symbols address under-age consumption, pregnancy and driving; use the category-specific format, including the special treatment for lower-strength beverages, rather than assuming one universal layout.\nIngredients and allergens: Prepared beverages, liqueurs and creams have specific ingredient-list requirements. Declare relevant allergenic ingredients or additions, including cereals containing gluten, egg, peanut, soy, milk, nuts and sulphites at the standard’s threshold, subject to its exceptions.\nWine and other categories: The national identity standard governs beverage denominations and composition. For foreign wine and spirits, applicable international agreements and recognised origin standards interact with Mexican sanitary requirements. Complete wine vintage/variety claims, analytical category limits and technical label exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5386313","https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5502882"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Sale or supply to people under 18 is prohibited. Age controls apply at the final supply stage; a trade-only order does not authorise subsequent unlawful retail supply. State and municipal sale hours, permitted channels, election-period restrictions, delivery verification and warehouse-hour rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://salud.gob.mx/unidades/cdi/legis/lgs/LEY_GENERAL_DE_SALUD.pdf","https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5386313"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Mexico protects national appellations of origin and geographical indications through the industrial-property framework. Official examples include Tequila, Mezcal, Bacanora, Charanda and Sotol. A protected name requires the relevant geographical and production conformity; it is not a generic description for any similar spirit. The national beverage standard also refers to international arrangements for imported protected beverages. The complete foreign-name recognition list and product-specific certification routes: Not yet sourced. Examples are not exhaustive.","sources":["https://doig.impi.gob.mx/IGN","https://www.gob.mx/impi/acciones-y-programas/declaraciones-generales-de-proteccion-de-denominaciones-de-origen","https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5502882"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"GS1 México is the national GS1 member organisation for obtaining Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and the associated GS1 identification capacity.","sources":["https://www.gs1mexico.org/preguntas-frecuentes","https://blog.gs1mexico.org/que-es-un-codigo-de-barras-y-como-obtenerlo"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Not yet sourced: State/municipal import, wholesale, distribution and retail permissions; B2B marketplace and delivery conditions; product-specific sanitary import controls; stamp exemptions and package procedures; exact tariffs/preferences, border concessions, value-added tax and fees; wine claim rules and technical label exceptions; local hours/election restrictions; complete foreign-name recognition and certification routes.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"br","country":"Brazil","address":"br.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://br-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private beverage-alcohol trade is subject to federal agricultural registration, import inspection and customs/tax controls. The Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária (MAPA), administers establishment and beverage controls, including wine and grape-derived drinks. Current registration guidance applies Decree 12,709/2025. A federal registration does not resolve every state or municipal operating permission; those details are Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/inspecao/produtos-vegetal/registro-importacao-e-exportacao-1/registro/registro-de-estabelecimentos","https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/inspecao/produtos-vegetal/registro-importacao-e-exportacao-1/importacao/importacao-de-bebidas-vinho-e-derivados-da-uva-e-do-vinho"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: The establishment must be registered with MAPA in the importer category. Ministry guidance requires the appropriate origin and analysis certificates from recognised foreign bodies, with additional documentation where relevant to the beverage, together with commercial and transport/customs documentation. Imported beverage, wine and grape-product consignments follow the applicable inspection procedure before release for sale. The government service describes authorisation through the Single Foreign Trade Portal and the relevant declaration/licensing route.\nManufacture and distribution: Establishment and product registration requirements apply under the current framework, subject to express exemptions. A producer or importer must establish which category and product requirements apply rather than rely on a generic food registration. Independent wholesaler/warehouse registration exemptions, state and municipal permits, and the exact transition between import systems: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Marketplace, broker, remote-order and delivery-specific permissions are Not yet sourced. Online ordering does not establish compliance with the documented import and establishment requirements.","sources":["https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/inspecao/produtos-vegetal/registro-importacao-e-exportacao-1/registro/registro-de-estabelecimentos","https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/inspecao/produtos-vegetal/registro-importacao-e-exportacao-1/importacao/importacao-de-bebidas-vinho-e-derivados-da-uva-e-do-vinho","https://www.gov.br/pt-br/servicos/obter-certificado-de-inspecao-de-importacao-de-bebidas-fermentados-aceticos-vinhos-e-derivados-da-uva-e-do-vinho?id=11353&origem=servico"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Classification: Heading 2203 covers malt beer, 2204 grape wine, 2206 cider and other fermented beverages, and 2208 spirits. Determine the complete Mercosur Common Nomenclature (NCM) code and use Brazil’s official import-treatment simulator for the product and origin. Preferential trade arrangements concern the import-duty treatment; they do not by themselves remove other import taxes.\nExcise and other taxes: The federal tax on industrialised products is a distinct layer, alongside applicable contributions and state taxation. Specified imported alcoholic beverages also require fiscal control stamps. The precise beverage categories, exclusions, taxable bases and rates must be checked for the transaction.\nTerritorial treatment: Product-specific duty/preferences, the effect of the current tax-reform transition on each charge, state tax differences, bonded arrangements and special treatment such as the Manaus regime: Not yet sourced. No European Union tariff or excise treatment is assumed.","sources":["https://www.gov.br/pt-br/servicos/simular-o-tratamento-tributario-e-administrativo-de-importacoes?id=23564&origem=servico","https://www.gov.br/siscomex/pt-br/informacoes/perguntas-frequentes/acordos-comerciais/7-aspectos-tarifarios","https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/despacho-de-importacao/topicos-1/importacao-por-conta-e-ordem-e-importacao-por-encomenda-1/importacao-por-encomenda/tratamento-tributario-especifico","https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/despacho-de-importacao/topicos-1/procedimentos-preliminares/outros-controles-1/selos-de-controle-de-ipi-2013-bebidas-e-cigarros"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Language: Mandatory information is in Portuguese, legible and indelible. Imported products may use compliant supplementary Portuguese information. Decree 12,709/2025 prohibits misleading presentation and unsupported therapeutic claims and provides the ministry’s labelling framework. The ministry maintains separate current guidance for beverages, wine and grape-derived products.\nWarnings: For alcoholic beverages within the scope of Law 9,294/1996, which defines the relevant category as above 13% alcohol by volume, the package warning is “Evite o Consumo Excessivo de Álcool”. This threshold must not be treated as an exemption from all other beverage rules.\nAllergens: National packaged-food allergen rules also matter for beverages; the health authority’s guidance specifically addresses barley derivatives in beer. Full category-specific allergen exceptions and sulphite treatment: Not yet sourced.\nIdentity, net contents, operator/origin information, lot/date particulars, alcohol-strength expression and current wine-specific declarations must be checked against the applicable beverage and general food instruments. The complete current mandatory-field list, wine sugar/style particulars and technical exemptions under the new decree: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/inspecao/produtos-vegetal/registro-importacao-e-exportacao-1/registro/copy_of_rotulos-e-embalagens/rotulos-e-embalagens-para-vinhos-e-bebidas","https://anttlegis.antt.gov.br/action/ActionDatalegis.php?acao=abrirTextoAto&cod_menu=7145&cod_modulo=420&nomeTitulo=codigos&numeroAto=00012709&orgao=NI&seqAto=000&tipo=DEC&valorAno=2025","https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/lei/1996/lei-9294-15-julho-1996-349045-normaatualizada-pl.html","https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/centraisdeconteudo/publicacoes/alimentos/perguntas-e-respostas-arquivos/rotulagem-de-alergenicos.pdf/%40%40download/file"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Minimum purchase/supply age is 18. The child and adolescent statute prohibits selling, supplying, serving or delivering alcoholic beverages to children or adolescents, including without payment. State/municipal sale hours, venue restrictions, online age-verification procedures, local delivery rules and limits affecting wholesale operations: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/lei/1990/lei-8069-13-julho-1990-372211-normaatualizada-pl.html"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"The National Institute of Industrial Property maintains the geographical-indication register, distinguishing indications of provenance and denominations of origin. Official beverage examples include Vale dos Vinhedos for wine, Pinto Bandeira for wine and Paraty for cachaça. Its beverage directory also records protected foreign names such as Porto, Scotch Whisky and Tequila. Registration-specific geographical boundaries and specifications determine legitimate use. Complete certification procedures and all foreign-name exceptions: Not yet sourced. Examples are not exhaustive.","sources":["https://www.gov.br/inpi/pt-br/projetos-estrategicos/combate-a-falsificacao/diretorio-igs/marcas-e-indicacoes-geograficas-bebidas","https://www.gov.br/inpi/pt-br/servicos/indicacoes-geograficas/pedidos-de-indicacao-geografica-no-brasil"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"GS1 Brasil is the national GS1 member organisation for obtaining Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and the associated GS1 identification capacity.","sources":["https://www.gs1br.org/gtin-identificacao-de-produtos"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Not yet sourced: State/municipal and independent wholesaler/warehouse permissions; exact import-system transition; B2B online and delivery permissions; shipment tariffs and taxes, tax-reform effects, stamp exceptions and special territories; complete mandatory label fields under current instruments, wine particulars and allergen exceptions; local sale hours; complete geographical-name certification and exceptions.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ar","country":"Argentina","address":"ar.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Wine and other beverages follow distinct national control routes. The National Institute of Viticulture, Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura (INV), controls wine imports under the framework effective from January 2026. Other food/beverage imports are subject to the applicable food-authority route, including the recognition arrangements introduced by Decree 35/2025. Provincial and municipal alcohol permissions form a further layer; detailed local requirements are Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/norma-419909/actualizacion","https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/decreto-35-2025-408481/texto"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Wine imports: The importer must meet INV registration requirements. Imported wine must satisfy the applicable domestic compositional conditions. The current procedure uses the importer’s sworn declaration for the analytical/free-circulation certification; a foreign competent-authority analysis may be supplied under the procedure. Do not apply an older universal pre-import analysis process without checking the current resolution.\nOther alcoholic beverages: Decree 35/2025 provides a recognition route for qualifying foods from listed jurisdictions or covered arrangements, supported by the required free-sale or equivalent certification and declaration. Products outside that route remain subject to the applicable Argentine food controls. The exact authority allocation, establishment/product registrations and import procedure for each beer, cider or spirit under the current arrangements: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale, distribution and business-to-business (B2B) online sale: Province/municipality-specific licences, warehouse permissions, intermediary permissions and delivery conditions are Not yet sourced. National customs or food clearance alone does not establish those permissions.","sources":["https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/norma-419909/actualizacion","https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/decreto-35-2025-408481/texto","https://www.argentina.gob.ar/node/455690","https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/autorizar-importacion-de-alimentos-y-envases"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Classification: Heading 2203 covers malt beer, 2204 grape wine, 2206 cider and other fermented beverages, and 2208 spirits. Use the national integrated tariff and the full product code, origin and applicable trade-agreement conditions to determine duty and regulatory treatment. Exact ordinary/preferential duties for the shipment: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: The Internal Taxes Law has separate provisions for alcoholic beverages and beer. Its alcoholic-beverage provision covers drinks at or above 10% alcohol by volume while excluding wine, and distinguishes spirit/product categories; beer has its own provision and special rules for qualifying small producers and very low-strength products. Wine’s exclusion from that provision is not a blanket exemption from every tax. Cider-specific internal-tax treatment and the complete calculation for a mixed beverage: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: Value-added tax, customs fees, provincial turnover taxes, bonded arrangements and special territorial treatment, including Tierra del Fuego: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.afip.gov.ar/aduana/arancelintegrado/default.asp","https://www.vuce.gob.ar/","https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-24674-38621/actualizacion"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Language and general rules: Use the applicable Spanish-language food and beverage labelling rules. National alcohol legislation requires declared alcohol strength and the warnings “Beber con moderación” and “Prohibida su venta a menores de 18 años”; implementing rules prescribe their presentation on the primary package.\nAllergens: Packaged-food rules require the prescribed declaration after the ingredient list for relevant allergens and their derivatives. These include gluten-containing cereals, egg, milk, soy, peanut and specified nuts, with express exceptions including certain materials used in alcoholic distillation. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites at or above 10 parts per million must be declared. A precautionary statement has its own conditions; it is not a substitute for an ingredient declaration.\nWine: Apply the current INV rules, including the registered importer’s identification and registration number and the lot information for imported wine. The 2026 procedure must be used when checking analytical references on labels. Complete current wine mandatory fields, origin/vintage/varietal conditions, ingredient-list exemptions and technical presentation tolerances: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-24788-42480/texto","https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/decreto-149-2009-150972/actualizacion","https://www.argentina.gob.ar/anmat/codigoalimentario","https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/resoluci%C3%B3n-11-2017-280582/texto","https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/norma-419909/actualizacion"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Minimum purchase age is 18: national law prohibits selling alcoholic beverages to people under 18. Its mandatory package warning reinforces that prohibition. Provincial and municipal sale hours, outlet categories, delivery age verification, wholesale-hour restrictions and other local conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-24788-42480/texto"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"INV administers the wine origin-protection framework, including geographical indications and controlled denominations of origin. Official examples include Mendoza and Paraje Altamira as geographical indications and Luján de Cuyo and San Rafael as controlled denominations of origin. Use depends on the registered origin and applicable production conditions. The complete foreign-name treaty coverage, protection for non-wine beverages and product-specific certification requirements: Not yet sourced. Examples are not exhaustive.","sources":["https://www.argentina.gob.ar/inv/proteccion-del-origen","https://www.argentina.gob.ar/sites/default/files/2022/04/i.g._y_d.o.c._de_la_republica_argentina.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"GS1 Argentina is the national GS1 member organisation for obtaining Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and the associated GS1 identification capacity.","sources":["https://gs1latam.org/location/argentina/","https://www.gs1.org.ar/Site/Marketplace/Home.html"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Not yet sourced: Provincial/municipal and B2B online permissions; exact current non-wine authority allocation, establishment/product registration and import route; shipment duties, cider excise, complete tax calculations and special territories; complete current wine label fields, origin/vintage/variety rules and technical exceptions; local age-verification/hours; foreign-name coverage and non-wine geographical protection.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"cl","country":"Chile","address":"cl.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators can trade alcoholic beverages through a registration, product-registration, sanitary and municipal alcohol-licence framework. The Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) registers operators and alcoholic beverages under the alcohols law. Establishments that sell, provide, distribute or keep alcoholic beverages are subject to the alcohol-patent and inspection system under the municipal licensing model described below.","sources":["https://www.sag.gob.cl/ambitos-de-accion/comunicacion-inicio-de-actividades-ley-de-alcoholes","https://www.sag.gob.cl/ambitos-de-accion/registro-de-bebidas-alcoholicas","https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=220208"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: A natural or legal person importing alcoholic beverages needs Chilean tax start-of-activities status with the Servicio de Impuestos Internos (SII), a Chilean tax identification number, SAG start-of-activities communication as an alcohol importer, and SAG registration of each alcoholic beverage to be imported. On entry, SAG samples and analyses the consignment, retains it until the result is notified, and classifies it as fit or not fit for import. Imported food also follows the sanitary import route: a Customs Destination Certificate (CDA) allows transfer from customs premises to an authorised warehouse, and a favourable Use and Disposal decision is needed before sale or distribution.\nWholesale and distribution: Anyone producing, bottling, commercialising, importing or exporting ethyl alcohol and alcoholic beverages must first communicate start of activities to SAG and enter the register of producers, bottlers, traders, importers and exporters. Alcoholic beverages produced, elaborated, exported or imported must be entered in the SAG National Register of Alcoholic Beverages. Food premises used for production, packaging, storage, distribution or sale require health-authority authorisation. Alcohol-law premises categories include wine, liquor or beer producing or distributing warehouses selling wholesale, importing houses selling imported wine or liquor wholesale, and winery or liquor-industry agencies. Wholesale is defined by statutory minimum quantities.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The online ordering channel was not sourced as a separate authorisation category. The operator still has to satisfy the underlying SAG, sanitary, customs and municipal alcohol-patent requirements for its activity and premises. Specific business-to-business online platform/intermediary treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.sag.gob.cl/ambitos-de-accion/comunicacion-inicio-de-actividades-ley-de-alcoholes","https://www.sag.gob.cl/ambitos-de-accion/registro-de-bebidas-alcoholicas","https://www.sag.gob.cl/ambitos-de-accion/importacion-de-bebidas-alcoholicas","https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=220208","https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=71271&idVersion=2026-10-02","https://www.minsal.cl/comercio-exterior-de-alimentos-comex/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine; certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and sake, and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below the relevant high-strength threshold; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Chile uses the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) as the basis for classification. Use the Servicio Nacional de Aduanas current customs tariff at the full national code level, with customs valuation, origin and any preferential trade agreement treatment. The Subsecretaría de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales (SUBREI) tariff-search tool transcribes preferences from Chile’s trade-agreement schedules, but the official agreements and customs information prevail in case of discrepancy. Exact payable tariff for a specified product and origin: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: The SII describes an additional tax on sales and imports of alcoholic beverages, applied on the same taxable base as Value Added Tax (VAT). The alcohol categories include liqueurs, pisco, whisky, aguardiente and distilled beverages, including certain liqueur or aromatised wines; and wines for consumption, including sparkling and gasified wines, generosos or asoleados, chicha, cider, beer and other alcoholic beverages. The treatment depends on the product category and whether the product is destined for consumption.\nTerritorial treatment: Chile has free zones authorised for Iquique and Punta Arenas. A free zone is legally defined as a delimited area near a port or airport with a customs extraterritoriality presumption, where foreign goods may be deposited, transformed, finished or commercialised under the free-zone rules. Movements from free zones or extension zones to the rest of the country require the applicable customs treatment for that movement.","sources":["https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/nomenclature/instruments-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022/2022/0422_2022e.pdf?la=en","https://centrodeayuda.prochile.gob.cl/hc/es-419/articles/360048425413--Qu%C3%A9-es-un-arancel-o-una-barrera-arancelaria-y-c%C3%B3mo-puedo-conocer-el-arancel-que-paga-mi-producto-o-servicio","https://aranceles.subrei.gob.cl/","https://www.aduana.cl/aduana/site/docs/20090106/20090106200659/r_9445_29_12_08_actualiza_anexos_18_y_35_cna_contiene_anexos_v.pdf","https://www.sii.cl/normativa_legislacion/dl825.pdf","https://www.sii.cl/aprenda_sobre_impuestos/impuestos/impuestos_indirectos.htm","https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=188367"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory food-label information must be in Spanish and may also be repeated in another language. Missing, non-Spanish or non-compliant mandatory information on imported products must be supplied by a permanent supplementary label.\nMandatory warnings: Beverages with alcoholic strength of at least 0.5° intended for commercialisation in Chile must carry a clear, visible and legible warning about harmful consumption. The rules in force from 7 July 2024 require the prescribed graphic warning with driving, pregnancy and under-18 symbols, and warning information must remain visible at points of sale. The producer or manufacturer is responsible for domestic products and the importer for imported beverages before commercialisation. Energy value in kilocalories must also be indicated.\nAlcohol strength and basic particulars: Consumer products must generally be sold in sealed, labelled containers unless an authorised establishment may sell otherwise. Labels must state the denomination or nature of the product, alcoholic strength, volume, and packer name and address. Imported products must also state the country of origin and the importer’s name and address.\nAllergens: Where the food allergen rule applies, officially listed allergens must be declared in the ingredient list with at least the same letter size as other ingredients, or under a “contains” or similar statement. The official allergen list includes cereals containing gluten, crustaceans, eggs, fish, peanut, soya, milk, nuts and sulphite at the stated threshold.\nOrigin and wine particulars: Alcohol labels must not mislead as to origin, raw material, nature, composition or characteristics. Imported alcohol must state origin. Wine geographical indications, viticultural zones, grape variety, harvest year and similar particulars are available only under the wine-zoning and denomination rules, including the conditions for the stated area or special denomination.\nLabel/product registration: SAG product registration is required for alcoholic beverages produced, elaborated, exported or imported, and importers must register the products and comply with the alcohol-labelling rules. Separate pre-market label approval process: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=29859","https://normativa.sag.gob.cl/Publico/Normas/DetalleNorma.aspx?id=8815","https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=71271&idVersion=2026-10-02","https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1014985","https://www.minsal.cl/nuevo-etiquetado-de-alcohol/","https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1194044","https://www.sag.gob.cl/ambitos-de-accion/importacion-de-bebidas-alcoholicas","https://www.sag.gob.cl/ambitos-de-accion/registro-de-bebidas-alcoholicas","https://normativa.sag.gob.cl/Publico/Normas/DetalleNorma.aspx?id=13601"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. It is prohibited to sell, give, offer compensation for, or supply alcoholic beverages in the listed alcohol establishments to a person under 18. Staff serving those establishments must require an official identity document from persons seeking to acquire alcoholic beverages. Minors under 18 may not enter cabarets, cantinas, bars, taverns, or discotheques where alcoholic beverages are sold.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Off-premise alcohol establishments may operate from 09:00 to 01:00, with the statutory later close on Saturday and holiday mornings. Wholesale producing or distributing warehouses for wine, liquor or beer operate from 10:00 to 22:00. On-premise establishments operate from 10:00 to 04:00; discotheques from 19:00 to 04:00, with the statutory later close on Saturday and holiday mornings. The restriction does not apply on 1 January or Fiestas Patrias days.\nRegional and local layers: Municipalities may set differentiated hours by ordinance within the statutory margins and determine zones for specified alcohol premises. The President may temporarily restrict alcohol sale in a locality or commune for serious public-order reasons. Professional football security measures can impose local sale or delivery bans around the venue. Complete commune-by-commune alcohol ordinance variations: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=220208"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Chile protects indications of source through the general geographical indication and denomination of origin system administered by the Instituto Nacional de Propiedad Industrial (INAPI), and through special wine and spirits rules under the alcohols law and its decrees. The alcohols law allows wine and distilled-product denominations of origin by supreme decree and prohibits use of established denominations for non-qualifying products. Protected foreign geographical indications, denominations of origin, traditional expressions and quality terms recognised in ratified treaties may be used only under those treaties.\nWine names: The wine-zoning decree establishes viticultural regions, subregions, zones and areas as denominations of origin for wine. Verified examples include Valle de Casablanca, Valle del Maipo and the special denomination Secano Interior. These examples are not exhaustive.\nSpirit names: Pisco is a protected denomination of origin for the qualifying grape spirit, with a specific pisco regulation. The law also protects Pajarete and Vino Asoleado for qualifying fortified wines.\nBeer and cider names: Named beer and cider protected names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.inapi.cl/sello-de-origen/tipos-de-sello/indicacion-geografica","https://www.inapi.cl/sello-de-origen/tipos-de-sello/denominacion-de-origen","https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=29859","https://normativa.sag.gob.cl/Publico/Normas/DetalleNorma.aspx?id=13601","https://normativa.sag.gob.cl/Publico/Normas/DetalleNorma.aspx?id=169561"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Chile. GS1 Chile states that the GTIN identifies products and that GS1 Chile assigns the company prefix and product codes for Chile.","sources":["https://gs1chile.org/Codigos/que-es-el-codigo-de-barras","https://gs1chile.org/Codigos/como-obtengo-un-GTIN-para-codigo-de-barras"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Specific business-to-business online platform/intermediary treatment; exact payable tariff for a specified product and origin; separate pre-market label approval process; complete commune-by-commune alcohol ordinance variations; named beer and cider protected names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"co","country":"Colombia","address":"co.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed/monopoly. Colombia permits private import, wholesale and distribution subject to customs, sanitary, tax and local operating controls. The market is mixed because distilled spirits are subject to a departmental revenue-monopoly model for production and introduction where a department elects to exercise it; wine, aperitifs and similar products are generally of free production and introduction, subject to the consumption-tax system. All alcoholic beverages supplied to the public or in bulk require sanitary authorisation under the beverage-alcohol rules.","sources":["https://normograma.dian.gov.co/dian/compilacion/docs/ley_1816_2016.htm","https://normograma.invima.gov.co/compilacion/docs/decreto_1686_2012.htm","https://www.mincit.gov.co/mincomercioexterior/como-importar-a-colombia"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: An importer must be registered for customs and tax purposes. The Ministry of Commerce states that importers should be registered with the Chamber of Commerce and hold a Registro Único Tributario (RUT) with the import activity; customs rules require importers and exporters to be domiciled or represented in Colombia and registered in the RUT with the corresponding status. Alcoholic beverages supplied to the public, including bulk products, require a sanitary registration issued by the Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos (INVIMA). Import-and-sell and bulk-import modalities are recognised for sanitary registration.\nWholesale and distribution: Establishments that manufacture, hydrate, package, store, distribute, transport, commercialise or sell alcoholic beverages must meet the sanitary requirements and hold a favourable or favourable-with-requirements sanitary concept from the competent health authority. For products subject to consumption tax, producers, importers and distributors must comply with departmental or District treasury registration, accounting, declaration, payment and movement-control rules. Payment of the consumption tax or departmental participation is a condition for sale or distribution.\nState monopoly role: Departments may exercise the revenue monopoly over production and introduction of distilled spirits and potable alcohol for making spirits. Where exercised, production may be direct or through third parties, and introduction requires a departmental permission. Each department exercises distribution and commercialisation monopoly only over distilled spirits it produces directly. Where a department does not exercise the monopoly, distilled spirits fall under the consumption-tax regime.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Colombian electronic-commerce law recognises data messages and electronic contracting, but an online order does not replace customs, sanitary registration, tax, monopoly-permission, premises or destination-control requirements. Specific treatment of independent B2B marketplace, broker and payment-intermediary models, and wholesale-only municipal premises rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.mincit.gov.co/mincomercioexterior/como-importar-a-colombia","https://normograma.dian.gov.co/dian/compilacion/docs/decreto_1165_2019.htm","https://normograma.invima.gov.co/compilacion/docs/decreto_1686_2012.htm","https://normograma.dian.gov.co/dian/compilacion/docs/ley_1816_2016.htm","https://normograma.dian.gov.co/dian/compilacion/docs/ley_0223_1995.htm","https://normograma.dian.gov.co/dian/compilacion/docs/ley_0527_1999.htm","https://relatoria.colombiacompra.gov.co/normativa/ley-1801-de-2016/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203, beer made from malt. Wine: 2204, wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine, and certain grape must. Cider: 2206, other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208, undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Colombia’s customs tariff is adopted in the national tariff schedule and uses the Harmonized System, the Andean Community common nomenclature (NANDINA) eight-digit structure and Colombian national ninth and tenth digits. The Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales (DIAN) provides the customs-tariff consultation tool. The payable duty treatment depends on the exact ten-digit classification, origin, preference, quota or other measure; a four-digit heading does not establish the duty for a shipment.\nExcise and participation: Beer, sifons, refajos and mixtures have a separate consumption-tax chapter, with responsibility on producers and importers and rules for national and foreign products. Liquors, wines, aperitifs and similar products are subject to a departmental consumption-tax structure with a specific component based on alcohol volume and an ad valorem component based on the certified public-sale price. Where a department exercises the distilled-spirits monopoly, a departmental participation replaces the ordinary consumption tax for the monopoly product. Imported products are declared and paid through the foreign-products consumption-tax fund and destination declarations to the department or the District also apply.\nTerritorial treatment: Consumption-tax rules refer to consumption in departmental jurisdictions and include rules for products introduced into special customs-regime zones. Foreign liquors, wines, aperitifs and similar products imported into the San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina Archipelago have a special treatment unless later introduced to the rest of Colombia; products for that territory require destination marking. Maicao, Uribia and Manaure have a special sanitary-registration regime for alcoholic beverages imported and commercialised there. Complete special-regime treatment for every free zone, bonded store and local border arrangement: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://normograma.dian.gov.co/dian/compilacion/docs/decreto_1881_2021.htm","https://www.dian.gov.co/aduanas/Paginas/Inicio.aspx","https://normograma.dian.gov.co/dian/compilacion/docs/ley_0223_1995.htm","https://normograma.dian.gov.co/dian/compilacion/docs/ley_0788_2002.htm","https://normograma.dian.gov.co/dian/compilacion/docs/ley_1816_2016.htm","https://normograma.invima.gov.co/normograma/compilacion/docs/decreto_4445_2005.htm","https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/sites/default/files/Normograma/docs/decreto_3515_2007.htm","https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/2026/C-079-26.htm"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Alcohol-specific mandatory wording is prescribed in Spanish. Domestic alcoholic-beverage labels may not use foreign-language expressions, legends or images that mislead the public into believing the product was made abroad; brand or manufacturer protections can allow some foreign-language expression. Imported products may use a complementary label for required Colombian particulars. General all-imported-label language rule beyond the alcohol-specific Spanish warnings and domestic-label restrictions: Not yet sourced.\nMandatory warnings: Every alcoholic beverage must declare “El Exceso de Alcohol es Perjudicial para la Salud” and “Prohíbase el expendio de bebidas embriagantes a menores de edad”. Distilled beverages must also include the Colombia-consumption statement required by law.\nAlcohol strength: Packaged alcoholic beverages declare alcoholic strength in alcoholimetric degrees or percentage by volume at 20 degrees Celsius. The degree must also appear in advertising and on the container for the products covered by the liquor-tax law.\nAllergens: Allergen declaration rules for alcoholic beverages: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin and business particulars: Labels show the product name and mark, manufacturer, hydrator or packer details, importer name, address and city where applicable, INVIMA sanitary registration, net content by volume and lot code. Products hydrated or packaged in Colombia from imported bulk must state that operation; products made from foreign bulk or made abroad must clearly state origin.\nWine particulars: Sparkling and bubbling wine categories must use the prescribed category expression. Wines of the same brand with different ageing times and denominations of origin may be covered by one sanitary registration only if the stated physical-chemical similarity conditions are met.\nLabel registration: The sanitary-registration application includes the label information. The registration holder must inform INVIMA of permanent label changes and comply with the label chapter.","sources":["https://normograma.invima.gov.co/compilacion/docs/decreto_1686_2012.htm","https://mesagil.invima.gov.co/productos-vigilados/alimentos/bebidas-alcoholicas","https://www.invima.gov.co/sites/default/files/alimentos-y-bebidas-alcoholicas/bebidas/gu%C3%ADa_para_tr%C3%A1mites_bebidas_alcoh%C3%B3licas_2024_%281%29_%281%29.pdf","https://normograma.mintic.gov.co/mintic/compilacion/docs/decreto_0120_2010.htm","https://normograma.dian.gov.co/dian/compilacion/docs/ley_1816_2016.htm"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Colombian law prohibits the sale of intoxicating beverages to minors, and the age of majority is 18.\nSale-hour and channel limits: There is no single ordinary national closing hour sourced for all alcohol channels. Districts and municipalities may set zones and hours for establishments where alcoholic beverages are sold and may adopt restrictions on alcohol sales based on public-health risk mapping. The National Police and Coexistence Code also requires ordinary economic-activity compliance, including land-use rules, current mercantile registration, opening notice to the police station and compliance with applicable operating hours.\nRegional layers: Establishments involving sale and consumption of alcohol can be treated as higher-impact premises for land-use and local-hours purposes. Mayors can set operating hours for establishments such as bars, clubs, taverns and similar premises. City-by-city hours, temporary dry-law rules and wholesale-delivery-hour rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=291","https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=4965","https://normograma.mintic.gov.co/mintic/compilacion/docs/decreto_0120_2010.htm","https://relatoria.colombiacompra.gov.co/normativa/ley-1801-de-2016/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Denominaciones de origen are protected within the Andean industrial-property system under Decisión 486, and the Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio (SIC) maintains Colombia’s protected-denomination information and authorisation framework. Trade agreements also protect listed geographical indications for wines, spirits and beers.\nVerified examples: Champagne and Rioja are listed wine geographical indications in the Colombia-European Union framework. Cognac, Scotch Whisky and Irish Whiskey are listed spirit geographical indications. Bayerisches Bier, Münchener Bier and Českobudějovické pivo are listed beer geographical indications. Colombian law separately recognises and protects Viche/Biche and its derivatives as ancestral, artisanal and traditional beverages and collective heritage of the Black and Afro-Colombian communities of the Pacific coast; its sanitary category is separately regulated. These examples are not exhaustive.\nAdditional Colombian protected wine, beer and cider names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://sedeelectronica.sic.gov.co/temas/propiedad-industrial/direccion-de-signos-distintivos/denominaciones-de-origen","https://www.suin-juriscol.gov.co/otrosinformacion/dpi/decisiones_486.pdf","https://www.tlc.gov.co/acuerdos/vigente/union-europea/5-enlaces-e-informacion-de-interes/noticias/las-relaciones-economicas-y-comerciales-entre-colo.aspx","https://normograma.invima.gov.co/compilacion/docs/decreto_0162_2021.htm","https://normograma.mincultura.gov.co/compilacion/docs/ley_2158_2021.htm","https://normograma.invima.gov.co/normograma/compilacion/docs/resolucion_minsaludps_0113_2024.htm"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Colombia. Its guidance identifies it as the Colombian GS1 member organisation and covers GS1 identification, barcodes and GTIN allocation.","sources":["https://gs1co.org/sobre-gs1/quienes-somos","https://gs1co.org/servicios/codigos-de-barras","https://gs1co.org/soluciones/identificacion/numeros-globales-de-identificacion-de-productos-gtin"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Independent B2B marketplace, broker and payment-intermediary treatment; wholesale-only municipal premises rules; complete special-regime treatment for every free zone, bonded store and local border arrangement; general all-imported-label language rule beyond the alcohol-specific Spanish warnings and domestic-label restrictions; allergen declaration rules for alcoholic beverages; city-by-city hours, temporary dry-law rules and wholesale-delivery-hour rules; additional Colombian protected wine, beer and cider names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"pe","country":"Peru","address":"pe.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may import and trade beverage alcohol subject to customs import formalities, sanitary registration for industrialised foods and beverages, and municipal authorisation for establishments selling to the public. The alcohol-control framework applies nationally to persons that manufacture, import, commercialise, distribute, supply or consume alcoholic beverages.","sources":["https://leyes.congreso.gob.pe/Documentos/Leyes/28681.pdf","https://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/DHAZ/certificacion.asp","https://www.sunat.gob.pe/legislacion/procedim/despacho/importacion/importac/procGeneral/despa-pg.01.htm","https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/1890266-2"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: The owner or consignee for import for consumption must use the customs procedure of the Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria (SUNAT), normally with an active Registro Único de Contribuyentes (RUC) for commercial operations. Restricted goods require the competent sector document before customs clearance where the rule so requires. Industrialised alcoholic beverages for commercialisation require Dirección General de Salud Ambiental e Inocuidad Alimentaria (DIGESA) sanitary registration; a non-holder importing an already registered product may obtain a certificate for the imported registered product and assumes the same sanitary responsibilities.\nWholesale and distribution: Premises carrying on commerce, industry or services require the municipal operating licence before opening. Establishments selling alcoholic beverages to the public must be authorised by the municipality for the relevant line of business, modality and hours. Commercialising alcoholic beverages without a current sanitary registration is treated as an infringement.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The electronic-signature law gives electronic signatures legal effect, but the online channel does not remove the underlying customs, sanitary-registration, premises-authorisation or under-18 sale restrictions. Specific independent online alcohol marketplace or intermediary permissions: Not yet sourced. Remote age-verification rules for online alcohol trade: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.sunat.gob.pe/legislacion/procedim/despacho/importacion/importac/procGeneral/despa-pg.01.htm","https://asistenteaduanero.sunat.gob.pe/valor-fob-mayor-a-2000","https://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/DHAZ/certificacion.asp","https://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/codex/D.S.007_98_SA.pdf","https://leyes.congreso.gob.pe/Documentos/Leyes/28681.pdf","https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/1890266-2","https://diariooficial.elperuano.pe/Normas/obtenerDocumento?idNorma=21"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine, and certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Peru’s Arancel de Aduanas 2022 is published by the Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas and disseminated by SUNAT. Classification must be made at the ten-digit national subheading level; the four-digit heading alone does not determine the payable duty. The tariff is ad valorem on customs value unless a special regime, preference, treaty measure or other customs rule applies. Import for consumption is completed after duties, taxes, recargos and formalities are satisfied or guaranteed.\nExcise: The Impuesto Selectivo al Consumo (ISC) applies to specified goods including alcoholic beverages. SUNAT describes three calculation systems: ad valorem, specific by volume sold or imported, and ad valorem according to the suggested retail-price system. The applicable system depends on the item’s location in the appendices to the Impuesto General a las Ventas (IGV) and ISC law.\nTerritorial treatment: Peru has special customs and tax zones, including Zona Franca de Tacna (ZOFRATACNA) and Zonas Especiales de Desarrollo (ZED). Goods entering those zones can receive special customs treatment; movement from ZOFRATACNA to the rest of the national territory is handled under the relevant customs regime, including import for consumption where applicable.","sources":["https://www.sunat.gob.pe/legislacion/procedim/normasadua/gja-04/ctrlCambios/anexos/Arancel_2022.pdf","https://www.mef.gob.pe/es/normatividad/por-temas/politica-arancelaria/28021-decreto-supremo-n-404-2021-ef-2/file","https://www.sunat.gob.pe/legislacion/procedim/despacho/importacion/importac/procGeneral/despa-pg.01.htm","https://asistenteaduanero.sunat.gob.pe/valor-fob-mayor-a-2000","https://www.sunat.gob.pe/legislacion/igv/ley/titulo2.htm","https://orientacion.sunat.gob.pe/3119-05-calculo-del-impuesto-isc","https://www.sunat.gob.pe/legislacion/procedim/despacho/zofratacna/procGeneral/despa-pg.23.htm","https://www.gob.pe/7868.html"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory information for industrialised foods and beverages must appear in Spanish.\nMandatory warnings: Alcoholic-beverage packs, wrappers and labels must carry the phrase “TOMAR BEBIDAS ALCOHÓLICAS EN EXCESO ES DAÑINO” in the required label or package area. Point-of-sale sign obligations also cover the under-18 sale prohibition and drink-driving message.\nAlcohol strength: DIGESA public guidance tells purchasers to verify that alcoholic-drink labelling shows the degree of alcohol. Mandatory alcohol-strength format and tolerance for all beer, wine, cider and spirits: Not yet sourced.\nAllergens: The general food and beverage labelling rule requires declaration of ingredients and additives. Beverage allergen-specific statements beyond ingredient declaration: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin lines: Imported products must show the importer’s name, business name and address, which may appear on an additional label. General manufactured-product labelling guidance lists country of manufacture.\nWine particulars: Wine-sector labelling particulars: Not yet sourced.\nLabel registration: Industrialised food and beverage products commercialised in Peru require DIGESA Registro Sanitario, and the registration number is part of the mandatory label information. Separate label pre-approval beyond Registro Sanitario: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/codex/D.S.007_98_SA.pdf","https://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/DHAZ/certificacion.asp","https://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/noticias/Octubre2026/nota69.asp","https://leyes.congreso.gob.pe/Documentos/Leyes/28681.pdf","https://spij.minjus.gob.pe/Normas/textos/110709T.pdf","https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/noticias/657189-minsa-recomienda-no-adquirir-ni-consumir-bebidas-alcoholicas-de-lugares-de-dudosa-procedencia-comunicado-de-prensa-n-1121","https://consumidor.gob.pe/2025/05/12/etiquetadoproductosindustriales/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18, expressed as a prohibition on sale, distribution, supply and free delivery of alcoholic beverages to minors under 18 in any selling or serving modality and in any establishment or activity. Machines may supply alcohol only in authorised establishments and where responsible persons can prevent access by minors.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Only municipally authorised establishments may sell alcoholic beverages to the public within the authorised line of business, modality and hours. Sale outside the schedule set by the competent authority is an infringement. Street sale and supply, public-road consumption, and alcohol supply in education and health establishments and in events for minors are prohibited.\nRegional and municipal layers: Municipalities authorise, inspect and set sanctions through ordinances. They must adapt local rules to the national alcohol law. Complete municipal sale-hour ordinances: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://leyes.congreso.gob.pe/Documentos/Leyes/28681.pdf","https://spij.minjus.gob.pe/Normas/textos/110709T.pdf","https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/normas-legales/246491-012-2009-sa"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (INDECOPI) is the authority for Peruvian Denominations of Origin (DOs). Its guidance describes DOs as signs for products whose characteristics derive from a defined geographic area and lists the Peruvian products with DO status.\nVerified spirit example: Pisco is protected as a Peruvian DO. The Pisco regulation reserves and authorises use of the name for products meeting the recognised legal and technical conditions. INDECOPI guidance says an authorised Pisco should carry the DO expression and authorisation certificate details.\nWine and beer names: Verified protected wine and beer names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gob.pe/114893-denominacion-de-origen-do","https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/6685089/5805882-reglamento-denominacion-de-origen-pisco.pdf","https://www.gob.pe/institucion/indecopi/noticias/1423067-dia-nacional-del-pisco-cinco-recomendaciones-para-reconocer-un-pisco-con-denominacion-de-origen-y-evitar-adulteraciones","https://www.gob.pe/institucion/indecopi/informes-publicaciones/5814626-guia-practica-de-la-denominacion-de-origen-pisco"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Perú. Its guidance states that a business must be associated with GS1 Perú to obtain a GS1 GTIN barcode for product identification.","sources":["https://gs1pe.org/necesita-un-codigo-de-barras-gs1","https://gs1pe.org/nosotros-gs1-peru"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Specific independent online alcohol marketplace or intermediary permissions; remote age-verification rules for online alcohol trade; mandatory alcohol-strength format and tolerance for all beer, wine, cider and spirits; beverage allergen-specific statements beyond ingredient declaration; wine-sector labelling particulars; separate label pre-approval beyond Registro Sanitario; complete municipal sale-hour ordinances; verified protected wine and beer names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"uy","country":"Uruguay","address":"uy.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Registered. Private operators may import, manufacture, distribute and sell beverage alcohol subject to customs, tax, food, product and sector controls. The former monopoly of the Administración Nacional de Combustibles, Alcohol y Portland (ANCAP) over alcohols and distilled alcoholic beverages has been repealed; ANCAP may continue to make, market, import and export those products in competition with private activity. Wine and cider channels are controlled by the Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura (INAVI), and distilled alcoholic beverages require the Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay (LATU) registration route.","sources":["https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/16753-1996","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/19855-2019","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/63-2020","https://www.inavi.com.uy/registro-empresas/","https://www.latu.org.uy/certificacion-control/certificacion-de-productos/alcohol-y-bebidas-alcoholicas"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: General-regime importation is made through the Documento Único Aduanero (DUA), with intervention by a customs broker where the regime requires it. Food importers should also treat the operation as a food-business matter under the Registro Único Nacional de Alimentos, Empresas y Vehículos (RUNAEV), including company, premises or product steps as applicable.\nWine and cider: INAVI registers bodegas, cideries and importers. Imported wine, wine by-products and cider require INAVI inspection and a marketing-enabling certificate before sale in the internal market; INAVI may sample and analyse the goods and check technical and labelling compliance.\nSpirits and potable alcohol: Manufacturers and importers of alcohols and distilled alcoholic beverages must register with LATU and declare products for conformity assessment. Distilled alcoholic beverage labelling must show the product registration number in the form determined by LATU.\nWholesale and distribution: The alcohol-control law allows any person or legal entity to distribute, market, sell, offer or supply alcoholic beverages after complying with applicable law and the seller-registration framework. The implementing decree requires the seller permit file to include Dirección General Impositiva (DGI), Banco de Previsión Social (BPS) and departmental commercial or bromatological evidence, as applicable.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: RUNAEV has an electronic-intermediation category for food operators without storage. Alcohol-specific B2B online sale and independent platform conditions: Not yet sourced.\nState role: ANCAP is a competitor in distilled alcohols and distilled alcoholic beverages, not an exclusive state monopoly.","sources":["https://www.aduanas.gub.uy/innovaportal/v/28223/1/innova.front/importacion-regimen-general-%E2%80%93-dua-importacion.html","https://www.gub.uy/tramites/inscripcion-empresa-runaev","https://www.gub.uy/tramites/registro-producto-runaev","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/19855-2019","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/63-2020","https://www.inavi.com.uy/registro-empresas/","https://www.inavi.com.uy/tramites-importadores/","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/349-2012","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/16753-1996","https://www.latu.org.uy/certificacion-control/certificacion-de-productos/alcohol-y-bebidas-alcoholicas"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine; certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Uruguay applies the Nomenclatura Común del Mercosur (NCM), adjusted to the seventh Harmonized System amendment, with the Arancel Externo Común (AEC) and national tariff treatment approved by decree. The Dirección Nacional de Aduanas (DNA) describes the tariff as the official list of goods and duties, and the public Sistema Lucía route is used for customs tariff consultation. Duty treatment depends on the full national tariff line, origin, customs regime and any applicable preference or exception.\nExcise: The Impuesto Específico Interno (IMESI) covers listed beverage categories, including vermouth and special wine categories, potable alcohols, other alcoholic beverages including caña and grapa, beer, and ciders and wines not included in the special wine category. The DGI controls the marketing of alcohols and alcoholic beverages within its competence.\nTerritorial treatment: Customs law applies throughout Uruguay and its customs enclaves. Free zones have special treatment: goods introduced into free zones have import-tax exemptions under the free-zone law, while introduction from a free zone into non-free national territory is treated as an import for all purposes.","sources":["https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/nomenclature/instruments-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022/2022/0422_2022e.pdf?la=en","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/430-2021","https://www.aduanas.gub.uy/innovaportal/v/2485/1/innova.front/arancel.html","https://www.aduanas.gub.uy/innovaportal/v/12081/1/innova.front/informacion-para-acceso-externo-al-sistema-lucia.html","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/todgi2023/101-2024/1_T11","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/todgi2023/101-2024/25_T11","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/codigo-aduanero/19276-2014/1","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/15921-1987/21","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/15921-1987/22"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory packaged-food information must be in the official language of the country of consumption; for Uruguay this means Spanish. A complementary label may be used where the original label is not in the destination language, and it must be applied before commercialisation.\nGeneral mandatory particulars: Packaged food labelling includes the sales name, ingredient list, net contents, origin identification, importer name or business name and address for imported foods, lot, durability date and instructions where applicable. RUNAEV product registration asks for the label design.\nAlcohol warnings and strength: Alcoholic and low-alcohol beverage containers must carry, on the principal label, the nature or product type, alcoholic strength, manufacturer or importer identification and the preventive messages established by law and decree. The decree requires preventive messages covering harmful abuse, pregnancy risk and driving or machinery risk, plus a pregnancy-risk pictogram.\nAllergen and sulphite declaration for beverage alcohol: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin and wine particulars: Table-wine containers must show country of origin, wine type, producer, importer identification, importer address and INAVI registration number. Vinos de Calidad Preferente (VCP) must have the label registered with INAVI before local-market release and must be labelled in Spanish. A wine label using a geographical indication, region of origin or designation of origin must be supported by certification from the competent control body.\nLabel registration: VCP wine labels are registered with INAVI. Distilled alcoholic beverages must carry the LATU product-registration number on the label or an additional label. Imported wine, wine by-products and cider are released only after INAVI inspection and certificate where compliant.","sources":["https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos-reglamento/117-2006","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/19855-2019","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/63-2020","https://www.gub.uy/tramites/registro-producto-runaev","https://www.inavi.com.uy/tramites-importadores/","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/349-2012","https://impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/431-1994","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/16753-1996","https://www.latu.org.uy/certificacion-control/certificacion-de-productos/alcohol-y-bebidas-alcoholicas"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. The child and adolescent code prohibits sale, provision, lease or distribution of alcoholic beverages to persons under 18. Alcohol-selling establishments must display the under-18 prohibition notice required by the alcohol-control law.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Sale, supply or offering of alcoholic beverages is prohibited from 00:00 to 06:00 in premises that do not have the competent authority’s authorisation for alcoholic beverages to be consumed on the premises. The alcohol-control law also prohibits sale, offering, supply, advertising or promotion of alcoholic beverages in educational centres throughout the country. Automatic-machine sale is subject to the same law and its implementing rules. Establishments of at least 100 square metres must keep alcoholic beverages in a specific sector separate from non-alcoholic beverages.\nRegional layers: Departmental commercial or bromatological authorisations are part of the seller-permit file, and RUNAEV is the national food-company, premises, vehicle and product system used by departmental authorities. Current departmental or municipal sale-hour additions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/codigo-ninez-adolescencia/17823-2004/187","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/19855-2019","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/17243-2000/75","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/63-2020","https://www.gub.uy/congreso-intendentes/politicas-y-gestion/preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-registro-unico-nacional-alimentos-empresas-vehiculos","https://www.gub.uy/tramites/inscripcion-empresa-runaev"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Uruguay’s trade mark law protects geographical indications, designations of origin and indications of source. The Dirección Nacional de la Propiedad Industrial (DNPI) keeps the general registers of geographical indications and designations of origin, while INAVI is the competent body for national wine indications and designations. The 2026 decree sets the DNPI registration procedure, including applicant standing, geographical delimitation, product or service description, link to the area, use-and-control rules, opposition and indefinite registration term.\nVerified wine examples: Uruguay’s official treaty list with Chile includes Canelones, Carmelo, Los Cerros de San Juan, Sierra de la Ballena and Garzón among listed Uruguayan wine indications. These examples are not exhaustive.\nSpirits and beer: The law contains a wine and spirits geographical-indication provision, including a continued-use exception for wine or spirit geographical indications used before the World Trade Organization date. Protected domestic spirit and beer geographical names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/17011-1998/73","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/17011-1998/74","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/17011-1998/75","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/17011-1998/76","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes-originales/19670-2018/143","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/246-2026","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes-originales/19646-2018/1","https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/17011-1998/79"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Uruguay. GS1 Uruguay states that it is the only body authorised by GS1 International to assign, administer and disseminate the GS1 system in Uruguay, and that GTINs assigned in Uruguay use the prefix 773.","sources":["https://gs1uy.org/quienes-somos/","https://gs1uy.org/preguntas-frecuentes/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Alcohol-specific B2B online and independent platform conditions; allergen and sulphite declaration for beverage alcohol; current departmental or municipal sale-hour additions; protected domestic spirit and beer geographical names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"cr","country":"Costa Rica","address":"cr.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed; state production monopoly. Finished beverage alcohol can be traded by private operators that hold the required customs, fiscal, sanitary and municipal permissions. The channel model combines a customs-administered fiscal register for importers, manufacturers and wholesale distributors, Ministry of Health product and premises controls, municipal licensing for retail sale, and a state monopoly role for domestic production and use of ethyl alcohol for liquor or industrial purposes and raw rum through the Fábrica Nacional de Licores (FANAL).","sources":["https://pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=73058&nValor3=122341&param1=NRTC&strTipM=TC","https://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/RESOLUCIONRESDGA2832009.pdf","https://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/MH-DGA-RES-0952-2024.pdf","https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/DOCS/NORMAS/1/VIGENTE/S/2020-2029/2020-2024/2024/19179/16D36B.HTML","https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/regulacion-de-la-salud?catid=2&id=2291%3Aimportacion-de-alimentos&view=article"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Alcoholic beverages are treated as processed foods for sanitary purposes. Processed foods need sanitary registration before commercialisation, and food import clearance is handled through the foreign-trade single window with the Ministry of Health authorisation. Importers, manufacturers, distributors and wholesale sellers of alcoholic beverages must also be in the customs-administered Fiscal Register under Law 8707; the assigned number must appear on commercial invoices and receipts.\nWholesale and distribution: A premises-level Ministry of Health operating permit is required for the relevant activity, such as storage, warehouse or wholesale sale. A municipal business licence is also required for any lucrative activity in the canton. Wholesale operators should separate this from the municipal alcohol retail licence, which applies to sale to the final consumer by licence class.\nDomestic manufacture: Companies wishing to elaborate alcoholic beverages in Costa Rica must obtain the relevant FANAL concession where the state monopoly applies. The concession does not replace Ministry of Health product registration or premises permissions.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Electronic ordering does not remove the underlying fiscal, sanitary, customs and municipal requirements. The Ministry of Health recognises sanitary operating permits for retail by post and Internet; specific independent B2B platform, broker and payment-intermediary permissions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/regulacion-de-la-salud?catid=2&id=2291%3Aimportacion-de-alimentos&view=article","https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/tramites-empresariales/81-registro-de-productos-de-interes-sanitario/2544-registro-de-alimentos-26","https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/tramites-empresariales/78-permisos-de-funcionamiento/2529-tramite-permisos-sanitarios-de-funcionamiento-para-establecimientos-industriales-comerciales-y-de-servicios-26","https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/tramites/empresas?catid=30&id=2248%3Apermiso-sanitario-de-funcionamiento-carnet-de-manipulacion-de-alimentos&view=article","https://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/RESOLUCIONRESDGA2832009.pdf","https://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/MH-DGA-RES-0952-2024.pdf","https://pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=73058&nValor3=122341&param1=NRTC&strTipM=TC","https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/DOCS/NORMAS/1/VIGENTE/S/2020-2029/2020-2024/2024/19179/16D36B.HTML","https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/DOCS/DICTAMENES/1/P/D/2000-2009/2005-2009/2007/A9CF5.HTML","https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_articulo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=101013&nValor3=138768&nValor5=3&param1=NRA&strTipM=FA"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and mixtures not elsewhere specified. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Use the Costa Rican customs tariff through ArancelNet or the tariff query of the Tecnología de Información para el Control Aduanero (TICA) system and the full national tariff line, origin and applicable preference. The Costa Rican most-favoured-nation tariff is described by the Ministry of Foreign Trade as the import customs duty plus the statutory Law 6946 charge. Exact origin-specific customs duty for a proposed product: Not yet sourced.\nExcise and import charges: Alcoholic beverages carry a specific tax calculated by millilitres of absolute alcohol, with bands by alcoholic strength. Customs calculation guidance also identifies import duty, selective consumption tax where applicable, statutory levies, the alcoholic-beverage specific tax and value added tax in the import calculation. The payable result depends on classification, customs value, strength, quantity, origin and regime.\nTerritorial treatment: Customs law regulates entry and exit of goods from the national territory and divides the customs territory into primary and secondary zones. Goods may be placed under definitive, suspensive or liberatory customs regimes, including free zones. Specific beverage-alcohol treatment under Golfito, duty-free shops, free zones and other special regimes: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://serviciosnet.hacienda.go.cr/arancelnet/","https://portaltica.hacienda.go.cr/TicaExterno/hdbaranc.aspx","https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/DOCS/NORMAS/1/NOVIGEN/D/2020-2029/2020-2024/2021/175F8/15072A.HTML","https://www.comex.go.cr/preguntas-frecuentes/","https://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/MH-DGA-RES-1428-2024.pdf","https://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/GeneralidadesImpuestoBebidasAlcoholicas.pdf","https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/DOCS/NORMAS/1/NOVIGEN/L/1990-1999/1995-1999/1999/A3EF/17E4CB.HTML","https://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/MH-DGA-AS-GER-RES-0410-2026.pdf","https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/DOCS/NORMAS/1/VIGENTE/L/1990-1999/1995-1999/1995/651E/24B22.HTML"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory information must be available in Spanish. A complementary label is required where the original label is not in Spanish, and it must carry the mandatory information required by sections 5 to 7 of the Central American Technical Regulation adopted by Costa Rica.\nMandatory information: Prepackaged alcoholic beverages in Costa Rica fall within the general food-labelling regulation. Labels must identify the true nature of the food, list ingredients except for single-ingredient foods, declare net contents, sanitary registration, responsible business name and address, country of origin, lot and expiry date where required. Wine and beverages of 10% alcohol by volume or more are exempted from expiry-date marking under the general rule.\nAllergens: Ingredients known to cause hypersensitivity must always be declared, including gluten-containing cereals, crustaceans, eggs, fish, peanuts, soya, milk, tree nuts and sulphites at or above the prescribed threshold. Possible unintended presence must be declared clearly after the ingredient list.\nOrigin and importer: Country of origin must be indicated. Imported foods must state the importer or distributor name and address.\nLabel registration: Imported food registration requires the original label, Spanish translations where needed, the complementary label under Decree 37280 and an operating permit for the relevant activity.\nMandatory warnings: General mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy label warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength and wine particulars: Current physical-label alcohol-strength rule for all categories; specific wine labelling particulars beyond general food-labelling rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.meic.go.cr/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Decreto-37280.pdf","https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/tramites-empresariales/81-registro-de-productos-de-interes-sanitario/2544-registro-de-alimentos-26","https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/regulacion-de-la-salud?catid=2&id=2291%3Aimportacion-de-alimentos&view=article","https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/biblioteca-de-archivos-left/documentos-ministerio-de-salud/alertas-sanitarias/alertas-por-productos-en-el-mercado/2024-advertencias-por-productos-en-el-mercado/8602-pdf-26-de-noviembre-del-2024-advertencia-sanitaria-medidas-prevencion-contra-consumo-bebidas-alcoholicas-adulteradas/file"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase and consumption age: 18. Sale or free supply of alcoholic beverages to minors is prohibited, and sellers must request official identification where age is in doubt.\nRetail licence hours: National law sets retail sale hours by licence class. Closed-container primary alcohol shops, class A, and class B1 bars may sell from 11:00 to 00:00. Class B2 dance venues may sell from 16:00 to 02:30. Class C restaurants may sell from 11:00 to 02:30 the following day. Class D secondary off-premise outlets may sell from 08:00 to 00:00. Class E tourist-category premises have no statutory alcohol-sale hour limit under the cited national provision.\nChannel and place limits: Sale and consumption on public roads and public places are prohibited except in municipal-authorised events within the demarcated area. Minors may not work in establishments that sell alcoholic beverages, and entry or permanence of minors is prohibited in the specified principal alcohol-sale categories.\nRegional layers: Municipalities grant alcohol licences, temporary event licences and local operating rules. Complete cantonal restrictions beyond national alcohol law; wholesale-only delivery-hour treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=73058&nValor3=122341&param1=NRTC&strTipM=TC","https://sinalevi.go.cr/ResultadosPronunciamiento/Informacion?param1=22802&param2=0","https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=77314","https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/DOCS/NORMAS/1/VIGENTE/RM/2010-2019/2010-2014/2014/12C6A/F81EF.HTML"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Costa Rica protects geographical indications and denominations of origin through the intellectual-property registration framework and through treaty commitments. The National Registry guidance states that the resolution granting a geographical indication or denomination of origin identifies the delimited production area, covered products or services, and essential qualities or characteristics, and is published in La Gaceta.\nTreaty examples: Under the Central America-Mexico treaty, protected Mexican spirit names include Tequila, Mezcal, Sotol, Bacanora and Charanda. The same treaty lists Ron de Guatemala as a Central American spirit geographical indication. These examples are not exhaustive.\nEuropean Union list: The Central America-European Union Association Agreement includes a list of names for which protection was requested, including wines and spirits; the protected-names annex provides for insertion after successful examination. Verified protected wine and beer names in Costa Rica: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.rnpdigital.com/centroinforegistral/registros/propiedad%20intelectual/GuiasCalificacion/Guia%20de%20Calificacion.pdf","https://www.comex.go.cr/media/5488/00_capitulo16-propiedad-intelectual.pdf","https://www.comex.go.cr/media/5489/01_anexo-1619-a-indicaciones-geograficas-y-denominaciones-de-orgien-de-centroamerica.pdf","https://www.comex.go.cr/media/5490/02_anexo-1619-b-indicaciones-geograficas-y-denominaciones-de-origen-de-mexico.pdf","https://www.comex.go.cr/media/4826/01_anexo-xvii-lista-de-nombres-para-los-que-se-solicita-proteccion-como-indicaciones-geograficas-en-el-territorio-de-las-partes.pdf","https://www.comex.go.cr/media/4827/02_anexo-xviii-indicaciones-geograficas-protegidas.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Costa Rica, operated by Asociación GS Uno Costa Rica. Its guidance describes GTIN as the unique product identifier for trade items and provides membership routes for product identification and barcodes.","sources":["https://gs1cr.org/clave_identificacion/gtin/","https://mi.gs1cr.org/afiliacion/codigodebarras/","https://gs1cr.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Reglas-de-Membresia-Usuario-Estandares-5.pdf"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Specific independent B2B platform, broker and payment-intermediary permissions; exact origin-specific customs duty for a proposed product; specific beverage-alcohol treatment under Golfito, duty-free shops, free zones and other special regimes; general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy label warning; current physical-label alcohol-strength rule for all categories; specific wine labelling particulars beyond general food-labelling rules; complete cantonal restrictions beyond national alcohol law; wholesale-only delivery-hour treatment; verified protected wine and beer names in Costa Rica: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"pa","country":"Panama","address":"pa.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Panama uses a licensed private-channel model for beverage alcohol. Alcohol sellers operate through municipal liquor-sale licensing or Informe Previo Favorable and the Ministry of Commerce and Industries (MICI) Aviso de Operación, with separate food, customs and tax controls for import, storage, distribution and fiscal marking. Law 55 distinguishes wholesale outlets, closed-container retail outlets and open-container on-premise outlets; this classification reflects that operators obtain activity-specific authorisations.","sources":["https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/1970/1973/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_17397_1973_7_26_CONSEJO%20NACIONAL%20DE%20LEGISLACION_55.pdf","https://www.panamadigital.gob.pa/InformacionTramite/solicitud-para-obtener-un-aviso-de-operacion-licencia-comercial","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2026/09/30618_A/GacetaNo_30618a_20260923.pdf","https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/Fiscalizacion/AL"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: A commercial food importer works through the Agencia Panameña de Alimentos (APA) accreditation and notification system. The APA page describes accreditation for importers and access to import notifications and sanitary registration procedures. Alcohol import shipments must be notified to the food authority before arrival and be supported by the listed documents, including the food-safety certificate or equivalent from the origin authority, certificate of origin, commercial invoice and customs pre-declaration. Import and distribution premises also require a Ministry of Health (MINSA) sanitary operating permit where the activity is import and/or distribution of foods.\nWholesale and distribution: Law 55 classifies establishments dedicated to wholesale alcohol sale separately from bodegas and on-premise outlets. Wholesale outlets are the category for sales of nine or more litres and must obtain the mayor’s liquor licence and the MICI commercial authorisation. Wholesale operators must keep purchase, sales and daily stock records for fiscal supervision. A distributor/importer’s Aviso de Operación and MINSA sanitary operating permit should show the food import, storage or distribution activity.\nManufacture and fiscal control: Domestic production or elaboration of alcohols, aguardientes, whiskies and gins is subject to General Directorate of Revenue (DGI) licensing and fiscal control, alongside MICI industrial licensing and MINSA operating permission. DGI procedures also cover liquor import requests, excise stamps, custody and safety seals where applicable.\nBusiness-to-business online sale: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://apa.gob.pa/","https://sit.apa.gob.pa/aupsa/ResolucionesAMD/Resolucion053_AG_2021AlimentosProcesadosIndustrializados.pdf","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2009/07/26326_A/15123.pdf","https://minsa.b-cdn.net/sites/default/files/multidepositos.pdf","https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/1970/1973/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_17397_1973_7_26_CONSEJO%20NACIONAL%20DE%20LEGISLACION_55.pdf","https://www.panamadigital.gob.pa/InformacionTramite/solicitud-para-obtener-un-aviso-de-operacion-licencia-comercial","https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/Fiscalizacion/AL","https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/PFrecuentes/tpresenciales"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203, beer made from malt. Wine: 2204, wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must. Cider: 2206, other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead, sake and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208, undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty framework: Use the National Import Tariff at the full Panamanian tariff line, origin and preference level. The Autoridad Nacional de Aduanas (ANA) publishes an interactive National Tariff tool, and the tariff has been published in the Official Gazette. Import for consumption covers goods entering from abroad or from a Panamanian free zone or free port to remain definitively in the customs territory; it requires payment of the import taxes due and compliance with customs formalities.\nExcise: The Impuesto Selectivo al Consumo (ISC) on alcoholic beverages is structured by degree of alcohol content per litre of beverage. DGI guidance identifies liquor, wine, beer and spirit categories in the ISC implementation. Imported goods are also subject to DGI controls such as excise stamps and custody or safety-seal procedures where applicable.\nTerritorial treatment: Free zones are customs regimes under customs control where goods may be handled without payment of import duties while they remain in the regime. Entry from a free zone into the fiscal/customs territory for consumption is treated as importation and requires the applicable customs and tax treatment. Free-zone goods must still comply with sanitary, health, environmental and economic regulations required for the rest of the fiscal territory.","sources":["https://aranceles.ana.gob.pa/","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2021/12/29427_B/GacetaNo_29427b_20211202.pdf","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2016/11/28162_C/GacetaNo_28162c_20161121.pdf","https://qa.ana.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/actos_administrativos/decretos/2002/Decreto_Gabinete_41.pdf","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2008/02/25984/GacetaNo_25984_20080222.pdf","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2024/06/30053_A/GacetaNo_30053a_20240614.pdf","https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/LDRd/L1","https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/PFrecuentes/tpresenciales"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language: Labels submitted for MINSA sanitary registration must be in Spanish, Panama’s official language, and must follow national rules and Codex food-labelling standards.\nCore food label particulars: The sanitary-registration label file covers the food name, ingredient list, net content and drained weight in metric units, manufacturer identity and address, country of origin, lot identification, expiry date, plant number, sanitary registration number and use or storage instructions.\nAlcohol strength and liquor particulars: A national or imported liquor container must bear a label stating whether it is national or the country of origin, the manufacturer, the name and class of liquor, the liquid content and the alcoholic strength. Sale is not allowed if the required liquor label is missing.\nAllergens and sensitive populations: Labels must add allergen declarations or statements for ingredients that may affect sensitive populations; the official example is the phenylalanine statement for aspartame.\nOrigin: Food registration label particulars include country of origin. Alcohol-specific fiscal labelling also requires national-product or country-of-origin indication.\nLabel registration and changes: Food sanitary registration uses original labels or identical artwork; product samples must be presented as they will be distributed. Changes in labelling during the registration period require a formal change request and supporting documents.\nGeneral mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nSpecific wine labelling particulars: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.minsa.gob.pa/sites/default/files/direcciones/requisitos_para_registro_sanitario_de_alimentos_por_primera_vez_renovacion_y_cambios.pdf","https://www.panamadigital.gob.pa/InformacionTramite/registro-sanitario-de-alimentos","https://apa.gob.pa/","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2015/03/27744_A/50181.pdf","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2017/08/28349/GacetaNo_28349_20170823.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Law 55 prohibits the supply or sale of intoxicating beverages to people under 18 throughout the Republic and prohibits their entry into cantinas.\nAge checks and notices: Municipal rules require alcohol sellers to verify that the buyer is not a minor, normally by checking the personal identity card, and to display notices prohibiting supply to minors. Panama District rules apply the age check to wholesale and retail alcohol sales in open or closed containers.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Law 55 allows the municipal mayor to set hours for retail alcohol establishments. In Panama District, a retail alcohol establishment without a night permit must start after 10:00 and close by 23:59; operation after midnight requires a night permit. Colón District rules also require the corresponding night permit for alcohol sale after midnight. Pharmacies may not sell alcoholic beverages, and special restrictions also apply to alcohol handled in areas physically shared with pharmacies.\nRegional layers: Municipalities issue their own licences, night permits, event conditions and temporary prohibitions. Remaining municipal and regional premises and sale-hour rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://s3-legispan.asamblea.gob.pa/legispan/NORMAS/1970/1973/LEY/Administrador%20Legispan_17397_1973_7_26_CONSEJO%20NACIONAL%20DE%20LEGISLACION_55.pdf","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2026/09/30618_A/GacetaNo_30618a_20260923.pdf","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2025/08/30341/114050.pdf","https://www.minsa.gob.pa/sites/default/files/normatividad/ley-419-de-2024-ley-de-medicamentos.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Panama protects geographical indications, indications of provenance and denominations of origin under the industrial-property law administered by the Dirección General del Registro de la Propiedad Industrial (DIGERPI). MICI guidance states that applications identify the sign, delimited production or processing area, product, essential characteristics, technical study and use/control regulation. Foreign indications may be registered when their origin-country protection is proved.\nRegister effect: The law creates a special DIGERPI register. Registered indications, indications of provenance and denominations of origin have indefinite duration while the conditions that justified protection remain, and producers in the delimited area may use the protected name if they comply with its rules.\nVerified spirit examples: Seco and Seco de Panamá are identified in the Panama-Mexico treaty annex as Panamanian indications of provenance. Tequila and Mezcal are listed in that treaty as Mexican denominations of origin for which Panama grants treaty protection, subject to its national procedures.\nProtected wine names in force: Not yet sourced.\nProtected beer names in force: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://mici.gob.pa/indicaciones-y-denominaciones/","https://mici.gob.pa/requisitos-ig-do/","https://consulta.digerpi.gob.pa/Marcas/Inidicaciones","https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/storage/gacetas/2012/10/27136/GacetaNo_27136_20121005.pdf","https://mici.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/15-propiedad-intelectual-final.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Panamá. GS1 Panamá describes itself as the official organisation responsible for providing European Article Number and Universal Product Code (EAN/UPC) barcodes in Panama and offers GS1/GTIN product identification services.","sources":["https://gs1pa.org/necesita-un-codigo-de-barras-gs1/","https://gs1latam.org/location/panama/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Business-to-business online sale; remaining municipal/regional premises and sale-hour rules; general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; specific wine labelling particulars; protected wine names in force; protected beer names in force: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"do","country":"Dominican Republic","address":"do.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators trade subject to customs, tax and sanitary controls. Commercial importers register with the Dirección General de Aduanas (DGA), alcoholic-beverage importers use the Dirección General de Impuestos Internos (DGII) importer-licence route, and each import authorisation for alcoholic beverages is handled through the Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior (VUCE) with Ministerio de Salud Pública sanitary controls. This classification reflects the official licensing and registration framework described below.","sources":["https://www.aduanas.gob.do/media/zcflhflg/decreto-609-24-reglamento-operadores-aduaneros.pdf","https://dgii.gov.do/servicios/Paginas/det-Alcoholes-LicenciaImportador.aspx","https://dgii.gov.do/publicacionesOficiales/bibliotecaVirtual/contribuyentes/isc/Documents/Instructivo-Solicitud-de-Licencia-Importacion-Bebidas-Alcoholicas-Tabaco.pdf","https://sirevuce.aduanas.gob.do/Home/Details/1357?Trades=1","https://repositorio.msp.gob.do/bitstream/handle/123456789/856/Dec.No.528-01.PDF?isAllowed=y&sequence=1"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: A person may make imports without a DGA importer/exporter registration when not commercially dedicated to the activity, but anyone intending to carry out import or export as a commercial activity must register with the DGA. A product subject to a permit, licence or authorisation must also meet the competent agency’s formalities. Alcohol importers request an official DGII importer licence, must be tax compliant and provide the required bond, and the licence is presented to the DGA for each import. VUCE alcoholic-beverage import authorisation identifies the Ministry of Public Health as the external agency and requires documents including commercial invoice, sanitary registration, shipment document and pro forma invoice.\nWholesale and distribution: Products of alcohol are within the DGII Impuesto Selectivo al Consumo (ISC) control scope for producers, importers and commercialisers. The DGII traceability system is designed to control and track alcohol products from production or importation to final destination. Product authorisation for alcohol requires product detail, sanitary registration, trade mark registration or competent certification, alcohol strength and presentation volume. Separate alcohol-specific wholesale or distribution licence requirements for third-party wholesalers: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Law 126-02 provides a legal framework for digital documents and data messages, but it excludes warnings that must be printed on products because of commercialisation, use or consumption risk. Online ordering therefore does not replace the underlying customs, sanitary, tax and label obligations. Independent B2B platform, broker and payment-intermediary permissions: Not yet sourced.\nPremises permissions: Alcohol manufacturers require official DGII authorisation and no-objection or certification from health, environmental and municipal authorities for installation. Distribution warehouse and municipal premises permissions for non-manufacturing wholesale: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.aduanas.gob.do/media/zcflhflg/decreto-609-24-reglamento-operadores-aduaneros.pdf","https://dgii.gov.do/publicacionesOficiales/bibliotecaVirtual/contribuyentes/isc/Documents/Instructivo-Solicitud-de-Licencia-Importacion-Bebidas-Alcoholicas-Tabaco.pdf","https://sirevuce.aduanas.gob.do/Home/Details/1357?Trades=1","https://sirevuce.aduanas.gob.do/Home/Details/1339?Trades=1","https://dgii.gov.do/legislacion/normasGenerales/Documents/NG%20sobre%20Impuesto%20Selectivo%20al%20Consumo%20%28ISC%29/norma06-19.pdf","https://www.dgii.gov.do/cicloContribuyente/obligacionesTributarias/principalesImpuestos/Paginas/sistemaTrafico.aspx","https://www.aduanas.gob.do/media/0ofgmijp/126-02_sobre_comercio_electronico_y_firmas_digitales.pdf","https://dgii.gov.do/publicacionesOficiales/bibliotecaVirtual/contribuyentes/isc/Documents/3-Requisitos-para-obtener-la-Licencia-de%20Fabricante-Alcohol-Tabaco.pdf","https://repositorio.msp.gob.do/bitstream/handle/123456789/856/Dec.No.528-01.PDF?isAllowed=y&sequence=1"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203, beer made from malt. Wine: 2204, wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine, and grape must except heading 2009. Cider: 2206, other fermented beverages including cider, perry and mead, and relevant mixtures. Spirits: 2208, undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The Dominican tariff is queried through the Consulta de Aranceles of the foreign-trade single-window system known by its Spanish initials SIREVUCE and must be checked at the detailed national tariff-code level. The SIREVUCE result for a line shows the import duty field, Impuesto sobre Transferencias de Bienes Industrializados y Servicios (ITBIS), selective tax fields and any VUCE import forms. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable customs duty or import authorisation route. Exact customs duty for a specified product and origin: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: The ISC applies to transfers of specified domestically produced goods at manufacturing level and to imports. Alcohol products, alcoholic beverages and beer are taxed with an ad valorem component on the suggested retail price plus a specific component. Producers and importers are taxpayers; the specific component for alcohol products, alcoholic beverages and beers is paid by litre of absolute alcohol and is adjusted quarterly.\nTerritorial treatment: The customs territory is the whole national territory where customs legislation is fully applicable. Definitive importation means entry into the customs territory for use or consumption and implies payment of duties and taxes that may be due. Temporary, suspensive or special customs regimes can change payment timing or treatment where their conditions are met. Free-zone or special-regime treatment for beverage alcohol: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://dgii.gov.do/cicloContribuyente/obligacionesTributarias/principalesImpuestos/Paginas/impuestoSelectivoConsumo.aspx","https://sirevuce.aduanas.gob.do/Home/Details/1339?Trades=1","https://sirevuce.aduanas.gob.do/Home/Details/1357?Trades=1","https://sirevuce.aduanas.gob.do/Home/Details/1334?Trades=1","https://www.aduanas.gob.do/media/ykmcb0c0/ley_general_aduanas_168-21.pdf"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Food and beverage labelling is required in Spanish. The Dominican Standard (Norma Dominicana, NORDOM) 53 guidance identifies the product name, responsible business name and address, industrial and sanitary registration, country of origin, net content, ingredient list, minimum durability date and lot identification as general prepacked-food label elements.\nMandatory warnings: Beer and alcoholic-beverage containers for national consumption must carry the warning “El consumo de alcohol perjudica la salud”, in easily legible contrasting letters. The same warning rule extends to advertising.\nAlcohol strength: DGII alcohol-product authorisation requires label samples and product details including alcohol strength and presentation volume.\nAllergen lines: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin lines: NORDOM 53 identifies country of origin as a label element. Imported alcohol-product authorisation also requires a free-sale certificate from the country of origin, where applicable.\nWine particulars: Not yet sourced.\nLabel registration: The sanitary-registration process for food and beverages requires the label format under NORDOM 53. Alcohol import authorisation through VUCE requires the sanitary registration, and DGII alcohol-product authorisation requires the sanitary-registration number on the label or complementary label.","sources":["https://repositorio.msp.gob.do/bitstream/handle/123456789/747/LeyNo.42-01.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1","https://indocal.gob.do/wp-content/uploads/catalogo_ilustrado_nordom_2017.pdf","https://repositorio.msp.gob.do/bitstream/handle/123456789/856/Dec.No.528-01.PDF?isAllowed=y&sequence=1","https://ayuda.dgii.gov.do/conversations/alcoholes-tabacos-y-cigarrillos-electrnicos/ca5250-qu-deben-hacer-los-fabricantes-e-importadores-de-productos-derivados-del-alcohol-para-solicitar-autorizacin-de-nuevos-productos/68795bba174819486195fbd6","https://sirevuce.aduanas.gob.do/Home/Details/1357?Trades=1"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Law 136-03 protects children and adolescents until they reach 18 and prohibits the sale of alcoholic beverages and tobacco to children and adolescents. It also prohibits their entry into commercial establishments where alcoholic beverages are consumed and requires a visible entrance notice. A 2025 Ministry of Interior and Police measure separately prohibits the presence of children and adolescents in alcohol-sale and alcohol-consumption centres.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Decree 308-06 was declared unconstitutional by Tribunal Constitucional judgment TC/0689/26, but the effects of that declaration were deferred for two years from notification. Current enforcement therefore still refers to the decree and the 2022 joint horario resolution. That resolution sets sales in colmados, colmadones, cafeterias, car washes, mechanical parks, water parks and liquor stores until 00:00 every day; discotheques, bars, clubs, restaurants, event centres, piano bars and casinos until 02:00 Sunday to Thursday and until 03:00 Friday and Saturday. MIP-RR-0006-2025 orders immediate next-day closure for establishments found in flagrant violation.\nRegional layers: The cited sale-hour framework is national. Current municipal or regional overlays beyond the national Ministry of Interior and Police rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://repositorio.msp.gob.do/bitstream/handle/123456789/1495/Ley136-2003.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1","https://mip.gob.do/noticias/el-ministerio-de-interior-y-policia-emite-resolucion-mip-rr-0005-2025/","https://mip.gob.do/transparencia/images/docs/marco_legal_de_transparencia/resoluciones/2025/agosto/RESOLU_2.PDF","https://mip.gob.do/transparencia/images/docs/base_legal/Resoluciones/2023/009-2022.pdf","https://mip.gob.do/transparencia/images/docs/base_legal/Decretos/Decreto%20No.308-06%20Que%20Proh%C3%ADbe%20el%20Expendio%20de%20Bebidas%20Alcoh%C3%B3licas.pdf","https://www.tribunalconstitucional.gob.do/consultas/secretar%C3%ADa/sentencias/tc068926","https://tribunalsitestorage.blob.core.windows.net/media/70368/tc-0689-26-tc-01-2025-0050.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Geographical indications and denominations of origin are protected under the industrial-property framework administered by the Oficina Nacional de la Propiedad Industrial (ONAPI). Law 20-00 provides actions against misuse of geographical indications and requires ONAPI to maintain a register of domestic denominations of origin; foreign denominations may be registered where a treaty or reciprocity allows. Registration requires the denomination, geographical area, products and essential qualities or characteristics.\nVerified spirit example: Ron Dominicano is registered as a denomination of origin, Registration No. 26, in international class 33 for alcoholic beverages, dated 18 November 2021 with indefinite validity. Its published conditions describe the Dominican geographical area and specified production stages. This example is not exhaustive.\nVerified wine, beer and cider protected names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.onapi.gov.do/index.php/signos-distintivos/marcas-y-nombres","https://www.onapi.gov.do/transparencia/index.php/base-legal/leyes?download=38%3Aley20-00","https://www.onapi.gov.do/transparencia/index.php/publicaciones-t/3516-boletines-de-registros-publicados-del-2020-al-2026/2160-publicaciones-2020-2022/1695-2021-pub/2029-noviembre-pub-2021?download=10730%3Apublicacion-30-de-noviembre-2021"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Dominicana. It states that it is part of the global GS1 network and assigns unique identification numbers that allow companies to identify products and services with barcodes. Its GTIN guidance describes the GTIN as a unique identity for trade items.","sources":["https://www.gs1.do/sobre-nosotros/gs1-dominicana/","https://www.gs1.do/estandares-gs1/identificacion/gtin/","https://www.gs1.do/estandares-gs1/codigo-de-barras/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Separate alcohol-specific wholesale/distribution licence for third-party wholesalers; independent business-to-business platform, broker and payment-intermediary permissions; distribution warehouse and municipal premises permissions for non-manufacturing wholesale; exact customs duty for a specified product and origin; free-zone or special-regime treatment for beverage alcohol; allergen labelling rules; wine-specific labelling particulars; current municipal or regional sale-hour overlays beyond national Ministry of Interior and Police rules; verified wine, beer and cider protected names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"jm","country":"Jamaica","address":"jm.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may import and trade beverage alcohol through the ordinary customs system, subject to commodity checks, any required permits, and activity-specific sale licences. Spirits are separately controlled by the Spirit Licence Act, while beer and wine sales are also linked to trade and business licensing. This classification reflects a licensed private-channel model rather than a state monopoly model.","sources":["https://laws.moj.gov.jm/library/statute/the-spirit-licence-act/download","https://jca.gov.jm/business/permit-licenses/","https://clarendonmc.gov.jm/property-tax-trade-license/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Importers must give accurate customs information and obtain any relevant permits, licences or certificates before goods arrive where required. Jamaica Customs Agency (JCA) describes a licence as authorising trade in a regulated commodity and a permit as permission to import or export a specific quantity; approved permit data moves through the Jamaica Single Window for Trade (JSWIFT) to the Automated System for Customs Data (ASYCUDA) World for clearance. Beer under tariff line 2203001010 is listed with National Compliance and Regulatory Authority (NCRA) import inspection. Current import inspection or permit measures for all wine and spirit tariff lines: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale and distribution: Spirits may not be sold by wholesale or retail in Jamaica except by persons licensed under the Spirit Licence Act or by their employees, and only according to the licence. The Act includes a wholesale spirit licence and retail, off-premise, tavern, hotel, special and club licence categories. Beer and wine premises are referenced as operating under the Licences on Trades and Business Act, with Spirit Licence Act inspection powers extended to them. Municipal trade-licence guidance says traders in consumable goods need a trade licence and that wine, beer and malt-liquor sellers require fitness certification. Current detailed beer, wine and cider wholesale licence boundaries: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Electronic contracting is recognised; an offer and acceptance may be expressed electronically, including through automated communications devices, subject to the Electronic Transactions Act. The online channel does not remove the underlying customs, inspection, trade-licence or spirit-licence requirements. Specific independent platform, broker, payment-intermediary and cross-border online alcohol-sale treatment: Not yet sourced.\nPremises and parish layer: Licensing Authorities are appointed in each parish for Spirit Licence Act licences, and premises fitness and neighbourhood factors can affect grant or renewal.","sources":["https://jca.gov.jm/business/permit-licenses/","https://jca.gov.jm/individual/ecommerce/obligations-of-importer/","https://jamaicatradeportal.gov.jm/en-gb/site/commodity/2203001010","https://www.jamaicatradeportal.gov.jm/en-gb/search-measure/view/1322","https://laws.moj.gov.jm/library/statute/the-spirit-licence-act/download","https://laws.moj.gov.jm/legislation/statutes/E/The%20Electronic%20Transactions%20Act_update.pdf","https://clarendonmc.gov.jm/property-tax-trade-license/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines; grape must other than heading 2009. Cider and other fermented beverages: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and sake, and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty framework: Jamaica Customs states that import duty is the duty payable on imported goods as specified in the Customs Tariff. The Jamaica Trade Information Portal commodity search states that tariff information can be searched by Harmonized System (HS) code or text and shows the base Most Favoured Nation (MFN) tariff and any preferential tariff applicable under trade agreements. The JCA Integrated Tariff publishes the tariff, taxes, fees and measures by full commodity code; four-digit headings alone do not establish the treatment of a shipment.\nTaxes and charges at import: JCA lists Import Duty, Additional Stamp Duty (ASD), General Consumption Tax (GCT), Special Consumption Tax (SCT), the Standard Compliance Fee, Environmental Levy and Customs Administrative Fee as possible import layers. JCA specifically identifies alcoholic beverages as subject to SCT and ASD. The General Consumption Tax Act defines beer and spirits for SCT purposes and refers to HS Chapter 22 explanatory notes for wines and other alcoholic beverages produced by fermentation.\nExcise structure: The Excise Duty Act defines beer by alcohol content and absolute alcohol as 100% alcohol by volume. The Integrated Tariff shows alcoholic beverage lines with SCT columns, including a litres-of-pure-alcohol basis on beverage alcohol lines, and separate treatment for certain non-beverage ethanol lines. Exact shipment calculation depends on the full tariff line, origin, end use and applicable measures.\nTerritorial treatment: The customs and tax sources state duties and taxes for goods imported into Jamaica, and the alcohol licensing statutes use Island-wide language. Special economic-zone, bonded-warehouse and other territorial exceptions for beverage alcohol: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://jca.gov.jm/business/duties-and-taxes/","https://jca.gov.jm/faq/where-can-i-find-a-breakdown-of-the-duties-and-taxes-payable-upon-importation-into-jamaica/","https://jamaicatradeportal.gov.jm/en-gb/site/display/23","https://jca.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/PRINTABLE-TARIFF-based-on-HS-2022-effective-May-1-2026.x37028.pdf","https://laws.moj.gov.jm/legislation/statutes/G/The%20General%20Consumption%20Tax%20Act.pdf","https://laws.moj.gov.jm/legislation/statutes/E/The%20Excise%20Duty%20Act_0.pdf"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Labels for Jamaica must be in English. The general pre-packaged-food standard requires mandatory information in the official language of the country in which the product is sold.\nLabel approval and import inspection: Bureau of Standards Jamaica (BSJ) guidance states that every label must be submitted to BSJ for approval. The Jamaica Trade Information Portal lists NCRA inspection for beer under the Standards (Labelling of Processed Food) Regulations, 1974.\nCore food particulars: Food labels must identify the food by common name, show net contents, and give the name and address of the manufacturer, packer, importer, vendor or responsible person as applicable. BSJ guidance also lists country of origin, ingredient listing, date mark, batch code, storage and precautionary statements among label requirements.\nAllergens and preservatives: The pre-packaged-food standard requires declaration of listed hypersensitivity ingredients, including cereals containing gluten, eggs, fish, milk, nuts, peanuts, soybeans and sulphite at 10 milligrams per kilogram or more. Food and Drugs Regulations require quantitative declaration of specified preservatives, including sulphurous acid and its salts where used.\nMandatory warnings: Product-dependent warnings apply, including artificial-sweetener and special dietary-use warnings. General mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength and wine particulars: Alcohol-strength declaration across all beverage alcohol, and wine-specific labelling particulars beyond the general food rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.bsj.org.jm/?p=2957","https://www.bsj.org.jm/sites/default/files/DCRS%205%20Labelling%20of%20foods%20-%20Prepackaged%20foods%20-%20Specification%2014-10-2018%20english.pdf","https://laws.moj.gov.jm/legislation/subsids/F/The%20Food%20and%20Drugs%20Act.pdf","https://jamaicatradeportal.gov.jm/en-gb/site/commodity/2203001010"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18 for ordinary alcohol sale and service. The Spirit Licence Act makes it an offence for a licence holder to serve, or permit to be served or sold, alcoholic liquor to a person under 18, and also prohibits employing a person under 18 to sell or assist in selling spirits on licensed premises. The Child Care and Protection Act defines a child as a person under 18 and prohibits establishments from selling or serving intoxicating liquor to a child.\nSale-hour limits: The Spirit Licence Act allows the Minister, by Gazette order, to prescribe the hours and days for keeping licensed premises open. A Superintendent may grant a special licence for a licensed retailer or tavern keeper to remain open on a special occasion, but not later than 02:00. Current ordinary sale-hour order: Not yet sourced.\nChannel and premises limits: Retail, off-premise, tavern, hotel and club rights depend on the licence type. Licensing Authorities operate by parish and can refuse applications on grounds including unfit premises, applicant character, police-control concerns, neighbourhood nuisance, sufficient existing premises or under-21 applicants.\nRegional and municipal layers: Parish-level licensing and municipal trade-licence administration are relevant. Detailed municipal overlays, wholesale-only hour treatment and event-specific local conditions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://laws.moj.gov.jm/library/statute/the-spirit-licence-act/download","https://laws.moj.gov.jm/legislation/statutes/C/The%20Child%20Care%20and%20Protection%20Act.pdf","https://clarendonmc.gov.jm/property-tax-trade-license/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Jamaica protects geographical indications under the Protection of Geographical Indications Act and the related regulations administered through the Jamaica Intellectual Property Office (JIPO). A geographical indication identifies a good as originating in a country, region or locality where a quality, reputation or other characteristic is essentially attributable to that geographical origin.\nVerified spirit protection: Jamaica Rum is a protected geographical indication registered on 2016-12-01 as GI/002. JIPO describes Jamaica Rum as made exclusively in Jamaica and made with filtered limestone water, copper pot stills or column stills with copper plates, and an age statement reflecting the youngest rum in the blend.\nRum origin and production rules: The 2024 JIPO rectification decision revised the Jamaica Rum register. The rectified rules limit fermenting agents to cultured and commercial yeasts of Saccharomyces types, Schizosaccharomyces species or naturally occurring environmental yeasts; prohibit genetically modified yeasts; allow locally grown bacterial and yeast cultures; require ageing to be carried out only in Jamaica; require ageing in approved food-grade wooden barrels not exceeding 250 litres; and allow no post-distillation additions except pure filtered water and cane sugar caramel for colour correction. A 24-month transitional certification period from the 2024-10-02 judgment applies to genuine aged and unaged rum stored overseas.\nVerified wine, beer and cider names: Additional protected wine, beer, cider or other spirit names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://laws.moj.gov.jm/library/statute/the-protection-of-geographical-indications-act","https://laws.moj.gov.jm/legislation/subsids/P/POGI%20Act.pdf","https://www.jipo.gov.jm/node/1282","https://www.jipo.gov.jm/sites/default/files/PDF_Files/Final%20judgement%2010-2-2024.pdf","https://www.jipo.gov.jm/sites/default/files/IPWeek2022/Feature%20Layout%20IP%20Week%202022_compressed.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1’s contact page states that GS1 is not present in this country. GS1 says any GS1 Member Organisation can help, and alternatively a barcode number can be obtained from GS1 Global Office.","sources":["https://www2.gs1.org/contact","https://support.gs1.org/support/solutions/articles/43000734133-there-is-no-gs1-member-organisation-in-my-country-how-can-i-apply-for-barcodes-","https://support.gs1.org/support/solutions/articles/43000734128-why-do-i-need-to-join-gs1-to-get-a-gs1-gtin-"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Current import inspection or permit measures for all wine and spirit tariff lines; detailed beer, wine and cider wholesale licence boundaries; independent online platform, broker, payment-intermediary and cross-border online alcohol-sale treatment; special economic-zone, bonded-warehouse and other territorial exceptions; general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; alcohol-strength declaration across all beverage alcohol; wine-specific labelling particulars; current ordinary sale-hour order; municipal overlays, wholesale-only hour treatment and event-specific local conditions; additional protected wine, beer, cider or other spirit names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"bb","country":"Barbados","address":"bb.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may trade beverage alcohol subject to activity-specific liquor licences and customs/excise controls. A person may not sell, keep, expose, solicit, receive or take orders for liquor without an appropriate licence. Licence classes include export, wholesale and retail. Excise licensing and Barbados Revenue Authority (BRA) tax administration apply to spirits, beer and other taxable goods.","sources":["https://www.barbadosparliament.com/uploads/sittings/attachments/1c5e5800223ca3e02d69f60be875fb9f.pdf","https://www.bra.gov.bb/About/Legislation-Regulations/Excise-Tax-Act-2015-32","https://bra.gov.bb/attachment?file=Attachments%2FExcise+Tax+Act%2C+2015-32.pdf&name=Excise+Tax+Act%2C+2015-32"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Importers need a Customs Registration Number (CRN) for the Single Administrative Document (SAD) used at import or export. Current customs notice requires CRN applicants to show registration with the Tax Administration Management Information System (TAMIS). Alcohol excise applies to taxable goods imported into Barbados; the importer pays or secures the excise before goods are entered for use. Separate alcohol-specific import permit beyond customs registration, excise and liquor licensing: Not yet sourced.\nWholesale and distribution: Any person selling liquor, keeping or exposing it for sale, or soliciting, receiving or taking orders must hold the appropriate licence. Classes include export, wholesale, retail, hotel, restaurant, seasonal, special-occasion, entertainment and members’ club licences. Export and wholesale liquor must be sold in sealed containers and not consumed on the premises. Wholesale dealers and retailers of spirits and wine, distillers, rectifiers, compounders, brewers of beer for sale and manufacturers use the excise licence route; the form states that trading without an excise licence is an offence.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The Electronic Transactions Act recognises offers and acceptances by electronic records. The liquor-licence trigger covers soliciting, receiving and taking orders for sale, so the online channel does not remove the need for the underlying seller licence. Independent marketplace, payment-intermediary and agency treatment: Not yet sourced.\nPremises: The Liquor Licensing Authority assesses premises suitability. Licensees remain responsible for laws on health conditions for persons serving food and drink and on building, sanitation and health facilities. Food-premises registration and local premises permissions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://asycuda.customs.gov.bb/index.jsf?source=digitalidentityindex.com","https://asycuda.customs.gov.bb/documents/APPLICATION%20CUSTOMS%20REGISTRATION%20NO.pdf","https://tamis.bra.gov.bb/","https://bra.gov.bb/attachment?file=Attachments%2FExcise+Tax+Act%2C+2015-32.pdf&name=Excise+Tax+Act%2C+2015-32","https://bra.gov.bb/attachment?file=Attachments%2FExcise+Tax+Regulations%2C+2016.pdf&name=Excise+Tax+Regulations%2C+2016","https://www.barbadosparliament.com/uploads/sittings/attachments/1c5e5800223ca3e02d69f60be875fb9f.pdf","https://www.barbadoslawcourts.gov.bb/assets/content/pdfs/statutes/ElectronicTransactionsCAP308B.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines; certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry and mead; mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Customs duties are levied on goods imported into Barbados or taken out of bond for consumption at the rates in Part I of the Customs Tariff. Goods are classified under the prescribed tariff classification, and Barbados Customs publishes an online tariff including Chapter 22. The Customs Act also refers to the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Common External Tariff and Community-origin treatment. The full commodity code, origin and applicable preference, suspension or exemption determine the result. Exact product-and-origin customs duty and other local charges: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: Excise tax applies to taxable goods produced in Barbados and removed from warehouse for local consumption, and to imported taxable goods. The regulations set excise rates by tariff heading and product: beer is split by container and alcoholic-strength bands; wine, grape must, vermouth, other fermented beverages, shandies, cider, perry and mead are separately listed; spirits include ethyl alcohol, rum and tafia, liqueurs, whisky, gin, vodka and mixed spirit beverages. Alcohol content is measured at 20 degrees Celsius and marked as “vol %”.\nTerritorial and suspension treatment: Customs and excise are national Barbados systems. Approved warehouses and bonds support storage, transfer and export before domestic duty-paid release. Duty-free zones are part of the customs territory but are treated, for import-duty and tax purposes, as outside the territory until clearance or export.","sources":["https://asycuda.customs.gov.bb/portal/services/tariff/chapter.jsf?c=22","https://barbadosfiu.gov.bb/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Customs-Act-2021-34.pdf","https://bra.gov.bb/attachment?file=Attachments%2FExcise+Tax+Act%2C+2015-32.pdf&name=Excise+Tax+Act%2C+2015-32","https://bra.gov.bb/attachment?file=Attachments%2FExcise+Tax+Regulations%2C+2016.pdf&name=Excise+Tax+Regulations%2C+2016"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Labels on commodities and pre-packaged products must be in English, though English need not be the only language used. Government guidance states that Barbados National Standard (BNS) 5 Part 1 and BNS 5 Part 2 govern general commodity and pre-packaged-goods labelling, and that information must be clear, prominent and legible.\nGeneral mandatory particulars: Product labels declare the common name, responsible manufacturer, packer, distributor, importer, exporter or vendor as applicable, country of origin, metric net contents, main ingredients or components, lot or batch identification, date of minimum durability and storage or use instructions.\nAlcohol strength: Excise Tax Regulations require the volume and alcohol content of a taxable good to be expressed as a percentage of total volume at 20 degrees Celsius and the alcoholic content to be marked with “vol %”.\nOrigin: Country of origin is declared. Where processing in a second country changes the product’s nature, the processing country is declared as origin for labelling.\nMandatory warnings: General alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAllergens: Allergen-specific declaration rules for alcoholic beverages: Not yet sourced.\nWine particulars: Wine-specific label particulars beyond the general food and commodity rules: Not yet sourced.\nLabel registration: Prior label approval or label registration for beer, wine, cider or spirits: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.barbadoslawcourts.gov.bb/assets/content/pdfs/statutes/StandardsCAP326A.pdf","https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/statement-from-the-ministry-of-commerce-on-conforming-to-national-labelling-standards/","https://bra.gov.bb/attachment?file=Attachments%2FExcise+Tax+Regulations%2C+2016.pdf&name=Excise+Tax+Regulations%2C+2016"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase and supply age: 18. The Liquor Licences Act defines a minor by reference to the age of majority, which is 18. No licensee or other person may sell or supply liquor to a minor. It is a defence to prove reasonable belief that the minor was 18 or older. Persons under 18 may not be employed in connection with the sale or supply of liquor at an establishment.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Export and wholesale licences are sealed-container, no-consumption-on-premises channels. The Liquor Licensing Authority may impose time-of-serving conditions on retail, seasonal or special-occasion licences. Special-occasion licences cover events of no more than 24 hours; seasonal licences cover events over a period not exceeding 3 months. Government guidance describes special-occasion licences for alcohol sale of 24 hours or less and seasonal licences for a 90-day period. General ordinary trading hours beyond individual licence conditions: Not yet sourced.\nRegional layers: The Act establishes a national Liquor Licensing Authority. Parish or local restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.barbadosparliament.com/uploads/sittings/attachments/1c5e5800223ca3e02d69f60be875fb9f.pdf","https://liquorlicence.gov.bb/","https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/apply-online-for-liquor-licences/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The Corporate Affairs and Intellectual Property Office (CAIPO) administers the Geographical Indications Act, Cap. 320. A geographical indication (GI) identifies goods from a country, region or locality where a quality, reputation or other characteristic is essentially attributable to origin. The Act protects GIs whether registered or not, prohibits misleading origin indications, and gives specific wine-and-spirit protection against using a GI for products not from the indicated place, even with true-origin, translation or kind, type, style or imitation wording. Registration gives a presumption and the right of use only to qualifying producers in the registered area for products possessing the specified quality, reputation or characteristic.\nRum protection: The Barbados National Standards Institution (BNSI) lists BNS 140:2005 Rum as a compulsory Barbados National Standard. The official standards catalogue identifies the standard for rum; another official catalogue entry describes it as prescribing requirements and methods of sampling and analysis. This is a rum product standard, not an officially sourced Barbados Rum GI.\nRum origin rules: Registered Barbados Rum GI product specification and origin rules under a registered GI: Not yet sourced.\nVerified wine, beer and spirit GI examples: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.caipo.gov.bb/intellectual-prop/geographical-indications/","https://caipo.gov.bb/legislation/","https://caipo.gov.bb/shared/assets/documents/legislation/30.-Geographical-Indication-Act-320.pdf","https://bnsibarbados.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Catalogue-2025-Vol-1.pdf","https://bnsibarbados.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Catalogue-2022.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) authority: GS1 is not present in Barbados. GS1 says businesses in a country with no GS1 member organisation may use any GS1 member organisation, and GS1 Global Office may exceptionally allocate prefixes.","sources":["https://www2.gs1.org/contact","https://support.gs1.org/support/solutions/articles/43000734133-there-is-no-gs1-member-organisation-in-my-country-how-can-i-apply-for-barcodes-"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Separate alcohol-specific import permit beyond customs registration, excise and liquor licensing; independent marketplace, payment-intermediary and agency treatment; food-premises registration and local premises permissions; exact product-and-origin customs duty and other local charges; general alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; allergen-specific declaration rules for alcoholic beverages; wine-specific label particulars beyond the general food and commodity rules; prior label approval or label registration for beer, wine, cider or spirits; general ordinary trading hours beyond individual licence conditions; parish or local restrictions; registered Barbados Rum GI product specification and origin rules under a registered GI; verified wine, beer and spirit GI examples: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"tt","country":"Trinidad and Tobago","address":"tt.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators trade in beverage alcohol through a national liquor-licensing system. Importation is handled through Customs and Excise clearance, and sale or distribution requires the appropriate liquor licence for the premises and product range. Spirit and wine licences have different privileges, with spirit licences extending to intoxicating liquor and wine licences extending to beer.","sources":["https://www.finance.gov.tt/services/customs-and-excise/applying-for-a-licence-to-sell-intoxicating-liquor/","https://agla.gov.tt/downloads/laws/84.10.pdf","https://www.finance.gov.tt/services/customs-and-excise/importing-and-exporting/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Commercial importers use Customs and Excise clearance and must use a customs broker for commercial goods. The import file normally includes the customs declaration, supplier invoice, transport document, Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Area Invoice where applicable, certificate of origin, and any import licence if the item is on the import negative list. Customs notices require import/export declarations to use the Board of Inland Revenue (BIR) number and, where applicable, the Value Added Tax (VAT) number.\nWholesale and distribution: Any person or business place wishing to sell intoxicating liquor needs a liquor licence. Spirit retailer and wine retailer licences allow sale in any quantity for on- or off-premises consumption. Spirit grocer licences cover bottled off-premises sale. Spirit dealer licences cover off-premises trade in larger quantities, including rum made in Trinidad and Tobago and imported spirits in original unbroken packages. Wine merchant licences cover wine or beer only for off-premises sale in minimum quantities. Food premises used to store, offer or sell food for human consumption require annual public-health registration.\nManufacture and bonded spirits handling: Distilling spirits requires a distiller’s licence; spirits and compounds may be warehoused and released for consumption only after the required excise treatment and permits.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Electronic offers, acceptances and electronic contracts are recognised under the Electronic Transactions Act where the Act applies. The online channel does not replace the underlying customs, food-premises and liquor-licence requirements. Platform, broker and payment-intermediary treatment for alcohol-only B2B marketplaces: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.finance.gov.tt/services/customs-and-excise/importing-and-exporting/","https://ns2.customs.gov.tt/content/Notice%20To%20Importers_19_08_2025_22_57_06.pdf","https://www.finance.gov.tt/services/customs-and-excise/applying-for-a-licence-to-sell-intoxicating-liquor/","https://agla.gov.tt/downloads/laws/84.10.pdf","https://health.gov.tt/sites/default/files/2025-08/Guidelines%20for%20Registration%20of%20Food%20Premises.pdf","https://www.finance.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/The-Spirits-and-Spirit-Compounds-Act.pdf","https://agla.gov.tt/downloads/laws/22.05.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages and mixtures, which is the likely heading for cider. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below the high-strength threshold; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Trinidad and Tobago publishes its customs tariff in the First Schedule to the Customs Act through the Customs (Common External Tariff) Order. Legal Notice No. 218 of 2024 replaced the schedule from 2025-01-01, and later amendment orders can change particular lines. Payable duty depends on the full commodity code, origin, preference, suspensions or variations, and import documents; a four-digit heading alone is not enough.\nExcise: Alcoholic-beverage excise is set under the Excise (General Provisions) Act by the Excise Duty (Alcoholic Beverages) Order and amendments. Beer, stout and malt beverages are structured by volume and original gravity. Wine lines are structured by volume. Rum and other spirits obtained from sugar-cane products, and other spirits such as brandy, vodka, liqueurs and cordials, are structured by litres of alcohol by volume and adjusted for strength. Spirits in warehouse require duty payment and permits before delivery for consumption.\nTerritorial treatment: The customs and excise sources are national Republic of Trinidad and Tobago instruments, and Customs and Excise operates clearance locations in both Trinidad and Tobago. Separate Tobago alcohol customs or excise rates: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.finance.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/The-Customs-Act.pdf","https://printery.gov.tt/e-gazette/2024/Legal%20Notices/Legal%20Notice%20No.%20218-Customs%20%28Common%20External%20Tariff%29%20Order%2C%202024.pdf","https://www.finance.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Legal_Notice_No._386_of_2025-1.pdf","https://www.finance.gov.tt/services/customs-and-excise/importing-and-exporting/","https://printery.gov.tt/e-gazette/2025/Legal%20Notices/Legal_Notice_No._376_of_2025.pdf","https://www.finance.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Legal_Notice_No._384_of_2025-1.pdf","https://printery.gov.tt/e-gazette/2025/Legal%20Notices/Legal_Notice_No._408_of_2025.pdf","https://www.finance.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/The-Spirits-and-Spirit-Compounds-Act.pdf","https://ns1.customs.gov.tt/about-us/contact-us"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Food-label declarations required by the Food and Drugs Regulations must be in English. Alcoholic beverage common names associated with a country or locality may be in another language, but must be printed in the English alphabet with accent marks where appropriate.\nMandatory warnings: A general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning for beer, wine, spirits and cider: Not yet sourced. Brewery-product labels may state a warning on the effects of alcohol on health or safety, but the regulation frames this as optional. Product-dependent statements apply where the food rules require them, including specified non-nutritive sweetener statements.\nAlcohol strength: A beverage containing more than 1.0% alcohol by volume must state alcoholic strength on the main panel, using alcohol by volume, degrees Gay-Lussac, proof spirit or another authorised term. Brewery products for retail sale must state alcoholic strength by volume.\nAllergens: A mandatory alcohol allergen declaration regime, including sulphites, milk or egg residues: Not yet sourced. General food labels require ingredient lists unless an exemption applies; alcoholic beverages are listed among foods for which a list of ingredients is not required under the cited provision.\nOrigin and responsible business: Brewery products for retail sale state manufacturer details, country of origin, importer or distributor if any, alcoholic strength and net contents. Bulk brewery packages state common name, brand or trade name, manufacturer and preparer details, average net contents, origin for imported or exported products, importer or distributor if any, and date mark.\nWine particulars: “Wine” is reserved for undistilled fermented alcoholic beverages from fresh or preserved grapes. Fruit, flower, leaf, grain or other botanical wine must be named by the relevant substance. Non-alcoholic wine is limited by the prescribed alcohol threshold.\nLabel registration: Routine pre-market alcohol label registration or approval for imported alcoholic beverages: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://agla.gov.tt/downloads/laws/30.01.pdf","https://health.gov.tt/sites/default/files/2025-03/Food%20and%20Drug%20Inspectorate%202.pdf","https://health.gov.tt/services/chemistry-food-and-drugs-division"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. The Ministry of Finance guidance states that intoxicating liquor may only be sold to persons 18 years of age and older. The Liquor Licences Act also disqualifies a person apparently under 18 from being granted or transferred a licence unless that person proves the required age.\nSale-hour and channel limits: The Ministry of Finance describes spirit retailer, wine retailer, spirit grocer, spirit dealer, hotel, restaurant and night-bar categories as operating at any time of day or night within the licence privileges. The parliamentary record for the Shop (Opening Hours) (Amendment) Order states that shops operated under specified liquor licences may open for liquor sale or supply at any time on any day, including public holidays. Occasional and special licences can have event-specific quantity, manner, day and hour conditions.\nRegional layers: Liquor licensing is administered by licensing districts and licensing committees. Tobago is a licensing district with its own published licensing sessions, but separate Tobago purchase-age or ordinary sale-hour rules: Not yet sourced. Municipal or local dry-area restrictions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.finance.gov.tt/services/customs-and-excise/applying-for-a-licence-to-sell-intoxicating-liquor/","https://agla.gov.tt/downloads/laws/84.10.pdf","https://www.ttparliament.org/motions/approve-the-shop-opening-hoursamendment-order-1996/","https://www.ttlawcourts.org/media-releases-and-statments/public-notice-licensing-session-tobago-14082026"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The Geographical Indications Act protects indications identifying goods as originating in a country, region or locality where a quality, reputation or other characteristic is essentially attributable to geographical origin. Protection is available even without registration, while registration creates a presumption and restricts use of a registered indication to producers in the registered area whose goods have the registered qualities.\nRum and spirits: For spirits, a geographical indication may not be used for spirits not originating in the indicated place, even if the true origin is shown or the name is translated or accompanied by terms such as “kind”, “type”, “style” or “imitation”. Trade marks for spirits containing or consisting of a spirits geographical indication must be refused or invalidated for spirits not having that origin. Food rules also restrict alcoholic names associated with a country or locality and require true country or locality origin wording where a protected origin-type common name is used for a product made elsewhere. The common name “rum” cannot be applied below the prescribed proof threshold. The Spirits and Spirit Compounds Act recognises rum made in Trinidad and Tobago as a domestic spirits category and distinguishes it from compounded spirits where it is cured or otherwise treated within the allowed obscuration limit.\nVerified registered domestic rum geographical indication: Not yet sourced. Verified registered wine, spirit or beer geographical indications in Trinidad and Tobago: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://ipo.gov.tt/downloads/Geographical_Indications/Geographical_Indications_Act.pdf","https://ttconnect.gov.tt/geographical-indications/","https://agla.gov.tt/downloads/laws/30.01.pdf","https://www.finance.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/The-Spirits-and-Spirit-Compounds-Act.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) authority: GS1’s contact page indicates that GS1 is not present in Trinidad and Tobago. A business may contact any GS1 Member Organisation or obtain a barcode number from GS1 Global Office.","sources":["https://www2.gs1.org/contact","https://gs1go.freshdesk.com/support/solutions/articles/43000734133-there-is-no-gs1-member-organisation-in-my-country-how-can-i-apply-for-barcodes-"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Platform, broker and payment-intermediary treatment for alcohol-only B2B marketplaces; separate Tobago alcohol customs or excise rates; general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; mandatory alcohol allergen declaration regime; routine imported alcohol label registration or approval; separate Tobago purchase-age or ordinary sale-hour rules; municipal or local dry-area restrictions; verified registered domestic rum geographical indication; verified registered wine, spirit or beer geographical indications in Trinidad and Tobago: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"jp","country":"Japan","address":"jp.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://jp-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may import, wholesale, distribute and sell alcoholic beverages where they hold the relevant liquor-sales licence and comply with imported-food and customs procedures. The channel model is licence-based rather than monopoly-based: the National Tax Agency licensing categories distinguish retail, wholesale, export/import wholesale, and sale agency or mediation activities.","sources":["https://www.nta.go.jp/law/tsutatsu/kihon/sake/2-05.htm","https://www.nta.go.jp/law/tsutatsu/kihon/sake/2-06.htm","https://www.customs.go.jp/english/c-answer_e/kojin/3105_e.htm","https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/shokuhin/yunyu_kanshi/kanshi/index_00004.html"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Alcoholic beverages imported for sale require a food import notification to the quarantine station for each import under the Food Sanitation Act procedure. Japan Customs also states that a person importing alcoholic beverages for sale must obtain a liquor-sales licence under the Liquor Tax Act.\nWholesale and distribution: A continuing sale of liquor is licensed whether or not the seller seeks profit and whether buyers are specified or unspecified. Wholesale licences cover sales to liquor sellers or manufacturers. Categories include all-liquor wholesale, beer wholesale, western-liquor wholesale, store-delivery wholesale, co-operative-member wholesale and export/import wholesale. The export/import wholesale licence is for liquor exported or imported by the licensee; wholesale of liquor imported by another person may require the applicable product-category wholesale licence.\nPremises and intermediaries: A sales licence is tied to the sales place. If contracts, payments or delivery are repeatedly handled at another specific place, that place can require its own licence. Continuing agency or mediation of liquor sales is also a licensed activity.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The online channel does not replace the underlying sale, agency or mediation licence. Specific independent online platform, broker, payment-intermediary and off-site fulfilment treatment for B2B-only models: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/shokuhin/yunyu_kanshi/kanshi/index_00004.html","https://www.customs.go.jp/english/c-answer_e/kojin/3105_e.htm","https://www.nta.go.jp/law/tsutatsu/kihon/sake/2-05.htm","https://www.nta.go.jp/law/tsutatsu/kihon/sake/2-06.htm","https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/sake/menkyo/tebiki/oroshiuri/pdf/01.pdf","https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/sake/menkyo/tebiki/8285.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: 2203: beer made from malt. 2204: wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine, and grape must other than heading 20.09. 2206: other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and sake, and qualifying mixtures. 2208: undenatured ethyl alcohol of alcoholic strength under 80% by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Japan Customs publishes Japan’s Tariff Schedule, Statistical Code for Import; the current English schedule page lists Chapter 22 and the dated tariff table, with statutory rates and economic-partnership columns. Use the full statistical code, origin, preference and any applicable customs measure. A four-digit heading alone does not determine the payable duty, and Japan Customs states that the English schedule is for reference with statutory Japanese publications controlling.\nExcise: Liquor tax is separate from customs duty. The National Tax Agency rate tables divide alcohol into sparkling liquors, brewed liquors, distilled liquors and mixed liquors, with product categories such as beer, fruit wine, whisky, spirits and liqueur and with strength-based bands for specified categories. Imports can also attract liquor tax at import collection.\nTerritorial treatment: The cited tariff is a Japan Customs national schedule. Separate customs or liquor-tax territorial treatment for Okinawa, remote islands or free-zone movements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.customs.go.jp/english/tariff/","https://www.customs.go.jp/english/tariff/2026_10_31/index.htm","https://www.customs.go.jp/english/tariff/2026_10_31/data/e_22.htm","https://www.customs.go.jp/english/c-answer_e/kojin/3105_e.htm","https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/sake/shiori-gaikyo/shiori/2025/pdf/0011-3.pdf","https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/328AC0000000006"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Food products sold in Japan must have Japanese food labelling on their containers and packaging. Mandatory information must be labelled in Japanese. Liquor-specific display rules also require Japanese characters for specified statements.\nMandatory warnings: Liquor containers and packaging must show, in Japanese, that drinking by persons under 20 is prohibited by law. The display can be omitted for products used exclusively for delivery to bars, restaurants and similar premises, for contents of 50 millilitres or less, and for products clearly used as seasonings or medicines. General pregnancy or alcohol-health warning beyond the under-20 statement: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Liquor display obligations include the operator details, manufacturing or withdrawal place, contents, liquor item, alcohol content, and, for specified sparkling and miscellaneous categories, the applicable tax-category statements.\nAllergens: Alcoholic beverages are outside the food-allergen labelling obligation; the Consumer Affairs Agency handbook states that liquor, including alcohol used in food manufacturing, is not subject to mandatory allergen display.\nOrigin: Imported food labels must include country of origin and importer details. Imported wine must show the country of origin under the fruit-wine labelling check sheet.\nWine particulars: The National Tax Agency wine rules distinguish Japanese wine, domestically made wine and imported wine. Japanese wine is made in Japan only from domestic grapes. Grape variety, harvest year and geographical expressions for Japanese wine depend on the prescribed composition tests, including the 85% thresholds. Domestically made wine using imported wine or concentrated juice must display that use on the front label.\nLabel registration: Prior label registration or pre-approval for ordinary imported alcoholic beverages: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/food_labeling/information/pamphlets/assets/food_labeling_cms203_260511_01.pdf","https://www.caa.go.jp/en/about_us/booklet/assets/pamphlet_en_2026_0010.pdf","https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/food_labeling/food_sanitation/allergy/assets/food_labeling_cms204_260401_02.pdf","https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/sake/menkyo/tebiki/0022003-177_01.pdf","https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/sake/shiori-gaikyo/shiori/2024/pdf/0017.pdf","https://www.nta.go.jp/publication/pamph/winelabel.pdf","https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/sake/qa/11/pdf/031.pdf","https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/328CO0000000028"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase and drinking age: 20. The National Tax Agency states that, although the civil-law adulthood age was lowered to 18 from 2022-04, the alcohol age limit remains 20. The under-20 drinking law prohibits sellers and food-service operators from selling or supplying alcohol where they know it will be drunk by a person under 20, and requires age-confirmation and other necessary measures.\nSale-hour and channel limits: The under-20 display standards require retail alcohol display areas to state that the operator will not sell where age 20 or over cannot be confirmed. For internet and other distance sales, the advertising medium, order screen or form, and delivery document or electronic notice must include the under-20 prohibition or no-sale statement, and the order route must collect or confirm age information.\nRegional layers: National sale-hour limits and prefectural or municipal sale-hour rules: Not yet sourced. Detailed wholesale-only delivery-hour rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/211AC1000000020?occasion_date=20260612","https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/sake/menkyo/tebiki/0022003-177_01.pdf","https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/sake/menkyo/tebiki/8285.pdf","https://www.nta.go.jp/publication/pamph/koho/campaign/r8/Apr/05.htm"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The National Tax Agency lists geographical indications designated by the Commissioner of the National Tax Agency and liquor geographical indications mutually protected through international agreements. Use depends on the registered name, category, geographical area and product specification.\nVerified wine examples: Yamanashi, Yamagata, Hokkaido, Osaka and Nagano are Japan-designated wine geographical indications. Foreign wine names protected in Japan under the European Union (EU)-Japan agreement include Champagne, Chablis and Bordeaux. These examples are not exhaustive.\nVerified spirit examples: Iki, Kuma, Ryukyu, Satsuma and Tokyo Shimazake/Tokyo Island Shochu are Japan-designated spirit geographical indications. Japan also protects foreign spirit names including Tequila through the Mexico agreement, Cognac through the EU-Japan agreement, and Bourbon Whisky and Tennessee Whisky through the United States exchange.\nVerified beer names: The EU-Japan list includes beer-related protected names such as Budějovické pivo, České pivo, Bayerisches Bier and Münchener Bier, categorised by the Japanese list under other kinds of liquor.","sources":["https://www.nta.go.jp/english/taxes/liquor_administration/geographical/02.htm","https://www.nta.go.jp/english/taxes/liquor_administration/geographical/pdf/02.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Japan, operated by the Distribution Systems Research Institute. Its guidance states that the product’s brand owner applies to GS1 Japan for a GS1 company code and assigns GTINs to products.","sources":["https://www.gs1jp.org/code/jan/procedure.html","https://www.gs1jp.org/standard/identify/gtin/introduction.html"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Specific independent online platform, broker, payment-intermediary and off-site fulfilment treatment for B2B-only models; separate customs or liquor-tax territorial treatment for Okinawa, remote islands or free-zone movements; prior label registration or pre-approval for ordinary imported alcoholic beverages; general pregnancy or alcohol-health warning beyond the under-20 statement; national sale-hour limits and prefectural or municipal sale-hour rules; detailed wholesale-only delivery-hour rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"kr","country":"South Korea","address":"kr.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://kr-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators can trade alcoholic beverages only within the liquor sales licence or deemed-licence route that applies to their premises and activity. Importers also fall within the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) imported-food controls before customs clearance. This classification reflects a private licensed channel rather than an official retail monopoly.","sources":["https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsLinkCommonInfo.do?chrClsCd=010202&lsJoLnkSeq=1033765629","https://law.go.kr/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulId=21094&efYd=0","https://www.mfds.go.kr/mfds/eng/html/sub01/MFDS-DE01-10-02-L0001.jsp"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: A business importing and selling imported food, including alcoholic beverages, must register with MFDS. Overseas manufacturing facilities must be registered before import declaration, and MFDS import declaration and inspection apply before customs clearance. A liquor importer also needs the liquor sales licence route that permits direct import and onward sale within the scope attached to the licence.\nWholesale and distribution: A liquor sales business, including sales brokerage and on-premise supply, is licensed per place of sale by the competent tax office unless a deemed-licence 신고 route applies. National Tax Service rules describe comprehensive liquor wholesalers as buying directly from manufacturers or importers and selling to retailers or deemed sellers. Liquor importers import foreign liquor directly and may sell to authorised wholesale, broker, retail and deemed-retail channels as designated. Import-specialist wholesalers buy imported liquor from importers and sell to retailers or deemed sellers.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Telecommunication sale is separately controlled under National Tax Service notices. The sourced notices cover permitted communication-sale routes, especially traditional liquor and approved record-keeping channels; they do not by themselves establish an open B2B platform route for ordinary imported beer, wine, spirits or cider. Specific B2B-only online platform, broker and payment treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsLinkCommonInfo.do?chrClsCd=010202&lsJoLnkSeq=1033765629","https://law.go.kr/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulId=21094&efYd=0","https://www.mfds.go.kr/mfds/eng/html/sub01/MFDS-DE01-10-02-L0001.jsp","https://law.go.kr/LSW/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulId=21177&efYd=0","https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulSeq=2100000252520","https://taxlaw.nts.go.kr/qt/USEQTA002P.do?ntstDcmId=200000000000003441"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine, and grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages; Korea Customs Service (KCS) lines include apple wine/cider under this heading. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below the heading threshold, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Use the KCS tariff database and the full ten-digit Harmonized System of Korea (HSK) commodity code. Customs duty depends on classification, origin and any applicable free trade agreement preference or other tariff measure. The four-digit heading is not enough to determine the payable duty.\nExcise: Liquor tax applies to alcoholic beverages. The person importing liquor who is liable to pay customs duty is also the liquor-tax taxpayer. Beer, takju and neutral spirits use quantity-based tax bases, while wine/fruit wine, yakju, cheongju, spirits and other liquor categories use price/ad valorem categories under the Liquor Tax Act. Beer has a specific volume basis and a temporary draught-container relief for qualifying imports declared by 2026-12-31. No money amounts are stated here.\nTerritorial treatment: The official tariff and liquor-tax sources reviewed are national. Special territorial, free-zone or duty-free alcohol treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://unipass.customs.go.kr/clip/hsinfosrch/openULS0201007Q.do","https://www.customs.go.kr/english/ad/ct/CustomsTariffList.do","https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsSideInfoP.do?docCls=jo&joBrNo=00&joNo=0007&lsiSeq=267559&urlMode=lsScJoRltInfoR","https://law.go.kr/lsLinkCommonInfo.do?lsJoLnkSeq=1031842691","https://www.law.go.kr/lsSc.do?query=%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%B8%EB%B2%95"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory food information is in Korean. Chinese characters or foreign languages may be combined or written alongside Korean, subject to the Food Labelling Standards; imported foods, registered trademarks and alcoholic beverage product names have specific presentation flexibility.\nMandatory warnings: Alcoholic beverage sales containers must bear the health warning wording determined under the National Health Promotion Act framework. The law also adds drunk-driving warning wording and a graphic for alcoholic beverages released from a manufacturing place or import-declared after 2026-03-19.\nAlcohol strength: Alcoholic beverages must state ethanol or alcohol content.\nAllergens: General food allergen rules require declaration of listed allergenic ingredients, including sulphites above the prescribed sulphur dioxide threshold. The standards contain a special omission rule for neutral spirits and distilled liquors, but post-distillation ingredients and additives still need product-level review.\nOrigin: Imported goods that are origin-marking targets must show origin under the Foreign Trade Act. KCS guidance allows country-of-origin marking in Korean, including Chinese characters, or English.\nWine particulars: Korean alcohol labelling rules treat grape wine within fruit wine; fruit wines may be described by raw material, grape wine may be described by colour, and carbon dioxide content must be indicated when present. Additional wine-specific label particulars beyond the sourced fruit-wine rules: Not yet sourced.\nLabel registration: Imported alcoholic beverages are handled through MFDS imported-food declaration and inspection, and inspection can consider labelling and packaging. Separate beer/wine/spirits/cider label registration or pre-approval number: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.law.go.kr/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulSeq=2100000258070","https://www.law.go.kr/admRulSc.do?menuId=5&query=%EC%8B%9D%ED%92%88%EB%93%B1%EC%9D%98+%ED%91%9C%EC%8B%9C%EA%B8%B0%EC%A4%80&subMenuId=41&tabMenuId=183","https://www.mfds.go.kr/eng/wpge/m_14/contents.do","https://law.go.kr/LSW/lsRvsRsnListP.do?chrClsCd=010202&lsId=000223&lsRvsGubun=all","https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsLinkCommonInfo.do?lspttninfSeq=69767","https://law.go.kr/lsLinkCommonInfo.do?chrClsCd=010202&lsJoLnkSeq=1013515129","https://customs.go.kr/kcs_english/cm/cntnts/cntntsView.do?cntntsId=2758&mi=8087","https://www.mfds.go.kr/mfds/eng/html/sub01/MFDS-DE01-10-02-L0001.jsp"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: Alcohol may not be sold, lent, distributed or provided free of charge to juveniles. A juvenile is a person under 19, excluding a person for whom 1 January of the year in which they turn 19 has arrived.\nAge checks and notices: A person selling drugs and articles harmful to juveniles, including alcoholic beverages, must verify age and identity. Retail alcohol businesses must display the prohibition on sale, lending or distribution to juveniles in the business establishment, including automatic or unmanned vending equipment where applicable.\nSale-hour and channel limits: National sale-hour limits for ordinary licensed wholesale or retail: Not yet sourced.\nRegional layers: Local governments may designate no-drinking zones by ordinance for places where many people gather or pass. These are consumption-place controls and do not establish a sourced wholesale trading-hour rule. Detailed municipal sale-hour or dry-area rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.law.go.kr/lsLinkCommonInfo.do?chrClsCd=010202&lsJoLnkSeq=1032690601","https://law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=201173&urlMode=engLsInfoR&viewCls=engLsInfoR","https://law.go.kr/LSW/lsLinkCommonInfo.do?ancYnChk=&chrClsCd=010202&lsJoLnkSeq=1019358771"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Domestic geographical indications for traditional liquors use the Traditional Liquor Industry Promotion Act, with the geographical-indication registration system applying by reference to the Agricultural and Fishery Products Quality Control Act. Korea’s free trade agreements also protect listed geographical indications for agricultural products, foodstuffs, wine, aromatised wine and spirits, with use tied to the applicable specification.\nVerified examples: Jindo Hongju, Gochang Bokbunja wine and Seocheon Sogokju appear in official domestic geographical-indication status materials. Champagne and Bordeaux are official wine examples in Korea-European Union materials, and Cognac and Scotch Whisky are official spirit examples or listed protected names. These examples are not exhaustive. Protected beer-name example: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=212197","https://www.mafra.go.kr/bbs/mafra/68/251299/download.do","https://www.fta.go.kr/webmodule/_PSD_FTA/eu/doc/eng/k_eu_10_eng.pdf","https://www.fta.go.kr/webmodule/_PSD_FTA/eu/doc/1_description.pdf","https://www.fta.go.kr/webmodule/_PSD_FTA/uk/2/eng/43%20Annex%2010-B_eng.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Korea, operated by the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry Distribution & Logistics Promotion Institute. It acts as Korea’s GS1 representative institution and issues GS1 distribution-standard codes/GTINs.","sources":["https://m.gs1kr.org/front/info/appl/summary.asp","https://www.gs1kr.org/front/board/appl/member.asp"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Specific B2B-only online platform, broker and payment treatment; special territorial, free-zone or duty-free alcohol treatment; additional wine-specific label particulars beyond the sourced fruit-wine rules; separate beer/wine/spirits/cider label registration or pre-approval number; national sale-hour limits for ordinary licensed wholesale or retail; detailed municipal sale-hour or dry-area rules; protected beer-name example: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"au","country":"Australia","address":"au.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://au-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators can import beverage alcohol without a general Australian import licence, but imported goods still require customs clearance, food compliance and payment of applicable duty or taxes. Sale, wholesale, distribution and delivery are licensed or registered under state and territory liquor laws, so a federal customs clearance does not by itself authorise domestic alcohol trading.","sources":["https://www.abf.gov.au/imports/Pages/How-to-import/Requirements.aspx","https://www.abf.gov.au/imports/Pages/How-to-import/Import-declarations.aspx","https://www.nsw.gov.au/business-and-economy/liquor-and-gaming/liquor-licensing/licence-types/producer-wholesaler","https://www.vic.gov.au/check-you-need-liquor-licence","https://nt.gov.au/industry/liquor/sell-supply-serve/licence-or-registration"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: The Australian Border Force (ABF) states that importers do not need a general import licence to import goods into Australia. Alcohol imports require the correct customs declaration route, tariff classification, quantity, value, transport and insurance information so that duty and taxes can be calculated. Imported food for sale must comply with the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code, country-of-origin labelling and biosecurity/imported-food controls. Commercial imports of brandy, whisky and rum need maturation evidence before release from customs control.\nWholesale and distribution: State and territory liquor authorisations control sale and supply after import. New South Wales uses a producer/wholesaler licence; wholesalers are limited to wholesale customers holding liquor authority. Victoria requires a liquor licence or permit for wholesale supply and has a pre-retail licence for wholesale to other licensees. Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory each provide their own liquor licence route for sale or supply. The Northern Territory requires registration for wholesale supply.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Electronic ordering does not remove the underlying licence or registration requirement. New South Wales treats the licensed premises for an online wholesale-only application as the place where orders are processed, while storage may be separate. South Australia recognises direct sales transactions such as online or post under specified licence categories. Detailed independent online marketplace, broker and payment-intermediary treatment across all states and territories: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.abf.gov.au/imports/Pages/How-to-import/Requirements.aspx","https://www.abf.gov.au/imports/Pages/How-to-import/Import-declarations.aspx","https://www.agriculture.gov.au/import/goods/food/how","https://www.abf.gov.au/help-and-support-subsite/CustomsNotices/2024-11.pdf","https://www.nsw.gov.au/business-and-economy/liquor-and-gaming/liquor-licensing/licence-types/producer-wholesaler","https://www.vic.gov.au/check-you-need-liquor-licence","https://www.vic.gov.au/apply-pre-retail-liquor-licence","https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/hospitality-tourism-sport/liquor-gaming/liquor/licensing/licences-permits/types","https://www.wa.gov.au/organisation/racing-gaming-and-liquor/liquor-applications","https://www.sa.gov.au/topics/business-and-trade/liquor/apply/production-and-sales","https://www.treasury.tas.gov.au/liquor-and-gaming/liquor/licences","https://nt.gov.au/industry/liquor/sell-supply-serve/liquor-registrations","https://www.accesscanberra.act.gov.au/business-and-work/hospitality-liquor-and-gaming/liquor-licences"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203, beer made from malt. Wine: 2204, wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must. Cider: normally 2206 as another fermented beverage, subject to detailed composition. Spirits: 2208, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages; certain undenatured ethyl alcohol.\nImport duty: The ABF publishes the current working tariff and Chapter 22 classification. The payable result depends on the full tariff subheading, origin, preference claim, concession and any excise-equivalent component. Alcohol can require duty and taxes even where a low-value concession would apply to many other goods.\nExcise and Wine Equalisation Tax (WET): Beer, spirits and other excisable beverages made in Australia are excisable alcohol products administered by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). Imported alcohol that would be excisable if made in Australia is an excise-equivalent good and is generally charged equivalent customs duty. Wine is subject to WET rather than excise; WET applies to qualifying grape wine, grape wine products, fruit or vegetable wine, cider or perry, mead and sake above the relevant alcohol threshold, but not every flavoured cider or mixed product qualifies.\nTerritorial treatment: The Customs Act 1901 does not directly extend to external territories. ABF guidance states that customs duties are not assessed on goods imported into Christmas Island, Norfolk Island or Cocos (Keeling) Islands under the listed territory arrangements, while goods moving from those territories into mainland Australia may have separate origin-based treatment. ATO WET guidance uses “Australia” as the indirect tax zone and excludes external territories.","sources":["https://www.abf.gov.au/importing-exporting-and-manufacturing/tariff-classification/current-tariff","https://www.abf.gov.au/importing-exporting-and-manufacturing/tariff-classification/current-tariff/schedule-3/section-iv/chapter-22","https://www.abf.gov.au/imports/Pages/How-to-import/Import-declarations.aspx","https://www.abf.gov.au/importing-exporting-and-manufacturing/importing/cost-of-importing-goods/gst-and-other-taxes","https://www.ato.gov.au/api/public/content/0-409f844f-0db1-4ec6-8b23-f87b6b696f1a","https://www.ato.gov.au/api/public/content/0-a04fbc62-c7cd-4342-90ba-a08cd9b59214","https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/pdf?DocID=WTR%2FWT20091%2FNAT%2FATO%2F00001&PiT=20250627000001&filename=law%2Fview%2Fpdf%2Fpbr%2Fwetr2009-001c3u1.pdf","https://www.abf.gov.au/help-and-support-subsite/CustomsNotices/2026-11.pdf","https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/pdf?DocID=WTR%2FWT20061A5%2FNAT%2FATO%2F00001&PiT=20180629000001&filename=law%2Fview%2Fpdf%2Fpbr%2Fwetr2006-001c5a5.pdf"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory words required by the Food Standards Code must be in English, legible and prominent. Other languages may also appear if they do not negate or contradict the English information.\nMandatory warnings and statements: Packaged alcoholic beverages with more than 1.15% alcohol by volume for retail sale, or suitable for retail sale without further processing, packaging or labelling, must display the prescribed pregnancy warning label, subject to the packaged-in-the-presence-of-the-purchaser exception. Beverages with more than 0.5% alcohol by volume must state the number of standard drinks. Energy labelling for packaged alcoholic beverages was gazetted in 2025 with a transition period before mandatory application.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages containing 0.5% alcohol by volume or more must state alcohol content. Above 1.15% alcohol by volume the statement is expressed as alcohol by volume or millilitres per 100 millilitres; at or below 1.15% it is expressed as “contains not more than” the stated percentage.\nAllergens: Plain-English allergen declarations apply. Relevant substances include added sulphites at or above the prescribed threshold, and milk or egg where present. Wine guidance notes that standardised alcoholic beverages have special presentation treatment where no ingredient list is present.\nOrigin and wine particulars: Country-of-origin food labelling applies to most retail food; alcoholic beverages are classed as non-priority food. Wine labels must also manage supplier identity, designation, lot, alcohol, standard drinks and any origin, vintage, variety or Geographical Indication (GI) claims. The Label Integrity Program requires records to substantiate Australian wine vintage, variety and GI claims.\nLabel registration: Exporters of Australian grape products must upload label images into Wine Australia’s system before shipping approval for bottled or packaged products. Imported food labels may be checked under the Imported Food Inspection Scheme. Pre-market label registration for ordinary imported or domestic alcohol labels: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2015L00386/latest/downloads","https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/labelling/Labelling-of-alcoholic-beverages","https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/business/labelling/pregnancy-warning-labels/pregnancy-warning-labels-downloadable-files","https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/labelling/allergen-labelling","https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/additives/sulphite","https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2016L00528/latest","https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/labelling/coo","https://www.wineaustralia.com/labelling","https://www.wineaustralia.com/labelling/label-integrity-program","https://www.wineaustralia.com/selling/exporting-wine/label-registration","https://www.agriculture.gov.au/import/goods/food/inspection-compliance"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. The Australian Government states that a person must be 18 or older to buy alcohol or drink alcohol in a licensed venue, and that selling alcohol to anyone under 18 is illegal.\nSale-hour and channel limits: These are state, territory, local and licence-condition matters. In New South Wales, a producer may sell its product wholesale to other licensees at any time within council development approval hours, but liquor licences are subject to a closure-period framework and retail conditions. Victoria’s pre-retail licence is for wholesale to other licensees and not for sale to the public, and it permits trade at any time of day. South Australia allows direct sales transactions at any time, but delivery into South Australia is limited to the stated delivery window. Western Australia has a wholesaler category mainly for other permanent licensed premises. The Northern Territory requires wholesaler registration and separate reporting.\nRegional layers: Local council planning approval, public-holiday restrictions, dry or alcohol-restricted areas, delivery rules and individual licence conditions can change the practical trading position. Complete state, territory, local and licence-specific trading-hour, restricted-area and delivery conditions outside the examples: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.health.gov.au/topics/alcohol/about-alcohol/alcohol-laws-in-australia","https://www.health.gov.au/topics/alcohol/alcohol-throughout-life/alcohol-and-young-people","https://www.nsw.gov.au/business-and-economy/liquor-and-gaming/liquor-licensing/licence-types/producer-wholesaler","https://www.vic.gov.au/apply-pre-retail-liquor-licence","https://www.sa.gov.au/topics/business-and-trade/liquor/apply/packaged-sales","https://www.wa.gov.au/organisation/racing-gaming-and-liquor/liquor-applications","https://nt.gov.au/industry/liquor/sell-supply-serve/liquor-registrations"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Australia protects wine GIs and traditional wine terms through the Register of Protected Geographical Indications and Other Terms kept by Wine Australia. Geographical indications for other goods can be protected as certification trade marks through IP Australia. The Food Standards Code separately restricts the use of a spirit GI to spirits produced in the indicated country, locality or region.\nVerified wine examples: Barossa, Barossa Valley and Margaret River are Australian wine GIs entered in the register. These examples are not exhaustive.\nVerified spirit examples: Scotch Whisky is identified by IP Australia as a registered certification trade mark GI; Tequila is identified in IP Australia examination guidance as a GI protected by certification trade mark. These examples are not exhaustive.\nProtected beer names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.wineaustralia.com/labelling/register-of-protected-gis-and-other-terms","https://www.wineaustralia.com/labelling/register-of-protected-gis-and-other-terms/geographical-indications","https://www.wineaustralia.com/labelling/register-of-protected-gis-and-other-terms/geographical-indications/barossa","https://www.wineaustralia.com/labelling/geographical-indicators/barossa-valley","https://www.wineaustralia.com/labelling/geographical-indicators/labelling-gi-margaret-river","https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/trade-marks/what-are-trade-marks/kinds-of-trade-marks/geographical-indications-and-trade-marks","https://manuals.ipaustralia.gov.au/trademark/2.-certification-trade-marks-and-geographical-indications-gis","https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2008B00655/asmade/2000-12-20/text/original/pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Australia. GS1 Australia states that it administers the GS1 system in Australia and is the only authorised source for GS1 barcode numbers and standards in Australia.","sources":["https://www.gs1au.org/about-us/barcode-integrity","https://www.gs1au.org/what-we-do/standards/global-trade-item-number-gtin"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Detailed independent online marketplace, broker and payment-intermediary treatment across all states and territories; pre-market label registration for ordinary imported or domestic alcohol labels; complete state, territory, local and licence-specific trading-hour, restricted-area and delivery conditions outside the examples; protected beer names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"nz","country":"New Zealand","address":"nz.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. New Zealand uses a licensing model for sales to the public, with active licences recorded through the Alcohol Regulatory and Licensing Authority (ARLA) register and local district licensing committees. Trade-only sales by makers, importers, distributors and wholesalers to other trade operators or licence holders are separately exempted in the alcohol statute. Some legacy licensing-trust districts retain local monopoly rights for specified on-licences and off-licences until a competition proposal is carried.","sources":["https://www.justice.govt.nz/tribunals/arla/register-of-licences-and-certificates/","https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2012/120/en/latest/sections/DLM3339468/","https://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2012/120/en/2025-04-05.pdf","https://www.justice.govt.nz/justice-sector-policy/key-initiatives/key-initiatives-archive/sale-and-supply-of-alcohol/key-points-for-businesses/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Commercial importers use Customs clearance arrangements, including client-code and Trade Single Window processes where applicable. Food and beverage importers must be registered as food importers. Wine and beverage imports must meet biosecurity, Food Act, Food Regulations and Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code requirements.\nWholesale and distribution: The Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act exempts sales or supply, in the course of business as a maker, importer, distributor or wholesaler of alcohol, to another maker, importer, distributor or wholesaler, or to a licence holder. Sales to the public require the relevant alcohol licence. Wine businesses that make, blend, store, bottle or package wine usually need a registered Wine Standards Management Plan (WSMP), subject to exemptions. Excise manufacture or storage before home consumption may require a Customs-controlled area (CCA) licence.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Trade-only electronic ordering can rely on the same underlying wholesale exemption if the parties and sale fall within it. If the seller uses an off-licence remote-sale model, remote-sale requirements apply, including licence information display, age-verification steps and delivery restrictions. Independent B2B online platform, broker and payment-intermediary treatment: Not yet sourced.\nLocal licensing trusts: In affected trust districts, the statutory monopoly provisions can restrict hotel or tavern on-licences and some off-licences to the licensing trust unless changed by competition poll.","sources":["https://www.customs.govt.nz/business/import/lodge-your-import-entry/client-codes","https://www.customs.govt.nz/business/import/start-importing/register-as-a-commercial-importer","https://www.mpi.govt.nz/import/importing-food-and-beverages/registering-as-a-food-importer","https://www.mpi.govt.nz/import/importing-food-and-beverages/wine-beverages/steps-to-importing","https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2012/120/en/latest/sections/DLM3339468/","https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2012/120/en/latest/sections/DLM3339481/","https://resources.alcohol.org.nz/assets/management-and-laws/3.4-1060-AL-Remote-Sales-Guide_EC_2021.pdf","https://www.mpi.govt.nz/food-business/winemaking-standards-requirements-and-testing/wine-standards-management-plans/introduction-wine-standards-management-plans","https://www.mpi.govt.nz/food-business/winemaking-standards-requirements-and-testing/wine-standards-management-plans/registering-a-wine-standards-management-plan","https://www.customs.govt.nz/business/customs-controlled-areas","https://www.customs.govt.nz/business/excise/excise-licensing/excise-customs-controlled-area-licences","https://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2012/120/en/2025-04-05.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol of less than 80% alcohol by volume, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: New Zealand Customs Service publishes the Working Tariff Document (WTD), including downloadable Chapter 22 pages and the Excise and Excise-equivalent Duties Table (EEDT). The payable treatment depends on the full tariff item, statistical key, origin, preference and whether the product is for further manufacture in a licensed manufacturing area. A four-digit heading alone does not determine the duty treatment.\nExcise: Alcohol made and consumed in New Zealand is subject to excise duty; imported alcohol is subject to excise-equivalent duty. The EEDT lists alcohol item numbers and units. Depending on the product class, duty units use litres of product or litres of alcohol. Customs guidance explains litres of alcohol as product volume multiplied by alcoholic strength. Exported excise goods are not charged duty.\nTerritorial treatment: Customs and excise sources reviewed are national New Zealand Customs Service instruments. Duty suspension or control is handled through Customs-controlled areas and licensed manufacturing areas rather than provincial alcohol-licensing regions. Customs treatment for Realm territories or other territorial departures: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.customs.govt.nz/business/tariffs/working-tariff-document","https://www.customs.govt.nz/media/pdlfronj/section-iv-effective-20-october-2026.pdf","https://www.customs.govt.nz/media/st0lucax/excise-and-excise-equivalent-duties-table-effective-20-october-2026.pdf","https://www.customs.govt.nz/business/excise/excise-licensing/excise-customs-controlled-area-licences","https://www.customs.govt.nz/business/excise/excise-declarants/excise-items-and-duty-rates","https://www.customs.govt.nz/business/excise/alcohol-and-excise/volume-of-alcohol-rules-summary-for-excise-declarants","https://www.customs.govt.nz/business/import/start-importing"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Food labels for New Zealand sale must be in English, easy to read and meet the Food Act, Fair Trading Act and Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code. Over-labelling may be used to correct imported labels if the new label is in English, easy to read and firmly attached.\nMandatory warnings: Retail alcoholic drinks containing more than 1.15% alcohol by volume need the prescribed pregnancy warning label if labelled after 1 August 2023. Product-dependent warning or advisory statements can also apply, including for specified ingredients.\nAlcohol strength and standard drinks: Drinks containing 0.5% alcohol by volume or more must state alcohol content and the approximate number of standard drinks. Drinks at or below 1.15% alcohol by volume use the required wording for low-strength alcohol content; drinks above that threshold state alcohol content as a percentage or millilitres per 100 millilitres.\nAllergen lines: Required allergen declarations apply to alcoholic drinks where relevant, including added sulphites. The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) guide notes exemptions for cereals containing gluten in beer and spirits, fish used as isinglass in beer or wine, and milk where alcohol is distilled from whey.\nOrigin and wine particulars: Country-of-origin labelling is generally voluntary except for wine. New Zealand grape wine labels must meet extra country-origin and 85% rules for vintage, variety and area claims; imported wine must still meet the Food Standards Code. Bulk wine treatment and export labels can differ.\nLabel registration: Pre-market label registration or approval for ordinary domestic sale: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.mpi.govt.nz/food-business/labelling-composition-food-drinks/food-and-drink-labelling-and-composition-rules","https://www.mpi.govt.nz/food-business/labelling-composition-food-drinks/labelling-food-supplied-to-a-food-manufacturer-or-processor","https://www.mpi.govt.nz/food-business/labelling-composition-food-drinks/specific-product-labelling/labelling-requirements-alcoholic-drinks-including-wine","https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/31404/direct","https://www.mpi.govt.nz/food-business/labelling-composition-food-drinks/allergen-declarations-warnings-and-advisory-statements-on-food-labels","https://www.mpi.govt.nz/food-safety-home/how-read-food-labels","https://www.mpi.govt.nz/import/importing-food-and-beverages/wine-beverages/steps-to-importing","https://www.legislation.govt.nz/secondary-legislation/pco-drafted/2026/156/en/latest/sections/LMS1614133/LMS585590/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. The Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act defines purchase age as 18 for sales or purchases on licensed premises, and official guidance states that minors cannot purchase alcohol.\nSale-hour limits: National maximum trading hours are 08:00–04:00 for on-licences and clubs, and 07:00–23:00 for off-licences. A licence can set shorter hours. Local councils may set different maximum hours through a local alcohol policy, which licensing bodies consider in applications.\nRemote sale: Remote sales may be made at any time, but delivery is restricted overnight and on specified public-holiday periods, subject to licence conditions and any local alcohol policy.\nChannel limits: Supermarket and grocery off-licences are limited to qualifying beer, mead, fruit or vegetable wine, grape wine and certain culinary flavourings at the statutory strength limit; spirits are outside that channel. Wholesale-only delivery-hour treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.justice.govt.nz/justice-sector-policy/key-initiatives/key-initiatives-archive/sale-and-supply-of-alcohol/key-points-for-the-public/","https://www.justice.govt.nz/justice-sector-policy/key-initiatives/key-initiatives-archive/sale-and-supply-of-alcohol/key-points-for-businesses/","https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2012/0120/latest/DLM3339735.html?p=1&search=qs_act%40bill%40regulation%40deemedreg_Sale+and+supply+of+alcohol_resel_25_h","https://resources.alcohol.org.nz/assets/management-and-laws/3.4-1060-AL-Remote-Sales-Guide_EC_2021.pdf","https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2012/120/en/latest/sections/LMS981908/DLM3951532","https://www.justice.govt.nz/justice-sector-policy/key-initiatives/key-initiatives-archive/sale-and-supply-of-alcohol/community-involvement/local-alcohol-policies/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand (IPONZ) maintains the geographical indication (GI) register. It covers New Zealand and foreign wine or spirit GIs, and European Union (EU) free trade agreement GIs for wines, spirits and other goods, including beer. A registered GI may be used only where the product meets the relevant criteria; wine GI use generally requires the prescribed link to grapes from the named place.\nVerified wine examples: New Zealand, North Island and South Island are enduring GIs. Marlborough, Hawke’s Bay and Central Otago are registered wine GIs. These examples are not exhaustive.\nVerified spirit examples: Scotch Whisky is a registered spirits GI. Armagnac and Grappa are EU GI terms with specific New Zealand treatment.\nVerified beer examples: Bayerisches Bier and Münchener Bier have phase-out treatment; České pivo and Českobudějovické pivo have Czech-language-specific protection.","sources":["https://www.iponz.govt.nz/get-ip/geographical-indications/","https://www.iponz.govt.nz/get-ip/geographical-indications/using-the-geographical-indications-register/","https://www.iponz.govt.nz/get-ip/geographical-indications/using-gis/","https://www.iponz.govt.nz/get-ip/geographical-indications/register/?location=nz","https://www.iponz.govt.nz/get-ip/geographical-indications/register/marlborough/","https://www.iponz.govt.nz/get-ip/geographical-indications/register/scotch-whisky/","https://www.iponz.govt.nz/get-ip/geographical-indications/eu-geographical-indications/"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 New Zealand. It identifies itself as the local GS1 member organisation and provides GS1 Company Prefix and GTIN barcode licensing options.","sources":["https://www.gs1nz.org/membership/","https://www.gs1nz.org/services/barcodes"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Independent B2B online platform, broker and payment-intermediary treatment; customs treatment for Realm territories or other territorial departures; pre-market label registration or approval for ordinary domestic sale; wholesale-only delivery-hour treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"sg","country":"Singapore","address":"sg.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://sg-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Singapore permits private import, wholesale and distribution, but operators must use the customs, food-import and liquor-licensing channels that fit the activity. Commercial food importers register with the Singapore Food Agency (SFA), customs declarations use a Unique Entity Number (UEN) and TradeNet permit route, and supply of liquor normally requires a liquor licence. Wholesale liquor is a defined Class 4 liquor-licence activity.","sources":["https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-import-export/commercial-imports/what-you-need-to-know-for-import-of-food","https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/getting-started/customs-registration-overview/","https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/import-operations/import-procedures/obtain-a-customs-import-permit/","https://www.police.gov.sg/e-services/apply-for-liquor-licence","https://www.police.gov.sg/E-Services/Apply-for-Liquor-Licence/Types-of-Liquor-Licences-and-Fees"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: A Singapore importer must have a UEN, activate its Customs Account and obtain the relevant customs import permit through TradeNet. Commercial food importers must be licensed or registered with SFA; processed food import is a registration category, and every consignment requires the applicable import permit. Imported dutiable liquor for local circulation is declared and duty and Goods and Services Tax (GST) are accounted for through Customs.\nWholesale and distribution: Supplying liquor requires a liquor licence unless an exemption applies. A Class 4 liquor licence covers wholesale supply of liquor for consumption away from the licensed premises. Wholesale supply means supply to a licensee of any quantity, or supply to any person of 30 litres or more. Licensed premises may need written support or approval from the relevant land authority when required by the Licensing Officer.\nDuty-suspended storage and manufacture: Imported dutiable liquor can be stored in a Customs licensed warehouse with duty and GST suspended until removal for local use or consumption. Manufacturing, bottling, blending, compounding or varying intoxicating liquors falls within the Excise Factory Scheme where the premises and movement controls are approved by Singapore Customs.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The online channel does not remove the liquor-licensing requirement. An electronic commerce platform that enables online purchase, payment and automatic delivery-address confirmation requires a liquor licence if it supplies liquor. Class 3A, 3B and 4 licence holders, including online liquor businesses, have special delivery treatment for non-public places and other licensed premises, but supply must remain within the licence class and statutory conditions.","sources":["https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-import-export/commercial-imports/what-you-need-to-know-for-import-of-food","https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-import-export/commercial-imports/import-requirements-for-food-food-products","https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/getting-started/customs-registration-overview/","https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/import-operations/import-procedures/obtain-a-customs-import-permit/","https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/import-operations/import-operations-overview/","https://www.police.gov.sg/e-services/apply-for-liquor-licence","https://www.police.gov.sg/E-Services/Apply-for-Liquor-Licence/Types-of-Liquor-Licences-and-Fees","https://www.police.gov.sg/-/media/SPF/Images/Licences-Documents/Conditions-for-liquor-licence-1-May-2026.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.sg/permits-and-licences/warehousing-and-storage/licensed-warehouse-schemes/","https://www.customs.gov.sg/permits-and-licences/industry-and-commodity-schemes/excise-factory-scheme/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine, and grape must other than heading 2009. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider and perry, and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty framework: Singapore uses eight-digit Harmonised System (HS) codes under the Association of South East Asian Nations Harmonised Tariff Nomenclature (AHTN). Singapore Customs states that Singapore’s current tariff schedule is published in the Singapore Trade Classification, Customs and Excise Duties (STCCED), while the Customs (Duties) Order sets customs and excise duty rates and preferential treatment. The full eight-digit code, origin, preference claim and customs status determine treatment; a four-digit heading alone is not enough.\nExcise and customs duty structure: Intoxicating liquors are a dutiable-goods category. Customs duty is duty on imported goods, and excise duty is duty on goods manufactured in, or imported into, Singapore. Liquor duties may be calculated per litre of alcohol using total quantity, the applicable customs and/or excise duty rate and alcoholic strength. Some alcoholic composite concentrates are calculated on dutiable content by weight or volume. Locally manufactured liquor excise is calculated by litres, excise rate per litre of alcohol and alcoholic strength.\nTerritorial treatment: Duty and GST are suspended while goods remain in a Free Trade Zone (FTZ) or Customs licensed warehouse. Dutiable liquor and tobacco may generally remain in an FTZ only for the specified short storage period pending transhipment or removal to licensed premises. Release for local circulation makes duty and GST payable. Transhipment of goods through Singapore is not subject to duty or GST, but the required permits and controls still apply.","sources":["https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/business-resources/hs-classification-of-goods/understanding-hs-classification/","https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/business-resources/hs-classification-of-goods/classifying-my-products/","https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/valuation-duties-and-fees/duties-and-dutiable-goods/duties-and-dutiable-goods-overview/","https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/valuation-duties-and-fees/duties-and-dutiable-goods/list-of-dutiable-goods/","https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/CA1960-OR4","https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/import-operations/import-operations-overview/","https://www.customs.gov.sg/doing-business/transhipment-operations/transhipment-procedures/transhipment-procedures-overview/","https://www.customs.gov.sg/permits-and-licences/warehousing-and-storage/licensed-warehouse-schemes/","https://www.customs.gov.sg/permits-and-licences/industry-and-commodity-schemes/excise-factory-scheme/"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory particulars for prepacked food must be in English. Imported prepacked food labels can use firmly attached sticker labels to add the required English information, provided they do not cover other essential information.\nMandatory warnings: Ingredient-dependent warnings apply, including the prescribed phenylalanine warning where aspartame is present. Liquor for which medicinal properties are claimed must not be advertised, labelled or sold as food. General mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Intoxicating liquor is liquor above 0.5% alcohol by volume at 20°C. Singapore’s food rules set compositional standards using alcoholic strength for several alcohol categories. Every container or receptacle containing cereal grain wine or Chinese wine must bear a label indicating alcohol content. General physical-label alcohol by volume declaration across all beer, wine, cider and spirits: Not yet sourced.\nAllergen lines: Intoxicating liquors are not required to carry an ingredient statement. Hypersensitivity declarations remain relevant, including cereals containing gluten, crustacea, eggs, fish, peanuts, soybeans, milk, tree nuts and sulphites at 10 milligrams per kilogram or more.\nOrigin lines: Imported prepacked food must show the name and address of the Singapore importer, distributor or agent and the country of origin. From 30 January 2026, the country-of-origin declaration must be accompanied by wording that makes clear that the named country is the country of origin.\nWine particulars: Wine is defined as fermented grape juice or must, with or without grape-spirit fortification. A wine common name may include grape type or locality. Fruit wine must carry the fruit name immediately before the word wine. Cereal grain wine and Chinese wine must use the cereal name or Chinese product name immediately before wine. The word champagne is restricted for carbonated wine and must not be used for cider or perry.\nLabel registration: Label registration or pre-market label approval for alcoholic drinks: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.sfa.gov.sg/regulatory-standards-frameworks-guidelines/food-labelling-packaging-guidelines/labelling-requirements-for-food","https://www.sfa.gov.sg/docs/default-source/food-manufacturing-and-storage/a-guide-to-food-labelling-and-advertisements.pdf","https://www.sfa.gov.sg/docs/default-source/legislation/sale-of-food-act/food_regulations.pdf","https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/SFA1973-RG1?ProvIds=P1III-","https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/SFA1973-RG1?ProvIds=P1IV-"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. A licensee and its employee must not supply liquor to an individual younger than 18, including online or through a telecommunication service. An individual younger than 18 must not buy or attempt to buy liquor.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Class 3A retail, Class 3B beer-only retail and Class 4 wholesale licences generally operate from 07:00 to 22:30. Class 1A and 2A on-premise licences generally run from 06:00 to 23:59, while Class 1B runs from 06:00 to 22:00 and Class 2B follows the trading hours stated on the licence. Class 5 is temporary. Class 3A, 3B and 4 licence holders, including online liquor businesses, may deliver beyond licence trading hours to non-public places; delivery to public places is within retail or wholesale trading hours.\nRegional layers: Singapore has Liquor Control Zones in the Geylang and Little India areas. For licensed premises holding Class 3A, 3B or 4 licences in those zones, trading hours are 07:00 to 22:30 on weekdays and 07:00 to 19:00 on Saturdays, Sundays, public holidays and eves of public holidays. Individual licence conditions and land-authority approvals can further affect premises operations.","sources":["https://www.police.gov.sg/e-services/apply-for-liquor-licence","https://www.police.gov.sg/E-Services/Apply-for-Liquor-Licence/Types-of-Liquor-Licences-and-Fees","https://www.police.gov.sg/-/media/SPF/Images/Licences-Documents/Liquor-Licence-FAQ.pdf","https://www.police.gov.sg/-/media/SPF/Images/Licences-Documents/Conditions-for-liquor-licence-1-May-2026.pdf","https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LCSCA2015-S181-2015?DocDate=20150331&ProvIds=P13-"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Singapore protects Geographical Indications (GIs) through registration administered by the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS). A registrable GI must identify goods from a qualifying country or a region or locality in it, where a quality, reputation or other characteristic is essentially attributable to that place. The registrable goods categories include wines, spirits and beers. Registration gives protection for 10 years and can be renewed.\nScope of protection: Once a GI is registered in Singapore, GI labels cannot be used on goods that do not come from the place indicated by the GI, even if consumers are not misled about the true origin. The register and the Geographical Indications Journal should be checked for the current status and any qualification of rights.\nVerified examples: IPOS cites Champagne as a wine GI and Tequila as a spirit GI. Current registered beer geographical indication example and complete current registered wine, spirit and beer entries: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ipos.gov.sg/about-ip/geographical-indications/how-to-register/","https://www.ipos.gov.sg/about-ip/geographical-indications/introduction-geographical-indications/","https://www.ipos.gov.sg/about-ip/geographical-indications/managing-geographical-indications/maintain-geographical-indications/"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Singapore. It states that it has the sole mandate to administer the GS1 system in Singapore and provides GS1 Company Prefixes and GS1 GTINs or barcode numbers.","sources":["https://gs1.org.sg/faqs/","https://gs1.org.sg/why-use-authorised-gs1-barcodes/","https://gs1.org.sg/about-us/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"General mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; general physical-label alcohol-by-volume declaration across all beer, wine, cider and spirits; label registration or pre-market label approval for alcoholic drinks; current registered beer geographical indication example and complete current registered wine, spirit and beer GI entries: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"th","country":"Thailand","address":"th.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":"https://th-bev.ai/","sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Beverage alcohol trade is a licensed channel. Alcoholic drinks above the Excise Act liquor threshold are controlled through excise registration, excise import or sale licences, customs formalities, Food and Drug Administration food-import permission and alcohol-control sale restrictions. This classification reflects the licensing and permission framework described below.","sources":["https://www.excise.go.th/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dwnt/mzg5/~edisp/uatucm389433.pdf","https://www6.excise.go.th/portal/ExciseTax/manual/BB_052.pdf","https://www.excise.go.th/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dwnt/ndgy/~edisp/uatucm482650.pdf","https://en.fda.moph.go.th/entrepreneurs-food/category/how-to-apply-for-permission-on-food/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Operators using electronic customs formalities register with Thai Customs as importers/exporters. A food importer must hold a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licence to import or order food into Thailand, have a commercial registration certificate and a place of business in Thailand. Alcohol also needs excise permission to import liquor. For import for sale outside a duty-free shop, the applicant route described by the Excise Department requires a Type 1 liquor-sale licence and appointment as the exclusive seller in Thailand for the imported liquor.\nWholesale and distribution: Liquor sale licences are split into Type 1, for sales of all kinds of liquor in quantities of 10 litres or more per transaction, and Type 2, for quantities below 10 litres. The licence is premises-specific and normally has a one-year term. Sale premises must avoid prohibited locations under the alcohol-control rules.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The official electronic-sale notice prohibits electronic sale or related sale services directly to consumers where seller and consumer do not meet, with an exception for electronic purchase and payment at shops, restaurants or alcohol-service premises. Wholesale-only B2B electronic ordering and independent platform treatment: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional municipal or zoning premises permissions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.customs.go.th/cont_strc_simple.php?ini_content=business_160426_01_160426_01&root_left_menu=menu_information_service","https://en.fda.moph.go.th/entrepreneurs-food/category/how-to-apply-for-permission-on-food/","https://www.excise.go.th/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dwnt/mzg5/~edisp/uatucm389433.pdf","https://www6.excise.go.th/portal/ExciseTax/manual/BB_052.pdf","https://www.excise.go.th/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dwnt/ndgy/~edisp/uatucm482650.pdf","https://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2563/E/204/T_0009.PDF"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry and mead; qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Thailand uses the customs tariff and the Thai Customs Customs Tariff service, including the Integrated Tariff Database and import-duty reference files. Treatment depends on the full Thai tariff line, customs value, origin, preference, quota or other measure, and any required permit. A four-digit heading does not establish the duty payable. Exact customs duty for a specified product and origin: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: Liquor is divided into fermented liquor and distilled liquor. Beer, wine and sparkling wine made from grapes, fruit fermented liquor and other fermented liquor sit within the fermented-liquor structure; white spirit and other distilled liquor sit within the distilled-liquor structure. The excise tariff uses value-based and quantity-based elements, with quantity stated by reference to litres of pure alcohol for liquor categories. Importers and manufacturers notify the value base required by the Excise Act. For imports, excise is paid with the customs entry unless a bonded or free-zone route defers the liability.\nTerritorial treatment: No separate provincial customs territory has been sourced. Thai Customs free zones are designated customs-benefit areas for industrial, commercial or other approved activities; qualifying goods imported into a free zone may receive import-duty exemption, while release to domestic consumption changes the treatment. Other local border taxes or charges: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/nomenclature/instruments-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022/2022/0422_2022e.pdf?la=en","https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022-edition.aspx","https://www.customs.go.th/list_strc_link_image_with_infographic.php?ini_content=customs_tariff_service&lang=en","https://www.customs.go.th/list_strc_download_with_document.php?ini_content=reference_files&lang=en&left_menu=nmenu_esevice_006&order_by=co_last_update_datetime&show_search=1&sort_type=0","https://www.excise.go.th/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dwnt/mzg5/~edisp/uatucm389433.pdf","https://www6.excise.go.th/portal/ExciseTax/law_1/AA_000028.pdf","https://www.customs.go.th/list_multi_tab.php?ini_content=tax_incentive_160929_03&ini_menu=menu_tax_incentive&ini_tab=menu_tax_incentive_160928_04&lang=th&left_menu=menu_tax_incentive_160928_04&left_menu=menu_tax_incentive_160928_04_170202_01&link=cont_xsimple.php&root_left_menu=menu_tax_incentive_160928_04&tab=menu_tax_incentive_160928_04_170202_01"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): The statutory liquor warning must be in Thai. For imported liquor labels, the Excise Department guidance says label text must be clearly printed in Thai and/or English, or another permitted language.\nMandatory warnings: Liquor labels must carry the Thai warning that sale to persons under 20 is prohibited, that drinking liquor reduces driving ability, and that persons under 20 should not drink. The warning has prescribed presentation features, including a separate box, contrasting colours and minimum character height. Stated exceptions include samples, non-sale imports, export-only products and certain diplomatic or treaty-privileged liquor.\nAlcohol strength: Imported liquor labels must show alcohol strength by degree or percentage by volume, net volume and the liquor name.\nAllergens: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin and responsible operator: Imported liquor labels must show the name and premises of the Type 1 liquor-sale licensee and the name and address of the foreign producer. Independent country-of-origin wording: Not yet sourced.\nWine particulars: The import-label guidance treats vintage as part of the approved label details; if the approved label has no change in form, details or vintage, it may continue without a new label request. Other wine-specific label particulars: Not yet sourced.\nLabel registration and product permission: Liquor imported for sale must obtain Excise Department label approval in advance and use the approved label before import. The import-permission route also requires a sample for analysis or an accepted analysis certificate. FDA food-product approval and a food serial number apply where the FDA food category requires them.","sources":["https://food.fda.moph.go.th/food-law/f2-liquor/","https://exfood.fda.moph.go.th/law/data/announ_moph/52_Liquor.pdf","https://exfood.fda.moph.go.th/law/data/announ_moph/V.English/No.%20315%20Liquor.pdf","https://www6.excise.go.th/portal/ExciseTax/manual/BB_054.pdf","https://www6.excise.go.th/portal/ExciseTax/manual/BB_052.pdf","https://webdev.excise.go.th/act2560/form-act-2560/procedure-8/1131-2024-02-19-08-27-32","https://en.fda.moph.go.th/entrepreneurs-food/category/how-to-apply-for-permission-on-food/","https://www.ddc.moph.go.th/uploads/files/5676220251111134041.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: Sale is prohibited to persons under 20 and to intoxicated persons. Where age is in doubt, the seller must request a national identification card or other government-issued evidence showing age.\nSale-hour and channel limits: The published national sale-hour notice allows sale only from 11:00 to 14:00 and from 17:00 to 24:00. Exceptions listed in that notice cover passenger-service buildings at international-flight airports, service establishments within their lawful opening hours and hotels. Under the amended Act, day or hour restrictions do not apply to sales by a producer, importer or their agent to a seller licensed under liquor law.\nProhibited places: Alcohol sale is prohibited in temples and worship places, state health-service units, hospitals and pharmacies, specified government offices, dormitories, educational institutions, fuel stations and shops in them, government public parks and other places designated by the Control Committee.\nRegional layers: Bangkok and provincial alcohol-control committees exist in the statute, and a 2026 Department of Disease Control notice concerns guidelines for designating prohibited sale places or areas near educational institutions. Detailed provincial or local sale-hour and place restrictions beyond national law and that 2026 guidance: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ddc.moph.go.th/uploads/files/5676220251111134041.pdf","https://ddc.moph.go.th/uploads/files/20520250912094733.pdf","https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/76006.pdf","https://ddc.moph.go.th/oabc/news.php?news=57104"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Thailand protects geographical indications under the Geographical Indications Protection Act B.E. 2546 (2003). Registration, the registered product description and the applicable specification determine the protected name’s scope.\nVerified wine names: Champagne, Brunello Di Montalcino, Phurua Plateau Wine and Khao Yai Wine are identified in official Department of Intellectual Property materials as geographical indications. These examples are not exhaustive.\nVerified spirit names: Pisco, Cognac and Scotch Whisky are identified in official Department of Intellectual Property materials as geographical indications. These examples are not exhaustive.\nVerified beer geographical indications or protected beer names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://ipthailand.go.th/images/781/GI-act-eng.pdf","https://www.ipthailand.go.th/images/26669/GI/Static/staticGIregistration20231102.pdf","https://ipthailand.go.th/images/gibook/GI_Book_111.pdf","https://ipthailand.go.th/th/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2/item/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89-scotch-whisky.html","https://ipthailand.go.th/images/781/scotch-whisky.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Thailand. The Federation of Thai Industries is the GS1 member in Thailand and has established GS1 Thailand to administer the GS1 system and issue GS1 identifiers to licensees.","sources":["https://gs1th.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/GS1FullForm-EN.pdf","https://gs1th.org/en/downloads-en/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Wholesale-only B2B electronic ordering and independent platform treatment; additional municipal or zoning premises permissions; exact customs duty for a specified product and origin; other local border taxes or charges; allergen declaration for alcoholic beverages; independent country-of-origin wording; other wine-specific label particulars; detailed provincial or local sale-hour and place restrictions beyond national law and 2026 education-area guidance; verified beer geographical indications or protected beer names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"vn","country":"Vietnam","address":"vn.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Alcohol other than beer is channelled through a licensing system for production, import, distribution, wholesale, retail and on-premise sale. Beer is regulated under the alcohol-harm and food-safety framework; the currently sourced licence detail is for alcohol other than beer, not a separate beer-wholesale licence. Business-to-business (B2B) online sale is permitted only within the underlying authorised channel and with age-screening measures.","sources":["https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?docid=191136&pageid=27160","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?docid=199137&pageid=27160","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?docid=197311&pageid=27160","https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/tai-ve-van-ban-so-24-2020-nd-cp-30796-30126?format=pdf"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: For alcohol other than beer, an enterprise holding a wine/alcohol distribution licence may import and is responsible for quality and food safety. An industrial alcohol producer may import or entrust the import of semi-finished alcohol for production of finished products. Imported alcohol must enter through international border gates and comply with labelling, alcohol-stamp and imported-food safety controls.\nWholesale and distribution: A distribution licence requires an enterprise and a distribution system in at least two provinces or centrally run cities, with at least one wholesale trader in each covered locality unless the enterprise uses its own branch or business location. A wholesale licence requires an enterprise, a wholesale system in the relevant province or centrally run city with at least one retail trader, unless the enterprise uses its own branch or business location, and supplier documentation from an authorised producer, distributor or wholesaler. The Ministry of Industry and Trade public-service portal identifies provincial-level handling for distribution licensing and the provincial Department of Industry and Trade route for wholesale licensing.\nBeer trade: Beer and alcoholic beverages are listed in the food-safety management group of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. A beer-specific ordinary B2B wholesale licence or exemption rule separate from food-business and alcohol-harm controls: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: E-commerce sellers and e-commerce service providers handling alcohol or beer must use measures to prevent under-18 access, including age declaration before access, purchaser identity and cashless-payment information at transaction, restrictions on links or promotion to under-18 accounts or channels, and age checks on delivery where age is doubtful. Independent marketplace, broker, payment-intermediary and cross-border platform treatment for wholesale-only B2B transactions: Not yet sourced.\nForeign-invested distributor overlays and additional local premises permissions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?docid=191136&pageid=27160","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?docid=199137&pageid=27160","https://dichvucong.moit.gov.vn/VdxpTTHCOnlineDetail.aspx?DocId=97","https://dichvucong.moit.gov.vn/VdxpTTHCOnlineDetail.aspx?DocId=1501","https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/tai-ve-van-ban-so-24-2020-nd-cp-30796-30126?format=pdf","https://vbpl.vn/FileData/TW/Lists/vbpq/Attachments/128513/VanBanGoc_nghi-dinh-15-2018-nd-cp-chinh-phu.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine, and certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and saké, and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Vietnam’s import duty is determined under the Law on Export Duty and Import Duty, the current preferential import tariff and any applicable special preferential tariff. The tariff is published in government tariff decrees, including Decree 26/2023 and later amending decrees. Treatment depends on the full tariff line, origin, product description and any preferential-origin proof. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nExcise: Special consumption tax applies to alcohol and beer. The structure is ad valorem, with separate categories for alcohol of 20 degrees or higher, alcohol under 20 degrees, and beer. Cider and other fermented beverages require classification against the legal definitions and the product’s alcoholic strength; a separate named cider excise category: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: Goods imported across Vietnam’s border and goods brought from a non-tariff zone into the domestic market fall within the export-duty/import-duty framework, subject to the statutory exceptions and exemptions. Movements involving non-tariff zones and bonded or customs-supervised arrangements require separate customs treatment. Detailed duty, special-consumption-tax and value-added-tax treatment for a proposed non-tariff-zone or bonded movement: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/nomenclature/instruments-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022/2022/0422_2022e.pdf?la=en","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?docid=184599&pageid=27160","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?docid=208020&pageid=27160","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?docid=211569&pageid=27160","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?classid=1&docid=213700&pageid=27160&typegroupid=4","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?classid=0&docid=214494&pageid=27160","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?docid=218214&pageid=27160","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?classid=1&docid=216390&pageid=27160"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory label content for goods circulated in Vietnam is in Vietnamese. Imported products may use a Vietnamese supplementary label translating mandatory original-label content and adding missing mandatory content, while keeping the original label.\nMandatory warnings: Food labels include warning information where required or where applicable. Advertising of alcohol under 15 degrees and beer must carry prescribed harm-prevention warnings, including traffic-accident, fetal-health or under-18 wording. A general physical-label alcohol-health or pregnancy warning for beverage alcohol: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Alcohol products under the “rượu” label group must state ethanol content. Drinks other than alcohol in that label group, including beer as a beverage, follow the food and beverage mandatory label particulars.\nAllergen lines: Packaged processed foods must disclose specified ingredients when present, including gluten-containing cereals, crustaceans, eggs, fish, peanuts, soybeans, milk including lactose, tree nuts and sulphites at or above the prescribed threshold.\nOrigin lines: Imported food labels state the country of origin. Where packing occurs in a country different from the producing country, the final packing country is also stated.\nWine particulars: Wine falls within the alcohol label group and wine labels also require storage instructions. Additional wine-specific particulars beyond the general alcohol and packaged-food rules: Not yet sourced.\nProduct self-declaration and label registration: Packaged processed foods are generally subject to product self-declaration with food-safety test evidence unless a registration category or exemption applies. Beer, wine, spirits and other alcoholic beverages fall under the Ministry of Industry and Trade food-safety management list. Separate pre-approval or registration of the commercial label itself: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/tai-ve-van-ban-so-43-2017-nd-cp-22704-17019?format=pdf","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?docid=204681&pageid=27160","https://vbpl.vn/FileData/TW/Lists/vbpq/Attachments/65791/VanBanGoc_34_2014_TTLT-BYT-BNNPTNT-BCT.pdf","https://vbpl.vn/FileData/TW/Lists/vbpq/Attachments/128513/VanBanGoc_nghi-dinh-15-2018-nd-cp-chinh-phu.pdf","https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?docid=191136&pageid=27160","https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/tai-ve-van-ban-so-24-2020-nd-cp-30796-30126?format=pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Sale or supply of alcohol or beer to a person under 18 is prohibited, and e-commerce sellers must prevent under-18 access and ensure the receiver is at least 18 when there is doubt.\nSale-place limits: Alcohol and beer may not be sold at prohibited locations under the alcohol-harm law. Opening a new on-premise alcohol or beer outlet within 100 metres of the boundary of a healthcare facility, nursery, kindergarten, preschool or general education school is prohibited under the cited enforcement provisions.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Nationally fixed alcohol sale hours for B2B wholesale: Not yet sourced. Regional or municipal trading-hour restrictions and local dry-area rules: Not yet sourced.\nRegional layers: Provincial, district and commune-level People’s Committees have implementation, communication, inspection and enforcement responsibilities for alcohol-harm prevention, including local management of craft alcohol and prevention of illicit, unsafe or unknown-origin products.","sources":["https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?docid=197311&pageid=27160","https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/tai-ve-van-ban-so-24-2020-nd-cp-30796-30126?format=pdf","https://vbpl.vn/FileData/TW/Lists/vbpq/Attachments/144229/VanBanGoc_398159%20%281%29.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Geographical indications are protected through Vietnam’s intellectual-property system and recorded by the Intellectual Property Office of Vietnam. The implementing rules treat use of a protected geographical indication on wine or spirits, including translation, transliteration or terms such as type, style or imitation for non-originating products, as an infringing element.\nVerified examples: Cognac, Scotch Whisky and Tequila are protected for spirits or alcohol. Champagne, Bordeaux and Napa Valley are protected for wine. Bayerisches Bier, Münchener Bier and Českobudějovické pivo are protected for beer. These examples are not exhaustive.\nVietnamese beverage example: Na Hang is listed for rượu ngô men lá. Complete domestic wine, spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://vbpl.vn/FileData/TW/Lists/vbpq/Attachments/164372/VanBanGoc_Nghi%20dinh%2065-N%C4%90-CP%2023.8.2023.pdf","https://datafiles.chinhphu.vn/cpp/files/vbpq/2026/4/04-vbhn-bkhcn.pdf","https://ipvietnam.gov.vn/web/guest/chi-dan-dia-ly?_49_groupId=20182&_49_privateLayout=false&_49_struts_action=%2Fmy_sites%2Fview&p_p_auth=qFpgH1OHRz&p_p_id=49&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_mode=view&p_p_state=normal","https://ipvietnam.gov.vn/NOIP/RESOURCE.NSF/vwResourceList/6863C046155349B947257D72000FBC86/PL318.pdf","https://www.ipvietnam.gov.vn/noip/resource.nsf/vwResourceList/0547494EF61BE3C247257DB6003386E7/PL_318.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Vietnam, operated by the National Numbering and Barcodes Center. GS1 Vietnam states that it is Vietnam’s sole representative at GS1 International and manages the national GS1 code bank 893.","sources":["https://gs1.gov.vn/?lang=vi","https://gs1vn.org.vn/?lang=en&p=3897"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Beer-specific ordinary B2B wholesale licence or exemption rule; independent online B2B marketplace, broker, payment-intermediary and cross-border platform treatment; foreign-invested distributor overlays and additional local premises permissions; separate named cider excise category; detailed non-tariff-zone or bonded tax treatment for a proposed movement; general physical-label alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; additional wine-specific particulars beyond general rules; separate commercial-label pre-approval or registration; nationally fixed B2B wholesale sale hours, regional or municipal trading-hour restrictions and local dry-area rules; complete domestic wine, spirit, beer and cider protections: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ph","country":"Philippines","address":"ph.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may trade alcoholic beverages where the activity-specific customs, food-safety and excise permissions apply. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) License to Operate (LTO) and Certificate of Product Registration (CPR) framework covers processed food importers, traders, distributors and wholesalers; the Bureau of Customs (BOC) accredits importers; and the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) controls alcohol excise permits and import-release procedures. This is a licensed private-channel model.","sources":["https://www.fda.gov.ph/fda-circular-no-2021-012-guidelines-for-the-use-of-the-food-and-drug-administration-fda-eservices-portal-system-for-license-to-operate-lto-application-of-food-traders-and-food-distributors-inc/","https://customs.gov.ph/guidelines-on-importation/","https://bir-cdn.bir.gov.ph/BIR/pdf/BIR%20Citizen%27s%20Charter%20%282026%20Edition%29v2.pdf"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: An importer needs BOC accreditation through the Accounts Management Office before transacting with customs and lodges the goods declaration electronically. For food regulation, alcoholic beverages are processed food products; the local establishment needs the applicable FDA LTO as food distributor/importer and the product generally needs CPR before sale, offering for sale, distribution or supply. For excise administration, taxpayers seeking to import alcohol products secure a BIR permit to operate as importer of alcohol products before importation and use the Authority to Release Imported Goods route for excisable imports before customs release.\nWholesale and distribution: FDA recognises food distributor/importer/exporter, trader and wholesaler activities. A wholesaler is an establishment engaged in local distribution of pre-packaged food products in commercial quantity. Imported finished products for local wholesale distribution therefore sit in both the FDA LTO/CPR system and the customs and excise systems. BIR also has alcohol storage depot permits for manufacturers/importers when storage facilities are used for monitoring purposes.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The Joint Administrative Order on online businesses expressly covers B2B e-commerce and reiterates that online businesses must comply with applicable laws and regulations. The online channel does not replace FDA, BOC or BIR permissions for the underlying alcohol transaction. Specific independent marketplace, agent and broker treatment for B2B platforms: Not yet sourced.\nAdditional local layer: FDA LTO applications use business registration documents and can require a local business permit where the establishment address differs from the business-registration address. Detailed city or municipal liquor-specific premises permits: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.fda.gov.ph/fda-circular-no-2021-012-guidelines-for-the-use-of-the-food-and-drug-administration-fda-eservices-portal-system-for-license-to-operate-lto-application-of-food-traders-and-food-distributors-inc/","https://www.fda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CFRR-USER-BOOKLET-2019.pdf","https://customs.gov.ph/guidelines-on-importation/","https://customs.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/CAO-07-2022-Accreditation-of-Importers.pdf","https://bir-cdn.bir.gov.ph/BIR/pdf/BIR%20Citizen%27s%20Charter%20%282026%20Edition%29v2.pdf","https://ecommerce.dti.gov.ph/joint-administrative-order-no-22-01/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines; certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and sake, and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The Philippines uses the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Harmonized Tariff Nomenclature (AHTN) 2022. The Philippine Tariff Finder (PTF), owned and maintained by the Tariff Commission, is the official search tool for applicable tariff classification and duty rates. BOC guidance directs traders to use the full AHTN code, product description and country of origin; the result can show Most Favoured Nation (MFN) and Free Trade Agreement (FTA) rates. A four-digit heading alone does not determine the payable duty.\nExcise: Alcohol products are taxed separately from customs duty. Distilled spirits use an ad valorem component based on net retail price plus a specific component per proof litre. Wines are subject to specific excise per litre; the earlier wine classification was removed from 2020 and all wine types fall under the specific wine rate structure, while fortified wines above the statutory threshold are treated as distilled spirits. Fermented liquors, including beer and other qualifying fermented liquors, use a specific per-litre structure. Current monetary amounts are not stated here.\nTerritorial treatment: BIR excise regulations define importation as introduction of alcohol products into Philippine territory, including duly chartered economic and freeport zones and duty-free shops. Alcohol entering through freeport and special economic zones is deemed to have entered Philippine customs territory upon unloading for those regulations.","sources":["https://customs.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/20240620-EO-62-FRM.pdf","https://customs.gov.ph/guidelines-on-importation/","https://finder.tariffcommission.gov.ph/","https://bir-cdn.bir.gov.ph/local/pdf/RR%20No.%207-2021.pdf","https://bir-cdn.bir.gov.ph/BIR/pdf/BIR%20Citizen%27s%20Charter%20%282026%20Edition%29v2.pdf"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory label information is in English and/or Filipino. Imported products using a foreign language must provide the corresponding English translation of mandatory information. FDA guidance specifically confirms that alcoholic beverages such as wine and spirits require English translation.\nMandatory warnings: Product-dependent precautionary or caution statements and substantiation of label claims can apply. A general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: The FDA food-registration guidance lists “% alcohol” as mandatory for alcoholic beverages.\nAllergen lines: Allergen information is mandatory where applicable. The label also carries the ingredient list, including the common name and function of food additives.\nOrigin and responsible business: Labels state the complete name and address of the manufacturer, packer, distributor, trader or importer. Imported products declare country of origin.\nWine particulars: Grape wines, other wines, cider/perry and distilled spirituous beverages appear in FDA processed-food classification. Wine-specific label particulars beyond the general prepackaged-food rules: Not yet sourced.\nLabel registration: Clear and complete labels or artworks are part of the CPR application. Processed food products manufactured, imported, exported, distributed for wholesale, traded or repacked need CPR before sale, offering for sale, distribution or supply unless a specific exception applies.","sources":["https://www.fda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CFRR-USER-BOOKLET-2019.pdf","https://www.fda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Administrative-Order-No.-2014-0030-A.pdf","https://www.fda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ANNEX-C-1.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18 for ordinary retail sale. FDA commercial-display guidance treats minors as persons below 18 years old and requires retailers without enough display space to ensure alcoholic beverages and beverages containing alcohol are not sold to them. Presidential Decree No. 1619 separately prohibits sale or offer to sell to minors of liquors or beverages containing at least 30% alcohol by volume.\nSale channel and display limits: Alcoholic beverages, regardless of packaging, are to be displayed in a designated conspicuous area in specified food retail stores with prominent alcoholic-beverage signage; beverages with alcohol content are displayed in the same area and not together with ordinary drinks or where accessible to children.\nSale-hour and regional layers: National ordinary sale-hour rules, complete city or municipal restrictions, and wholesale-only exemptions from retail display or minor-access rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.fda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FDA-Circular-No.-2019-006.pdf","https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/26/32108"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) administers a geographical indication registration system. It covers wines and spirits as eligible product types, protects indications for goods whose quality, reputation or other characteristic is attributable to geographical origin and/or human factors, and protects registered indications for an unlimited term unless revoked with finality.\nVerified examples: Cognac or Eau-de-vie de Cognac or Eau-de-vie des Charentes is registered for wine spirits. Scotch Whisky is registered for spirits. Prosecco and Côtes de Provence are registered for wine. These examples are not exhaustive.\nBeer and cider names: Additional registered beer and cider geographical indications: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ipophil.gov.ph/geographical-indications/","https://www.ipophil.gov.ph/geographical-indications/registered-geographical-indications/","https://onlineservices.ipophil.gov.ph/tmgazette/Unlimited/Attachment/REGISTERED_20250820_GI.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Philippines. Its guidance states that membership assigns a GS1 Company Prefix and allows businesses to create unique GS1 identification numbers for products.","sources":["https://gs1ph.org/about","https://support.gs1.org/support/solutions/articles/43000734120-what-is-a-gs1-gtin/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Business-to-business independent marketplace, agent and broker treatment and detailed city or municipal liquor-specific premises permits; general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning and wine-specific label particulars beyond general prepackaged-food rules; national ordinary sale-hour rules, complete city or municipal restrictions and wholesale-only exemptions from retail display or minor-access rules; additional registered beer and cider geographical indications: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"my","country":"Malaysia","address":"my.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may import, wholesale and distribute beverage alcohol if the relevant customs, food-import and excise permissions apply. Importing intoxicating liquor requires a customs licence, and wholesale selling requires an excise wholesale dealer’s licence unless a statutory manufacturer route or ministerial authorisation applies. Food imports are also subject to Ministry of Health import controls through the Food Safety Information System of Malaysia (FoSIM).","sources":["https://www.customs.gov.my/en/pg/Customs%20Regulation/P.U.%28A%29%20397%20-%20CUSTOMS%20REGULATIONS%202019.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.my/en/pg/Excise%20Act/EXCISE%20ACT%201976.pdf","https://hq.moh.gov.my/fsq/prosedur-pengimportan-makanan"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: A person may not import intoxicating liquor except with a licence granted by or under the direction of the Director General of Customs, unless the private-consumption or duty-exempt exception in the Customs Regulations 2019 applies. Food importers and forwarding agents must register in FoSIM, and imported food must comply with the Food Act 1983, Food Regulations 1985 and any product-specific document or agency requirement.\nWholesale and distribution: Wholesale sale of intoxicating liquor requires a licence under Part VII of the Excise Act 1976. A licensed manufacturer may sell the liquor it makes by wholesale at its manufacturing premises, or where the liquor is supplied direct from those premises, without a separate wholesale licence under that Part. Licensed retail or wholesale sellers must keep duty-paid liquor only at premises specified in the licence, subject to the transit and private-consumption exceptions.\nPremises and hygiene: Ministry of Health food-law controls cover food premises, owners and handlers for preparation, handling, storage, packaging and transport. Current local authority business-licence requirements for a proposed warehouse or distribution site: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The Electronic Commerce Act 2006 recognises electronic messages and electronic contract formation in commercial transactions, but it is supplemental to other laws. An online B2B alcohol order therefore still needs the underlying customs, food-import, excise and premises permissions. Independent marketplace, broker, payment-intermediary and delivery-agent treatment for wholesale-only alcohol transactions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.customs.gov.my/en/pg/Customs%20Regulation/P.U.%28A%29%20397%20-%20CUSTOMS%20REGULATIONS%202019.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.my/en/pg/Excise%20Act/EXCISE%20ACT%201976.pdf","https://hq.moh.gov.my/fsq/prosedur-pengimportan-makanan","https://hq.moh.gov.my/fsq/aktiviti-import-makanan","https://www.moh.gov.my/en/corporate-info/division-information/food-safety-and-quality-programme","https://www.kpdn.gov.my/images/2024/awam/akta/kpdn/Act%20658.pdf","https://hq.moh.gov.my/fsq/xs/faq.php"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine; certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider and perry; qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Malaysia publishes customs-duty legislation through the Royal Malaysian Customs Department and the Federal Government Gazette, and publishes commodity-level tariff data through the department's Harmonized System (HS) Explorer. The current framework is Customs Duties Order 2025, with later amendments. Duty depends on the full tariff subheading, origin, any preferential order, quota or exemption, and the movement route. Exact product- and origin-specific payable import duty for a proposed shipment: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: Excise Duties Order 2025 applies from 2025-11-01 and levies excise on the manufacturer or importer for goods manufactured in Malaysia or imported into Malaysia. Alcohol excise classification follows the Customs Duties Order 2025 interpretation rules. The alcohol schedule uses litre-based tariff lines and pure-alcohol basis by product subcategory, including beer strength/type, wine and grape must, cider/perry and other fermented beverages, toddy, shandy, mead, rice wine and spirits or liqueurs. No monetary rates are stated here.\nTerritorial treatment: Separate 2025 customs and excise orders exist for Labuan, Langkawi, Pangkor and Tioman, with island-specific schedules for goods imported into the island or moved from the principal customs area. Detailed beverage-alcohol movement treatment for those free-duty islands and any licensed duty-free-shop route: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.customs.gov.my/en/procedure/federal-gazette","https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputp/3742995/PUA%20350_2026.pdf","https://ezhs.customs.gov.my/public-tariff?km=c3b5c93c94b396700290545030563f3c&tariff=QUhUTlZGU0hzZTM1NUFtZTIwMjYwMTA1MTE%3D","https://www.customs.gov.my/images/06-prosedur/eksais/perintah/PUA389_2025.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.my/images/06-prosedur/perintah-kastam/pulau-bebas-cukai/PUA385_2025.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.my/images/06-prosedur/perintah-kastam/pulau-bebas-cukai/PUA387_2025.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.my/images/06-prosedur/perintah-kastam/pulau-bebas-cukai/PUA388_2025.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.my/images/06-prosedur/eksais/perintah/PUA390_2025.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.my/images/06-prosedur/eksais/perintah/PUA391_2025.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.my/images/06-prosedur/eksais/perintah/PUA392_2025.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.my/images/06-prosedur/eksais/perintah/PUA393_2025.pdf"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory food-label information is in Bahasa Malaysia for food produced, prepared or packaged in Malaysia. Imported food may use Bahasa Malaysia or English, with other translations permitted where they carry the same meaning.\nMandatory warnings: Alcoholic beverage labels must carry the Malay health warning “MEMINUM ARAK BOLEH MEMBAHAYAKAN KESIHATAN”. Sellers must also display the prescribed health notice and a visible under-21 sale-prohibition sign at the alcoholic-beverage sale point. A separate pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Alcoholic beverage packages must state on the principal display panel that the liquor contains the relevant percentage of alcohol, using the prescribed Malay wording.\nAllergens and composition: Packaged food labels must comply with the Food Regulations 1985, including ingredient and hypersensitivity-ingredient declarations where applicable. Animal-derived ingredients and additives may trigger additional declaration rules.\nOrigin and importer: Imported food labelling requires importer and country-of-origin information under the Food Regulations framework.\nWine, beer, cider and spirits particulars: Alcoholic beverages are subject to the general alcoholic-beverage standard and product standards for wine, cider, beer, toddy, spirit drinks, brandy, rum, whisky, vodka, gin, samsu, liqueurs and related categories. The 2025 alcohol amendment adds or updates product standards and labelling rules for several wine and spirit terms. Complete category-by-category label particulars: Not yet sourced.\nLabel review: The Ministry of Health operates an online food-label review service through FoSIM to assess whether a proposed label complies and to issue a no-objection letter where the result is compliant. Mandatory pre-market label registration for all beverage alcohol: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://hq.moh.gov.my/fsq/peraturanperaturan-makanan-1985","https://hq.moh.gov.my/fsq/xs/dl.php?filename=P.U.+%28A%29+345+%282025%29+MINUMAN+BERALKOHOL.pdf","https://hq.moh.gov.my/fsq/garis-panduan-pelabelan-makanan","https://hq.moh.gov.my/fsq/semakan-label-makanan","https://www.moh.gov.my/images/kenyataan-media/2019/Kenyataan_Akhbar_KPK_28_Ogos_2019_OPS_Label.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 21. The Food Regulations 1985 prohibit sale of alcoholic beverage to any person below that age.\nChannel limits: Alcoholic beverages displayed for retail sale must be in a cabinet or display rack separate from other food, and the seller must display the prescribed health warning and under-21 sale-prohibition sign. Under the Excise Act 1976, retail and wholesale liquor sales are licensing matters, with public house, beer house, retail shop and wholesale dealer licence classes.\nRegional and statutory exceptions: The Excise Act retail-licence requirement does not apply to retail sale of beer or toddy in unopened sealed bottles or cans, to a Sabah native retailing native liquor that is not distilled liquor, or to retail sale in licensed duty-free shops. These are licensing exceptions, not age exceptions.\nSale-hour limits: A Licensing Board may endorse licence restrictions or conditions. Current detailed national, state, local-authority and individual-licence sale hours, and wholesale-only treatment of any such hours: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://hq.moh.gov.my/fsq/peraturanperaturan-makanan-1985","https://hq.moh.gov.my/fsq/xs/dl.php?filename=P.U.+%28A%29+345+%282025%29+MINUMAN+BERALKOHOL.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.my/en/pg/Excise%20Act/EXCISE%20ACT%201976.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Malaysia protects registered geographical indications through the MyIPO geographical-indication system under the Geographical Indications Act 2022. A geographical indication identifies goods as originating in a country, territory, region or locality where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic is essentially attributable to that origin. Categories include wine, spirit and beer. MyIPO states that unregistered geographical indications are not protected under the Act.\nVerified examples: MyIPO’s registered geographical-indication list includes Champagne, Barolo and Prosecco for wine-type names, and Pisco, Scotch Whisky, Cognac, Tequila and Irish Whiskey for spirit-type names. These examples are not exhaustive. Verified registered beer geographical-indication examples: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.myipo.gov.my/geographical-indication-act/","https://www.myipo.gov.my/faq/","https://www.myipo.gov.my/statistic-application-registration/"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Malaysia Berhad. GS1 Malaysia states that it is a GS1 member and the only official source for GS1 barcode numbers and standards in Malaysia.","sources":["https://gs1my.org/index.php/about_gs1malaysia","https://gs1my.org/Need_A_Barcode"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Local authority business-licence requirements for a proposed warehouse or distribution site; independent marketplace, broker, payment-intermediary and delivery-agent treatment for wholesale-only alcohol transactions; exact product- and origin-specific payable import duty; detailed beverage-alcohol movement treatment for free-duty islands and any licensed duty-free-shop route; separate pregnancy warning; complete category-by-category label particulars; mandatory pre-market label registration for all beverage alcohol; detailed national, state, local-authority and individual-licence sale hours and wholesale-only hour treatment; verified registered beer geographical-indication examples: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"id","country":"Indonesia","address":"id.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Indonesia permits beverage-alcohol trade through controlled import, distribution and retail/on-premise channels. Imports of consumer alcoholic beverages are restricted goods requiring import business licensing. Duty-paid consumption imports use private General Importer Identification Number (API-U) operators with Importer Registration (IT) and Import Approval (PI), while duty-not-paid imports for duty-free shops are limited to state-owned-enterprise API-U importers. Distribution rules route product through appointed distributors, sub-distributors and licensed retailers or on-premise sellers.","sources":["https://www.peraturan.go.id/files/permendag-no-23-tahun-2025.pdf","https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/271389/Permendag%20No.%2020%20Tahun%202014.pdf","https://jdih.kemendag.go.id/backendx/image/regulasi/13020402_Permendag_No._25_Th._2019.PDF"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Duty-paid consumer alcoholic beverages can be imported by business operators holding API-U and the alcohol IT and PI required by the Ministry of Trade. Duty-paid imports must use the bonded-logistics-centre route before release to the customs area. Duty-not-paid product is only for distribution to duty-free shops and may be imported by state-owned-enterprise API-U operators with the corresponding IT and PI.\nWholesale and distribution: The distribution rules recognise producers, registered alcohol importers, distributors, sub-distributors, retailers and direct sellers for consumption on the premises. Producers or registered alcohol importers appoint distributors; distributors supply appointed sub-distributors; sub-distributors supply appointed retailers or on-premise sellers. If no sub-distributor is appointed, the distributor may supply appointed retailers or on-premise sellers. Importers, distributors and sub-distributors may not sell directly to consumers.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: General Electronic Commerce (Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik, PMSE) rules require PMSE business licensing and require marketplace operators to refuse domestic merchants that lack the required business licensing. The online channel does not replace alcohol IT, PI, distributor, sub-distributor or retail/on-premise permissions. Specific independent alcohol marketplace, broker, payment-intermediary and cross-border platform treatment: Not yet sourced.\nState-owned-enterprise role: A state-owned-enterprise importer role exists for duty-not-paid imports to duty-free shops; it is not a general monopoly over all alcohol trade. Additional regional premises permissions under current risk-based licensing: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.peraturan.go.id/files/permendag-no-23-tahun-2025.pdf","https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/271389/Permendag%20No.%2020%20Tahun%202014.pdf","https://jdih.kemendag.go.id/backendx/image/regulasi/13020402_Permendag_No._25_Th._2019.PDF","https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Download/415514/permendag-no-19-tahun-2026.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203, beer made from malt. Wine: 2204, wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must. Cider and other fermented beverages: 2206, including fermented apple or pear beverages and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208, undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume and spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Indonesia uses the Indonesian Customs Tariff Book (Buku Tarif Kepabeanan Indonesia, BTKI), based on Harmonized System (HS) 2022 and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Harmonised Tariff Nomenclature (AHTN) 2022. The Ministry of Finance sets the classification and most-favoured-nation duty framework under Minister of Finance Regulation (Peraturan Menteri Keuangan, PMK) 26/PMK.010/2022 as amended, with the legal documentation and information network (Jaringan Dokumentasi dan Informasi Hukum, JDIH) record showing a fourth amendment in 2026. Customs identifies BTKI as the official reference for classification, most-favoured-nation (MFN) duties, preferences and import taxes, and points to the Indonesia National Single Window (INSW) tariff reference. Use the full tariff line, origin, import scheme and any preference; a four-digit heading is not enough. Exact payable import duty for a specified product, origin and preference: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: Excise applies to ethyl alcohol, beverages containing ethyl alcohol and concentrates containing ethyl alcohol, including imports. For beverages, the structure is by alcohol band: Group A up to 5%; Group B above 5% to 20%; Group C above 20% to 55%. Tariffs are set per litre and distinguish domestic and imported goods for some groups; no monetary amounts are stated here.\nTerritorial treatment: Free Trade and Free Port Areas (Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas dan Pelabuhan Bebas, KPBPB) are treated as separated from the customs area and free from import duty, value added tax, luxury-goods sales tax and excise while in that area. Special Economic Zones (Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus, KEK) and bonded-storage places can have import-policy treatment deferred on entry, with controls applying when imported consumer goods are released to another place in the customs area. Duty-paid alcohol must move through a bonded logistics centre before release; duty-not-paid alcohol is for duty-free-shop distribution.","sources":["https://www.beacukai.go.id/btki-dan-tarif","https://jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/dok/26-pmk-010-2022","https://www.jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/dok/pmk-68-tahun-2026","https://www.peraturan.go.id/files/permendag-no-23-tahun-2025.pdf","https://www.beacukai.go.id/tarif-cukai-ea-mmea-kmea","https://jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/api/download/fa52d458-cdd7-4554-aed2-7a649331bb40/2023pmkeuangan160.pdf"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory label information is in Indonesian. Foreign or regional-language text can also appear if the Indonesian information appears first; foreign terms may be used where there is no Indonesian equivalent.\nMandatory information: Processed-food labels state at least product name, ingredients, net contents, producer or importer name and address, halal where required, production date/code, durability date, marketing authorisation number and origin of certain food materials. Alcoholic drinks must carry the warnings “MINUMAN BERALKOHOL”, “Mengandung Alkohol ± … % v/v” and “DI BAWAH UMUR 21 TAHUN ATAU WANITA HAMIL DILARANG MINUM”.\nAlcohol strength: Alcohol content is shown as a percentage by volume using the prescribed “mengandung alkohol” format. Alcoholic beverages are grouped by alcohol content under the alcohol standards and excise framework.\nAllergens: Allergen information is required where allergens are present or where shared production creates a relevant risk. The official guidance of the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, BPOM) covers gluten-containing cereals, egg, fish, crustaceans, molluscs, peanut, soy, milk including lactose, tree nuts, cashew and sulphites at the stated threshold calculated as sulphur dioxide in ready-to-consume product.\nOrigin and importer lines: Imported processed food uses the “BPOM RI ML” marketing authorisation number format, in which RI stands for Republik Indonesia and ML for imported food (makanan luar) and labels show the producer or importer name and address. Mandatory country-of-origin statement for all alcoholic beverages, beyond importer/manufacturer and ingredient-origin lines: Not yet sourced.\nWine particulars and label registration: No wine-specific label regime separate from the general processed-food and alcoholic-beverage rules was sourced. Labels must match the label approved at registration/business licensing. Wine-specific label particulars beyond general processed-food and alcoholic-beverage rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://jdih.pom.go.id/view/slide/795/31/2018/d5bf6e29324d0ef0b93a34d800525a07","https://jdih.pom.go.id/view/slide/1233/5/2021/cb2080667c784116062d61c9cad89b80","https://rumahsiripo.pom.go.id/peraturan/label/contoh-label-pangan-olahan/","https://rumahsiripo.pom.go.id/peraturan/label/contoh-label-pangan-olahan/ketentuan","https://rumahsiripo.pom.go.id/informasi/persyaratan_registrasi","https://rumahsiripo.pom.go.id/informasi/sekilas_perizinan_berusaha"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 21 for consumer sales. The Ministry of Trade rule states that sales may only be given to consumers aged 21 or more, with an identity card shown to the clerk.\nRetail and on-premise channels: On-premise consumption is restricted to hotels, restaurants, bars and other places set by the local regent/mayor, or the Governor for Jakarta. Retail sales are restricted to duty-free shops and other locally determined places; class A retail treatment has been amended over time, so current local handling should be checked. Retailers must keep alcohol in a separate place and must not allow drinking at the retail location.\nWholesale/B2B channel limit: Importers, distributors and sub-distributors cannot sell directly to consumers; business trade must remain within the appointed and licensed chain. National wholesale/B2B sale-hour limits and complete provincial, regency/city and local restrictions: Not yet sourced.\nRegional layers: Local governments participate in integrated supervision teams and can set additional place restrictions, including locations around youth facilities, terminals, places of worship, schools and hospitals.","sources":["https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/271389/Permendag%20No.%2020%20Tahun%202014.pdf","https://jdih.kemendag.go.id/backendx/image/regulasi/13020402_Permendag_No._25_Th._2019.PDF"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Indonesia protects Geographical Indications (GIs) under the trademark and geographical-indication law. A GI is a sign showing the place of origin of goods whose reputation, quality or characteristics are linked to geographical environment, natural factors, human factors or their combination. Protection lasts while the reputation, quality and characteristics that justify protection remain.\nRegister and use: The Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI) publishes official GI information and states that registered indications can be checked on its listing. The user of a GI is the party authorised by the registered GI right holder to process or market the GI goods.\nVerified examples: Registered wine, spirit and beer geographical indications in the Indonesian register: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.dgip.go.id/menu-utama/indikasi-geografis/pengenalan","https://www.dgip.go.id/index.php/faq/daftar-faq/ig/indikasi-geografis","https://www.dgip.go.id/unduhan/download/uu-nomor-20-tahun-2016-tentang-merek-dan-indikasi-geografis-35-2016"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Indonesia. GS1’s official member-organisation list places GS1 Indonesia in South Jakarta and identifies its website, and GS1 describes GTINs as GS1 product identifiers issued through GS1 member organisations.","sources":["https://ref.gs1.org/gs1/annual-report/","https://www.gs1id.org/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Specific independent alcohol marketplace, broker, payment-intermediary and cross-border platform treatment; additional regional premises permissions under current risk-based licensing; exact payable import duty for a specified product, origin and preference; mandatory country-of-origin statement for all alcoholic beverages, beyond importer/manufacturer and ingredient-origin lines; wine-specific label particulars beyond general processed-food and alcoholic-beverage rules; national wholesale/B2B sale-hour limits and complete provincial, regency/city and local restrictions; verified registered wine, spirit and beer geographical indications in the Indonesian register: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"in","country":"India","address":"in.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Mixed. Alcohol trade is principally a state and Union territory licensing matter: the State List covers production, manufacture, possession, transport, purchase and sale of intoxicating liquor, while customs import controls remain central. Imports of alcoholic beverages under Chapter 22 are also subject to mandatory requirements stipulated by state governments. Some jurisdictions are prohibition markets for ordinary beverage-alcohol trade, and some grant exclusive wholesale or retail privileges to state entities. Tamil Nadu is a verified state-monopoly example for specified liquor wholesale and retail privileges; Bihar, Gujarat, Nagaland and Mizoram are verified prohibition examples, subject to each law’s permits and exceptions.","sources":["https://www.legislative.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/08/7af1daa22d65f9d04c00ae9b9aa5a799.pdf","https://content.dgft.gov.in/Website/General_Notes_to_Import_Policy_2025.pdf","https://www.cpe.tn.gov.in/rules/Prohibition_Act_1937_02082019.pdf","https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/4693/1/20-2016.pdf","https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/6165/1/prohibition1949.pdf","https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/11850/1/the_nagaland_liquor_total_prohibition_act_1989.pdf","https://excise.mizoram.gov.in/uploads/qms/14f3ffaa23b26862ddcb75b048500bc8/mlp-act-2019-and-rules-2022-and-amendment-2025-cover.pdf"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Importers need an Importer-Exporter Code (IEC) from the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT). Food import also requires Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) importer licensing and food-import clearance, with customs referring consignments through the Food Import Clearance System (FICS). Alcoholic beverages remain subject to state government mandatory requirements; the destination state or Union territory may require an excise import permit, brand registration, warehousing approval or other pass.\nWholesale and distribution: No single national wholesale licence was sourced. States license and control wholesale, storage, movement and retail. Delhi is a verified example: its excise department grants L-1 licences for wholesale supply and processes import, export and transport permits; movement from wholesale licensees to retail vends and licensed hotels, clubs and restaurants uses transport permits. Tamil Nadu is a verified state-monopoly example: the Tamil Nadu State Marketing Corporation has exclusive privileges for specified wholesale supply and retail sale. Prohibition states require separate treatment.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Indian law recognises electronic contracts, but using an electronic order channel does not replace the state excise licence, permit, pass, warehousing and recipient-authorisation requirements. Independent B2B marketplace, broker, payment-intermediary and drop-shipment treatment by state: Not yet sourced.\nComplete state-by-state wholesale, import-permit, monopoly and prohibition operating routes: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://content.dgft.gov.in/Website/dgftprod/c5ccbcbf-d61e-4279-abe7-ce2c6c99d62d/FTP%20Chapter%202%20updated%20as%20on%2031032021.pdf","https://www.fssai.gov.in/business/import","https://www.fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Food%20Imports%20Manual.pdf","https://www.fssai.gov.in/business/registration","https://www.fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/FAQs_Licensing_Registration_26_07_2022.pdf","https://excise.delhi.gov.in/excise/function-excise","https://excise.delhi.gov.in/excise/import-or-transport-permit-branch","https://www.cpe.tn.gov.in/rules/Prohibition_Act_1937_02082019.pdf","https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2024/02/ITAct_0-1.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines; grape must other than that of heading 2009. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of less than 80% volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty framework: Use the Customs Tariff Act schedule and the full eight-digit customs tariff item, product description, country of origin and any applicable preferential or additional measure. The Indian Customs Electronic Data Interchange Gateway (ICEGATE) Trade Guide on Imports is the official duty-enquiry route and allows searches by customs tariff head and country of origin. DGFT publishes the import-policy schedule and general notes; Chapter 22 alcoholic beverages remain subject to state government requirements. Exact customs duty for a specified product, origin, preference and customs treatment: Not yet sourced.\nExcise and tax structure: States may levy excise duties on alcoholic liquors for human consumption manufactured or produced in the state and countervailing duties on similar goods produced elsewhere in India; states also have powers over sale tax on alcoholic liquor for human consumption, subject to constitutional limits. Goods and Services Tax (GST) excludes taxes on the supply of alcoholic liquor for human consumption. State excise may use category, strength, volume, origin, route, warehouse, label or permit variables depending on the state law.\nTerritorial treatment: Customs is central at import, but after clearance, possession, movement, wholesale and sale depend on the destination state or Union territory. Complete state excise, value-added tax, permit-fee and local-charge calculations: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.icegate.gov.in/Webappl/Trade-Guide-on-Imports","https://content.dgft.gov.in/Website/General_Notes_to_Import_Policy_2025.pdf","https://www.legislative.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/08/7af1daa22d65f9d04c00ae9b9aa5a799.pdf"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory particulars on pre-packaged food labels are in English or Hindi in Devanagari script. Other languages may be added if they do not contradict the English or Hindi information.\nMandatory warnings: Alcoholic beverage packages must carry the statutory warning that consumption of alcohol is injurious to health and that consumers should not drink and drive. The warning is prescribed in English, with state local or regional-language substitution allowed under the alcoholic-beverage regulations.\nAlcohol strength: Alcohol content must be expressed as per cent alcohol by volume or as proof. Pot-distilled alcohol has an additional prescribed descriptor. A voluntary standard-drink statement is permitted.\nAllergen lines: General food-allergen rules apply where relevant. Wine containing more than 10 milligrams of sulphur dioxide per litre must declare sulphur dioxide or sulphite. Wine using egg white, isinglass or another animal-origin fining, clarifying or processing aid must carry the prescribed declaration and non-vegetarian logo if residues remain.\nOrigin lines: Imported foods must declare country of origin and the Indian importer. Wine must indicate origin by country or state and declare the sugar range.\nWine particulars: Wine labels also carry grape or fruit variety, raw-material origin and vintage year where claimed; place, region, sub-region or appellation where the 75% grape threshold is met; and vintage where the 85% vintage threshold is met. Preservative or additive residues present in final wine must be declared.\nLabel registration: State excise approval is an additional layer. Delhi is a verified example: brands for sale in the National Capital Territory of Delhi must be registered with the excise department, and L-1 licensing leads to brand and label approval processes. State label-registration requirements outside Delhi: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.fssai.gov.in/docs/food-law/regulations/Comp_Labelling%20Display_Version%20VIII_09_09_2025.pdf","https://fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Comp_Alcoholic_Beverages_IV_27_08_2025.pdf","https://mail.fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Compendium_Import_VI_02_01_2024.pdf","https://excise.delhi.gov.in/excise/imfl-branch-or-licences-liquor","https://excise.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/Excise/circulars-orders/public_notice_addendum_tc.pdf","https://excise.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/generic_multiple_files/l-1f_application_form_and_annexures.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: State law sets the operative age limits rather than a single sourced national purchase age. Delhi prohibits sale or delivery to a person apparently under 25. Karnataka penalises sale or giving of intoxicants to a child apparently under 18. Bihar, Gujarat, Nagaland and Mizoram are verified prohibition jurisdictions for ordinary sale or consumption, subject to permits and statutory exceptions.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Sale hours, dry days and channels are state-specific. Delhi’s excise guidance states that liquor-sale hours are as specified by order of the Excise Commissioner and gives the L-6 vend timing as 10:00 to 22:00; business premises must close on dry days. Delhi also channels wholesale supply through L-1 licensees and retail through government undertakings and licensed private formats. Tamil Nadu uses a state monopoly for specified wholesale and retail privileges.\nRegional layers: Complete state and Union territory purchase ages, dry days, trading hours, home-delivery rules, wholesale-only exceptions and municipal overlays: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://excise.delhi.gov.in/sites/default/files/generic_multiple_files/delhi_excise_act_2009_delhi_act_10_of_2010.pdf","https://excise.delhi.gov.in/excise/frequently-asked-questions-1","https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/6860/1/21_of_1966_%28e%29.pdf","https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/4693/1/20-2016.pdf","https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/6165/1/prohibition1949.pdf","https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/11850/1/the_nagaland_liquor_total_prohibition_act_1989.pdf","https://excise.mizoram.gov.in/uploads/qms/14f3ffaa23b26862ddcb75b048500bc8/mlp-act-2019-and-rules-2022-and-amendment-2025-cover.pdf","https://www.cpe.tn.gov.in/rules/Prohibition_Act_1937_02082019.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: India protects registered geographical indications under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999. Registration gives legal protection in India and supports action against unauthorised use by others. Labels using geographical indications or names must use them only for products originating in that geographical region, registered under the geographical indications (GI) law and complying with the relevant country-specific GI rules.\nVerified wine name: Nashik Valley Wine is registered in India for manufactured goods in Class 33, with Maharashtra as the geographical area.\nVerified spirit name: Feni is registered in India for manufactured goods in Class 33, with Goa as the geographical area.\nVerified beer names: Bayerisches Bier and Českobudějovické Pivo are registered in India for beer in Class 32. These examples are not exhaustive. Complete beverage-alcohol GI list beyond the verified examples: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.ipindia.gov.in/gi-introduction","https://ipindia.gov.in/page-content/geographical-indications-act-1999","https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublicSearch/Application/Details/123","https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublicSearch/Application/Details/120","https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublicSearch/Application/Details/262","https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublicSearch/Application/Details/250"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 India. It is India’s GS1 member organisation and states that GS1 barcodes encode GTINs for unique product identification; it is the authorised organisation in India to issue GS1 barcodes beginning with 890.","sources":["https://www.gs1india.org/who-we-are","https://www.gs1india.org/get-a-barcode","https://www.gs1india.org/gs1-standards"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Independent B2B marketplace, broker, payment-intermediary and drop-shipment treatment by state; complete state-by-state wholesale, import-permit, monopoly and prohibition operating routes; exact customs duty for a specified product, origin, preference and customs treatment; complete state excise, value-added tax, permit-fee and local-charge calculations; state label-registration requirements outside Delhi; complete state and Union territory purchase ages, dry days, trading hours, home-delivery rules, wholesale-only exceptions and municipal overlays; complete beverage-alcohol GI list beyond the verified examples: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"za","country":"South Africa","address":"za.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. The national channel model separates registered manufacture and distribution from provincially licensed retail sale and micro-manufacture. The National Liquor Authority (NLA) registers macro manufacturers and distributors; provincial authorities license micro-manufacturers and retailers. A distributor is registered to sell only to other liquor licence holders, so business buyers should check the seller’s national or provincial authority for the relevant activity.","sources":["https://www.thedtic.gov.za/legislation/legislation-and-business-regulation/national-liquor-authority/","https://www.thedtic.gov.za/legislation/legislation-and-business-regulation/national-liquor-authority/faqs/","https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a59-03.pdf"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Any person importing goods into South Africa must register with the South African Revenue Service (SARS) as an importer; a foreign importer must nominate a registered agent located in South Africa. Liquor or liquor products above 1% alcohol for drinking purposes, excluding beer, require an import certificate before release from the port of entry. Bottled imports are label-evaluated, and a certificate of removal is required to move imported liquor from the port of entry to the place where it will be sold.\nWholesale and distribution: A person may not manufacture or distribute liquor except as permitted by the Liquor Act. Distribution means selling to a registered person. A distributor registered with the NLA sells only to other liquor licence holders. A manufacturer may distribute its own liquor to manufacturers, distributors and, where registration conditions permit, retail sellers. Registrants must operate from registered premises. Complete provincial retail/micro-manufacturing licence matrix and municipal premises permissions: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Electronic Communications and Transactions Act rules recognise data messages and agreements concluded by data messages. The online ordering channel does not replace the required liquor, customs and excise status for the seller, importer or buyer. Independent B2B platform, broker and payment-intermediary treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.sars.gov.za/customs-and-excise/registration-licensing-and-accreditation/importers/","https://www.gov.za/services/import-liquor/import-certificate-liquor","https://www.gov.za/services/liquor/remove-imported-liquor","https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a59-03.pdf","https://www.thedtic.gov.za/legislation/legislation-and-business-regulation/national-liquor-authority/","https://www.thedtic.gov.za/legislation/legislation-and-business-regulation/national-liquor-authority/faqs/","https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a25-02.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines and certain grape must. Cider and other fermented beverages: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The SARS Tariff Book is the working publication. Schedule 1 Part 1 sets ordinary customs duty by full tariff line and preference column; Schedule 1 Part 2A sets specific excise duties on locally manufactured goods or imported goods of the same class or kind. SARS states that classification is tied to the rate of duty and also affects import-control permits, origin obligations and rebate provisions. A four-digit heading alone does not determine the payable customs duty.\nExcise: SARS treats alcohol excise by product category: malt beer, wine and vermouth, other fermented beverages and spirits. Excise is payable where these products are consumed within the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Relevant entities in South Africa must license with SARS Excise before manufacturing or otherwise dealing in alcohol products on which applicable excise has not yet been paid. Licensed manufacturers self-assess on monthly excise accounts.\nTerritorial treatment: The published schedules provide duties and levies for goods imported into, manufactured locally in or exported from the Republic. Alcohol excise pages describe the charge by reference to consumption within SACU, so cross-border SACU treatment must be checked against the detailed customs and excise procedure for the movement.","sources":["https://www.sars.gov.za/customs-and-excise/tariff/","https://www.sars.gov.za/legal-counsel/primary-legislation/schedules-to-the-customs-and-excise-act-1964/","https://www.sars.gov.za/legal-lprim-ce-sch1p1chpt1-to-99-schedule-no-1-part-1-chapters-1-to-99/","https://www.sars.gov.za/legal-lprim-ce-sch1p2a-schedule-no-1-part-2a/","https://www.sars.gov.za/customs-and-excise/duties-and-taxes/duties-and-taxes-for-importers/","https://www.sars.gov.za/customs-and-excise/excise/alcohol-products/malt-beer/","https://www.sars.gov.za/customs-and-excise/excise/alcohol-products/other-fermented-beverages/","https://www.sars.gov.za/customs-and-excise/excise/alcohol-products/spirits/","https://www.sars.gov.za/customs-and-excise/excise/alcohol-products/wine-and-vermouth/"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): The alcohol health message may be in any South African official language, but must be in the same language as the container label. Current required language for liquor mandatory particulars beyond the health-message rule and prescribed wording alternatives: Not yet sourced.\nMandatory warnings: Container labels for alcoholic beverages must contain at least one prescribed health message. The official messages cover drink-driving, walking on roads after drinking, personal injuries, violence and crime, general health danger, addiction and pregnancy harm. The message must be visible, legible and indelible, in black on a white background, and on a dedicated part of the label.\nAlcohol strength and identity: Liquor Products Act labelling rules require the applicable class designation, alcohol content, country of origin and responsible seller details, with letter-size rules updated in 2025 and 2026. Imported-product guidance requires alcohol content in percentage alcohol/volume style, not only degrees proof.\nAllergens and additives: Wine must declare “contains sulfites”, “contains sulphites” or “bevat sulfiete” where sulphur dioxide exceeds the prescribed threshold. General allergen declarations for liquor products beyond wine sulphites: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin, wine particulars and label approval: Imported bottled products must state origin and importer or code details, and the label is evaluated for the import certificate. The same import certificate number may be used only while composition, content, bottle size and label remain unchanged. Wine of Origin indications may be used only for certified wine and only for authorised officially demarcated origin areas. Imported beer label approval route: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.health.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Regulations-Alcohol-Health-Labelling-R-764-of-24-August-2007.pdf","https://www.health.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Labelling-Regulations-R146-of-1-March-2010.pdf","https://www.nda.gov.za/images/Branches/AgricProducHealthFoodSafety/food-safety-and-quality-assurance/liquor-products/guideline-documents/regulations-annotated-05-2019.pdf","https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202503/52263rg11809gon5976.pdf","https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202608/55151rg12032gon7776.pdf","https://nda.gov.za/images/Branches/AgricProducHealthFoodSafety/food-safety-and-quality-assurance/liquor-products/guideline-documents/labelling-requirements-for-south-african-wine-2019.pdf","https://nda.gov.za/images/Branches/AgricProducHealthFoodSafety/food-safety-and-quality-assurance/liquor-products/export-regulations-and-procedures/label-requirements-for-imported-products.pdf","https://www.gov.za/services/import-liquor/import-certificate-liquor"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase/supply age: 18. The Liquor Act defines a minor as a person under 18 and prohibits selling or supplying liquor to a minor. It also requires reasonable age-checking measures and prohibits a minor from producing, importing or supplying liquor, subject to limited supervised parental, guardian or religious-sacrament supply.\nSale-hour and channel limits: There is no single national retail-hours schedule in the national Liquor Act. Provinces regulate retail sale, consumption and micro-manufacture, while national law regulates manufacture and wholesale distribution. A retail sale to a person known, or reasonably understood, to be buying for resale can become distribution under the national Act.\nRegional layers: Western Cape legislation lets municipalities set trading days and hours within provincial limits; if no municipal determination applies, default off-consumption and on-consumption hours apply under the Act. Gauteng guidance publishes different on-consumption, off-consumption, hotel and nightclub hours. Complete provincial and municipal trading hours, dry-area rules and wholesale-delivery hour limits: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a59-03.pdf","https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2013/July/western-cape-liquor-act-2008.pdf","https://www.wcpp.gov.za/?q=node%2F12710","https://cmbinary.gauteng.gov.za/Media?Item=73&Location=%2Fecodev&Type=Documents&path=ecodev%2FDocuments%2FBooklets+and+Brochures%2FGauteng+Liquor+Board+Information+Brochure.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: South African wine-origin names are controlled through the Wine of Origin Scheme under the Liquor Products Act. Only certified wine may use an indication of origin and only authorised officially demarcated origin areas may be used. Separate Liquor Products Act notices protect European Union (EU) liquor geographical indications against misuse, imitation and evocation. Beer geographical-indication words are also protected under a Merchandise Marks Act final notice. The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) framework also records reciprocal protection of South African wine names.\nVerified examples: South African wine examples include Stellenbosch and Paarl. Protected foreign wine examples include Champagne and Rioja. Protected spirit examples include Cognac, Armagnac, Irish Whiskey or Irish Whisky, and Scotch Whisky. Protected beer examples include Bayerisches Bier, České pivo and Münchener Bier. These examples are not exhaustive.","sources":["https://www.nda.gov.za/index.php/publication/543-geographical-indications-and-designations-of-origin","https://nda.gov.za/images/Branches/AgricProducHealthFoodSafety/food-safety-and-quality-assurance/liquor-products/guideline-documents/labelling-requirements-for-south-african-wine-2019.pdf","https://www.gov.za/documents/liquor-products-act-wine-origin-scheme-defining-production-area-paarl","https://www.gov.za/zu/documents/liquor-products-act-wine-origin-scheme-defining-production-area-stellenbosch-amendment","https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201610/40382gen722.pdf","https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201610/40359gon1303.pdf","https://www.gov.za/speeches/geographical-indications-2-nov-2016-0000"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 South Africa. GS1 South Africa states that it is the official supplier in South Africa for GS1 barcodes and GTINs.","sources":["https://gs1za.org/barcodes/buy-barcode/","https://gs1za.org/education-support/helpful-tools/faqs/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Complete provincial retail/micro-manufacturing licence matrix and municipal premises permissions; independent B2B platform, broker and payment-intermediary treatment; required language for liquor mandatory particulars beyond the health-message rule and prescribed wording alternatives; general allergen declarations for liquor products beyond wine sulphites; imported beer label approval route; complete provincial and municipal trading hours, dry-area rules and wholesale-delivery hour limits: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ng","country":"Nigeria","address":"ng.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may trade beverage alcohol only through the relevant product-registration, import-clearance, customs-permit and excise-licensing routes. The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) controls registration of food products, including alcoholic beverages, while the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) lists an alcohol permit for businesses that import, distribute and sell alcoholic products.","sources":["https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Guidelines/FOOD_GUIDELINES/Guidelines-for-Registration-of-Imported-Food-Products-in-Nigeria.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Guidelines/FOOD_GUIDELINES/Guidelines-for-Registration-of-Food-Products-and-Packaged-Water-Made-in-Nigeria.pdf","https://code.customs.gov.ng/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import and product registration: An importer of food products must register the product with NAFDAC before the product is manufactured, imported, exported, advertised, sold, distributed or used in Nigeria. The imported-food registration file includes the local applicant, authority from the foreign manufacturer, free-sale/manufacture evidence, certificate of analysis, evidence of business incorporation in Nigeria, trade mark evidence and label or artwork. NAFDAC issues an import permit after screening, then assesses labels, samples, Good Manufacturing Practice and laboratory results before notification of registration.\nCustoms and port clearance: For regulated food imports, the applicant is normally the NAFDAC certificate holder, a global-listing certificate holder or a company with a valid letter of no objection. Port documents include the Single Goods Declaration (SGD), commercial invoice, Pre-Arrival Assessment Report (PAAR), Form M, transport document, packing list, product registration evidence, certificate of analysis and warehouse address. Products are not to be sold or distributed until NAFDAC’s satisfactory pronouncement and laboratory evaluation route is completed.\nWholesale and distribution: The NCS alcohol permit is the customs permit identified for businesses importing, distributing and selling alcoholic products. Signup for NCS operational licences or permits requires company registration with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), a Tax Identification Number (TIN) and an application through the NCS portal. The required NAFDAC registration holder or no-objection route remains relevant where another party imports registered retail food products.\nLocal manufacture and excise: Nigerian-made food products require NAFDAC registration, including business incorporation, product label or artwork, certificate of analysis and satisfactory facility inspection or Good Manufacturing Practice evidence. Manufacturers of excisable alcoholic goods require the applicable excise licence and NCS factory approval, bond or cash-deposit arrangements, manufacturing records and NCS supervision.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Specific domestic B2B online platform, marketplace, broker, payment-intermediary and state or local premises requirements: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Guidelines/FOOD_GUIDELINES/Guidelines-for-Registration-of-Imported-Food-Products-in-Nigeria.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Guidelines/PORTINSPECTION_GUIDELINES/Guidelines-for-Clearing-Imported-Regulated-Food-Including-Global-Listing-for-Supermarket-Items-Restuarant-Operators.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Guidelines/FOOD_GUIDELINES/Guidelines-for-Registration-of-Food-Products-and-Packaged-Water-Made-in-Nigeria.pdf","https://code.customs.gov.ng/","https://customs.gov.ng/rules-guidelines/excise"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry and mead; qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty framework: Nigeria uses the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Common External Tariff (CET), based on the World Customs Organization (WCO) Harmonized System (HS). The NCS publishes the CET tariff and tariff schedules. The full tariff statistical nomenclature code, origin, import-duty column, value-added tax column, import-adjustment-tax column, excise column and any current fiscal-policy measure must be checked for the specific product. Customs valuation normally starts from the transaction value and is applied on a Cost Insurance Freight (CIF) basis.\nExcise: NCS lists beer and stout, wines, and spirits and other alcoholic beverages as goods liable to excise duty. Alcohol manufacturers must hold the relevant excise licence, obtain NCS approval for excise premises, give the required bond or deposit, keep material, operation and finished-product records, and allow NCS supervisory checks.\nTerritorial treatment: NCS tariff treatment applies on entry into the Nigerian customs territory. Nigeria Export Processing Zones Authority (NEPZA) describes free zones as areas deemed outside the customs territory, with special treatment for approved activities. Free-zone goods may be sold into the customs territory only with a valid permit and payment of the appropriate duties.","sources":["https://cms.customs.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/CET-rules.pdf","https://customs.gov.ng/cet-tariff/","https://customs.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Import-and-Export-Procedure-Corrected_Final.pdf","https://customs.gov.ng/rules-guidelines/excise","https://customs.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/CET-Schedules.pdf","https://nepza.gov.ng/free-zones","https://nepza.gov.ng/faq-2/"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Pre-packaged food label information must be in English and may include other languages.\nCore particulars: Pre-packaged food must carry the specific food name, ingredient list, net content, manufacturer and relevant distributor, importer, exporter or vendor details, country of origin, date marking where required, storage conditions, batch number, NAFDAC registration number and nutrition information for non-single-ingredient foods. Imported products must show the manufacturer and the certificate-of-registration holder.\nMandatory warnings: Wine and spirit-drink labels require prominent 18+ age indication, and spirit-drink labels must not make health claims. Alcoholic-beverage advertising materials must include “Drink responsibly” and “Not for under 18 years” or “18+”. A general physical-label pregnancy warning, and physical-label warning rules for beer or cider outside the product-specific rules: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Spirit drinks may not be sold unless the principal display panel declares the actual percentage by volume of absolute alcohol. Wine rules define categories and strength ranges for wine types, including cider within the wine schedule. General actual-strength display for wine, cider and other non-spirit products: Not yet sourced.\nAllergens: Ingredients known to cause hypersensitivity, including cereals containing gluten, milk products and sulphites at 10 milligrams per kilogram or more, must be declared. Wine containing sulphites above 10 parts per million requires a label declaration.\nOrigin and wine particulars: Wine requires a clear country-of-origin indication. Where wine is blended, bottled or packed outside the country of origin, the label must state the relevant blending, bottling or packing information. Vintage, varietal, sweetness and single-vineyard claims have percentage and origin conditions. Traditional quality terms require entitlement to a recognised appellation of origin or recognised geographical indication.\nLabel registration: Imported and local registration applications include label or artwork review. Registered pre-packaged foods must bear the NAFDAC registration number.","sources":["https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Regulations/FOOD_REGULATIONS/Pre-packaged-Food-Water-and-Ice-Labelling-Regulations-2019.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Regulations/All_Regulations/Spirit-Drink-Regulations-2019.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Regulations/All_Regulations/Wine-Regulations-2019.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Guidelines/FOOD_GUIDELINES/Guidelines-for-Advertisement-Control-of-Food-Products-in-Nigeria.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Guidelines/FOOD_GUIDELINES/Guidelines-for-Registration-of-Imported-Food-Products-in-Nigeria.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Guidelines/FOOD_GUIDELINES/Guidelines-for-Registration-of-Food-Products-and-Packaged-Water-Made-in-Nigeria.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: Not yet sourced.\nAge indication and advertising: NAFDAC wine and spirit-drink rules require prominent 18+ age indication on the product label. NAFDAC advertisement guidance requires alcoholic-beverage advertising materials to include “Drink responsibly” and “Not for under 18 years” or “18+”.\nPack and channel limit: NAFDAC announced enforcement of the ban on production and sale of alcoholic beverages in sachets and small-volume polyethylene terephthalate or glass bottles below 200 millilitres by December 2025. NAFDAC stated that the affected categories are spirit drinks packaged in sachets and small-volume bottles below 200 millilitres.\nSale-hour limits: Not yet sourced.\nRegional layers: State and local retail-licensing, premises, trading-hour and wholesale-only exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Regulations/All_Regulations/Spirit-Drink-Regulations-2019.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Regulations/All_Regulations/Wine-Regulations-2019.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Guidelines/FOOD_GUIDELINES/Guidelines-for-Advertisement-Control-of-Food-Products-in-Nigeria.pdf","https://nafdac.gov.ng/press-release-by-director-general-national-agency-for-food-and-drug-administration-and-control-prof-mojisola-christianah-adeyeyenafdac-reaffirms-commitment-to-enforce-the-ban-on-alcohol-in-sachets-a/"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The Nigerian Industrial Property Office (NIPO) administers trade mark registration. Its guidance states that ordinary geographical names are not eligible for trade mark registration, and that deceptive or confusing marks are not eligible. NAFDAC’s wine and spirit rules also regulate the use of geographical indications (GIs), geographical designations, appellations of origin and quality terms in beverage labels.\nWine names: Wine varietal names must not create confusion with a recognised appellation of origin or recognised GI. Traditional wine quality terms require entitlement to a recognised appellation of origin or recognised GI and attribution by an official organisation of the country of origin.\nSpirit names: NAFDAC defines a spirit-drink GI and requires spirit-drink names to be presented so as to protect GIs and geographical designations. Verified spirit examples in the regulations include Scotch Whisky, Irish Whisky, Cognac, Armagnac, Bourbon and Tennessee Whisky. These examples are not exhaustive.\nBeer, cider and Nigerian wine protected-name examples: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://nipo.gov.ng/faqs.jsp","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Regulations/All_Regulations/Spirit-Drink-Regulations-2019.pdf","https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/Files/Resources/Regulations/All_Regulations/Wine-Regulations-2019.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Nigeria. GS1 Nigeria states that a GTIN is a GS1 identification key for trade items and directs users to obtain a GTIN from GS1 Nigeria.","sources":["https://gs1ng.org/2023/09/14/how-to-obtain-gtin-gln-and-sscc/","https://gs1ng.org/become-a-gs1-nigeria-member-today/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Domestic online B2B platform, marketplace, broker, payment-intermediary and state or local premises requirements; general physical-label pregnancy warning and beer or cider physical-label warning outside product-specific rules; general actual-strength display for wine, cider and other non-spirit products; legal purchase age; sale-hour limits; state and local retail-licensing, premises, trading-hour and wholesale-only exceptions; beer, cider and Nigerian wine protected-name examples: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ke","country":"Kenya","address":"ke.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Alcoholic drinks may be imported, exported, manufactured, sold, disposed of or otherwise dealt in only under a licence. The current official materials identify National Authority for the Campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse (NACADA) licensing for alcoholic-drink import and export, and county-government licensing for alcohol-selling outlets. Wholesale, brewer and retail licence categories are set out in the Alcoholic Drinks Control Act framework.","sources":["https://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Alcoholic_Drinks_Control_Act%28Cap.121%29.pdf","https://nacada.go.ke/alcoholic-drinks-import-and-export-licensing","https://nacada.go.ke/faqs-frequently-asked-questions"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: An importer needs an alcoholic-drinks import licence. NACADA states that applications are filed online through the Single Window Platform and require business registration evidence, director or owner identification, Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) personal identification number and tax-compliance evidence, business location details, and a product profile showing brand, expected volumes, alcohol content, country of origin and Harmonised System (HS) classification. Beverage consignments also sit within the import process for the Import Declaration Form (IDF), Certificate of Conformity (CoC) where applicable, and Import Standardization Mark (ISM) permit for products sold locally.\nWholesale and distribution: The Alcoholic Drinks Control Act prohibits manufacture, sale, disposal, dealing, import or export except under the Act. The wholesale licence authorises sale at the specified premises subject to conditions, and a brewer’s licence can authorise wholesale sale or delivery from depot throughout Kenya. County liquor licensing applies to selling outlets. Excisable-goods manufacture and imports requiring excise stamps may also require KRA excise licensing or registration.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: An online order does not remove the underlying requirement to hold the relevant alcohol licence for sale, dealing, import or distribution. Specific treatment of independent online marketplaces, agents, payment intermediaries and delivery-only models: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://nacada.go.ke/alcoholic-drinks-import-and-export-licensing","https://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Alcoholic_Drinks_Control_Act%28Cap.121%29.pdf","https://nacada.go.ke/faqs-frequently-asked-questions","https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/2015/23/eng%402024-12-27/source","https://infotradekenya.go.ke/procedure/1796?l=en","https://www.kebs.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMPORT_STANDARDIZATION_MARK_GUIDELINES.pdf","https://www.kra.go.ke/helping-tax-payers/faqs/customs-and-border-control"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine and certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry and mead, and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Kenya applies the East African Community (EAC) Common External Tariff (CET). KRA states that duties are assessed using customs value and tariff classification as provided under the EAC CET, together with the applicable tax and levy laws. The EAC CET and KRA notices are the official publication route; a four-digit heading alone is not enough for a shipment calculation because the full tariff line, origin, preference, exemption and any current legal notice must be checked.\nExcise: Excise duty applies to excisable goods manufactured in Kenya by a licensed manufacturer and to excisable goods imported into Kenya. Finished beverage categories include wines and other fruit-fermented alcoholic beverages, beer/cider/perry/mead/opaque beer and fermented-beverage mixtures with low-strength spirituous beverages, powdered beer, and higher-strength spirits and spirituous beverages. The current structure for the main beverage groups is based on pure alcohol, with a separate small independent brewer category. Alcoholic beverages are subject to excise-stamp controls.\nTerritorial treatment: Customs and excise sources state the treatment for goods imported into Kenya and goods exported under customs control. County licensing is a subnational sale-control layer, not a separate customs-tariff publication. Special economic zone, export processing zone, bonded warehouse and other free-zone treatment for beverage alcohol: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.kra.go.ke/images/publications/CET-2022-VERSION-260722.pdf","https://www.kra.go.ke/news-center/public-notices/1733-implementation-of-the-2022-harmonized-system-the-2022-east-african-community-common-external-tariff","https://www.kra.go.ke/helping-tax-payers/faqs/customs-and-border-control","https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/2015/23/eng%402024-12-27/source","https://www.kra.go.ke/news-center/public-notices/1534-roll-out-of-new-generation-of-excise-stamps"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Statements, information and declarations required on food labels must be in English; other languages may also appear. Alcohol health-warning messages under the Alcoholic Drinks Control Act may be in English or Kiswahili.\nMandatory warnings: Every package containing an alcoholic drink must carry a statement of constituents and at least two prescribed health-warning messages. The prescribed messages cover harm to health, liver cirrhosis, impaired judgement with driving or machinery, and under-18 sale. The statement and warnings must occupy at least 30% of total package surface area, and non-conforming imports must bear the prescribed warning sticker at import.\nAlcohol strength: A distilled alcoholic beverage, liqueur or alcoholic cordial below the specified spirits threshold must declare the actual percentage by volume of absolute alcohol on the main panel. Universal retail-label alcohol-strength declaration for beer, wine and cider: Not yet sourced.\nAllergen lines: Ingredient and constituent declarations apply under the general food and alcohol rules. Allergen-specific declaration rules for alcoholic drinks: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin lines: Imported brandy must clearly indicate the country of origin. NACADA import licensing asks for country of origin in the product profile. General origin-labelling rules for beer, wine, cider and other spirits: Not yet sourced.\nWine and beverage particulars: Kenya’s food regulations prescribe standards for wine, fruit wine, vermouth or flavoured wine, cider, beer and opaque beer. Sector-specific wine label particulars beyond those general and composition rules: Not yet sourced.\nLabel registration and conformity marks: Imported products intended for sale in Kenya require the ISM where applicable after Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) conformity procedures. Separate prior label approval or label registration for alcoholic drinks: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/ln/1978/105/eng%402022-12-31/source","https://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/FoodsDrugsandChemicalSubstancesAct_Cap.%20254.pdf","https://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Alcoholic_Drinks_Control_Act%28Cap.121%29.pdf","https://www.kebs.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IMPORT_STANDARDIZATION_MARK_GUIDELINES.pdf","https://nacada.go.ke/alcoholic-drinks-import-and-export-licensing"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. The Alcoholic Drinks Control Act prohibits knowingly selling, supplying or providing alcoholic drink to a person under 18 and provides an age-verification defence based on specified documents. A retailer must display signs stating that sale or availing of alcohol to under-18s is prohibited.\nAccess and channel limits: A licensee may not employ a person under 18 to sell, control or supervise alcoholic drinks or to have custody or control of them on licensed premises. A person under 18 may not be allowed to enter areas where alcoholic drinks are manufactured, stored or consumed. Sale by automatic vending machine is prohibited. Sachets and containers below the statutory minimum size are restricted.\nSale hours: National licensing regulations set licence-type hours. General retail is authorised during evening hours on weekdays and from afternoon to late evening on weekends and public holidays; supermarket or franchised off-licence sales use a separate daytime-to-evening window. Hotels, clubs, travellers, railway and steamship licences have distinct exceptions.\nRegional layer: NACADA states that licensing of alcohol-selling outlets is devolved to county governments. Nairobi City County has its own alcoholic-drinks control and licensing law with sub-county committees and its own licence-hour schedule. Complete county-by-county hours, delivery hours and local conditions beyond Nairobi: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Alcoholic_Drinks_Control_Act%28Cap.121%29.pdf","https://nacada.go.ke/faqs-frequently-asked-questions","https://www.kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/NairobiCityCountyAlcoholicDrinksControlandLicensingAct_2014.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Kenya protects signs through the Trade Marks Act, including certification trade marks and collective trade marks. Geographical names or other indications of geographical origin may be registered as collective trade marks or service marks. Kenya is also within the World Trade Organization treaty framework under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), whose Article 23 gives additional protection to geographical indications for wines and spirits.\nVerified examples: Kenya’s food regulations define Scotch whisky, Irish whiskey, Canadian whisky, Cognac and Armagnac by reference to production in the named origin and the law of that origin. Imported brandy must clearly show country of origin. These examples are not exhaustive.\nRegistered Kenyan wine, spirit, beer and cider geographical indications, and additional protected beer or cider names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/1955/51/eng%402022-12-31/source","https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/trips_e.htm","https://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/FoodsDrugsandChemicalSubstancesAct_Cap.%20254.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Kenya. GS1 Kenya states that it is a GS1 Member Organisation and that membership gives access to a GS1 Company Prefix and GTIN allocation for products.","sources":["https://www.gs1kenya.org/about/","https://gs1kenya.org/get_barcodes"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Specific treatment of independent online alcohol marketplaces, agents, payment intermediaries and delivery-only models; special economic zone, export processing zone, bonded warehouse and other free-zone treatment for beverage alcohol; universal retail-label alcohol-strength declaration for beer, wine and cider; allergen-specific declaration rules for alcoholic drinks; general origin-labelling rules for beer, wine, cider and other spirits; sector-specific wine label particulars beyond general and composition rules; separate prior label approval or label registration for alcoholic drinks; complete county-by-county hours, delivery hours and local conditions beyond Nairobi; registered Kenyan wine, spirit, beer and cider geographical indications, and additional protected beer or cider names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"gh","country":"Ghana","address":"gh.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may import, manufacture, distribute and sell beverage alcohol where the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) product and importer rules, liquor-sale licences, Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) excise or tax-stamp registrations and any applicable local assembly permissions are satisfied. This classification reflects a licensing and registration model rather than a state trading model.","sources":["https://fdaghana.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Public-Health-Act-851-2.pdf","https://fdaghana.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMPORT-PERMIT-AND-CLEARANCE-OF-PREPACKAGED-FOODS-GUIDELINES.pdf","https://www.brr.gov.gh/acc/registry/docs/LIQUOR%20LICENSING%20ACT%2C%201970%20ACT%20331.pdf","https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/excise-duty/","https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/excise-tax/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: A food importer must be registered by the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA), and pre-packaged foods for local consumption must be registered before import, distribution or sale. Importers must obtain the electronic Ministries Departments and Agencies (eMDA) import or clearance permit for each consignment, provide the registered product details and use approved permits at the port. Customs clearance uses the Integrated Customs Management System (ICUMS), with the Import Declaration Form, Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) or GhanaCard personal identification number, invoice, packing list, transport document and required agency permits.\nWholesale and distribution: A food may not be manufactured, imported, exported, distributed, sold or supplied unless registered by the FDA. Spirits are sold under the liquor-licence categories in the Liquor Licensing Act, including a wholesale licence for qualifying quantities not consumed on the premises. Wine and beer require a spirit licence, off-licence or on-licence. Manufacturers and importers of excisable alcoholic beverages must also address excise and excise tax-stamp obligations before goods enter sale channels.\nRaw ethyl alcohol stockists: GRA registration or authorisation applies to alcohol stockists who purchase ethyl alcohol in bulk in its raw state and sell it. Stockist obligations include accurate import declarations, sales invoices, records, returns and sales only to registered stockists, registered blenders and manufacturers, unless GRA clearance is obtained.\nLocal premises layer: In Accra, the Accra Metropolitan Assembly requires a licence to distil or sell intoxicating liquor as a wholesaler or retailer, separate distillation and retailing licences, premises suitability checks and compliance with the Liquor Licensing Act. Other district assembly premises permissions outside Accra: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://fdaghana.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Public-Health-Act-851-2.pdf","https://fdaghana.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMPORT-PERMIT-AND-CLEARANCE-OF-PREPACKAGED-FOODS-GUIDELINES.pdf","https://fdaghana.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/GUIDELINES-FOR-REGISTRATION-AS-AN-IMPORTER-OF-FOOD.pdf","https://fdaghana.gov.gh/services-2/imports-and-exports-control/","https://gra.gov.gh/customs/import-procedures/","https://www.brr.gov.gh/acc/registry/docs/LIQUOR%20LICENSING%20ACT%2C%201970%20ACT%20331.pdf","https://ama.gov.gh/doc/bye-laws1.pdf","https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/excise-duty/","https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/excise-tax/"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines and qualifying grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry and mead, plus qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below the Harmonised System (HS) strength threshold, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty framework: Ghana applies the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Common External Tariff bands and publishes a GRA HS-code search table showing HS code, heading, quantity unit, import duty, import value added tax, import excise, export duty and National Health Insurance Levy fields. Payable duty depends on the full tariff line, customs value, origin, preferences, restrictions and agency permits, not merely on the four-digit heading.\nCustoms process: Declarations are submitted through ICUMS by the clearing agent and are processed for classification, valuation and approval before duties and taxes are paid. The Customs Act requires customs tariffs, taxes, rates and statistical nomenclatures to conform to the HS, and customs value is generally based on the transaction value adjusted as required by law.\nExcise: Excise duty applies to selected imported and locally manufactured alcoholic drinks and is single-stage, paid once by the manufacturer or importer when goods leave the factory gate or at entry. Beer and stout are structured by local raw-material tiers; wines including sparkling wine are a separate category; spirits including Akpeteshie distinguish distilled or rectified, blended or compounded, denatured and other specified uses; cider beer is listed separately. Alcoholic beverages in bottles, cans, kegs or other sale packaging require excise tax stamps before sale or release into trade channels.\nTerritorial and special regimes: Customs liability can arise when dutiable goods are entered for consumption, unlawfully introduced, removed from a customs-controlled area or free zone into another part of Ghana, or used, consumed or lost in a free zone other than as permitted. Exact product/origin import duty calculation and beverage-alcohol treatment in free zones, bonded warehouses and duty-free shops: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/nomenclature/instruments-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022/2022/0422_2022e.pdf?la=en","https://gra.gov.gh/customs/customs-tariffs-and-levies/","https://gra.gov.gh/customs/hs_code/","https://gra.gov.gh/customs/import-procedures/","https://gra.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Customs-Act-2015.pdf","https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/excise-duty/","https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/excise-tax/"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language: Pre-packaged food labelling must be in English, legible and indelible. The FDA general labelling requirements call for the product name, net weight or net volume, ingredient list using specific names or E-numbers, date of manufacture, best-before or use-by date where applicable, batch or lot number, country of origin, manufacturer or agent name and complete address, directions for use if any, and storage or handling instructions.\nPrimary and secondary packaging: Where a product has both primary and secondary packaging, both must meet FDA food-labelling requirements. Imported pre-packaged foods must comply with existing Ghana Standards, including Ghana Standard (GS) 46:2004 on labelling of pre-packaged foods, and a non-conforming imported product can include one that does not conform to labelling rules.\nMandatory warnings: FDA advertisement rules for alcoholic beverages require health warnings in advertisements, including responsible drinking, under-18 sale, pregnancy and lactation, and drink-driving warnings. Package-label alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength and allergens: Alcohol strength declaration: Not yet sourced. Allergen-specific declaration, including sulphites or fining residues for wine: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin and responsible business: Country of origin and the name and complete address of the manufacturer or agent are required on pre-packaged food labels. Locally manufactured food labels additionally require the specific premises location address.\nWine particulars: Wine-specific category, vintage, variety, provenance, importer or ingredient/nutrition particulars: Not yet sourced.\nLabel registration and review: The Public Health Act treats false, misleading or misbranded food labelling as an offence. The FDA food-registration function processes applications and advises on labelling and packaging suitability before applications are accepted.","sources":["https://fdaghana.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/GENERAL-LABELLING-REQUIREMENTS-1.pdf","https://fdaghana.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMPORT-PERMIT-AND-CLEARANCE-OF-PREPACKAGED-FOODS-GUIDELINES.pdf","https://fdaghana.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Public-Health-Act-851-2.pdf","https://fdaghana.gov.gh/services-2/product-registration/food-registration/","https://fdaghana.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/GUIDELINES-FOR-ADVERTISEMENT-OF-REGULATED-PRODUCTS-Final-1.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: National general purchase age for all channels: Not yet sourced. National liquor licensing excludes a person under the apparent age of 18 from the bar of licensed premises during permitted hours, and FDA alcohol-advertising rules require an under-18 sale warning in alcoholic-beverage advertisements. In Accra, a licence holder must not allow a person who has not attained 18 years to distil, buy or sell intoxicating liquor on the premises and must demand proof of age and identity where the person appears under 18.\nSale-hour and channel limits: The Liquor Licensing Act uses permitted hours and empowers regulations to prescribe those hours. Exact current national permitted hours: Not yet sourced. Channel limits are licence-based: spirits require the appropriate spirits licence category, while wine and beer require a spirit licence, off-licence or on-licence. The Act also prohibits sale to a drunken person and sale of Akpeteshie, spirits, beer or wine to a police officer in uniform.\nRegional layers: Accra applies its own local by-law for distilling or selling intoxicating liquor as wholesale or retail, including premises suitability review, annual licence expiry and inspection powers. Detailed local rules outside Accra: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.brr.gov.gh/acc/registry/docs/LIQUOR%20LICENSING%20ACT%2C%201970%20ACT%20331.pdf","https://fdaghana.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/GUIDELINES-FOR-ADVERTISEMENT-OF-REGULATED-PRODUCTS-Final-1.pdf","https://ama.gov.gh/doc/bye-laws1.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Ghana’s Geographical Indications Act protects geographical indications (GIs) through civil proceedings, offences and registration with the Registrar. Protection is available whether or not a GI is registered, while registration raises a presumption that the indication is a GI. Only producers in the registered geographical area may use a registered GI in trade for the registered products, provided the products possess the registered quality, reputation or other characteristic.\nWine and spirits: The Act gives specific treatment to wine and spirit GIs. Use of a GI identifying wines or spirits for wines or spirits not originating in the indicated place can be prevented even if the true origin is shown or the indication is translated or accompanied by expressions such as kind, style or imitation. Trade marks for wines or spirits that contain or consist of a GI identifying wines or spirits must be refused or cancelled where the goods do not have the claimed origin.\nInternational layer: Ghana acceded to the Geneva Act of the Lisbon Agreement; it entered into force for Ghana on 3 February 2022. The competent authority notified for Lisbon procedures is the Industrial Property Office, Registrar General's Department, Ministry of Justice.\nVerified examples: The Registrar General’s Department identifies Kente Cloth as Ghana’s first protected GI. Verified Ghana beverage-alcohol GI names, and verified foreign wine, spirit and beer names protected in Ghana by register or Lisbon grant: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://bcp.gov.gh/acc/registry/docs/GEOGRAPHICAL%20INDICATIONS%20ACT%2C%202003%20%28ACT%20659%29%20%C2%A0.pdf","https://rgd.gov.gh/gi.html","https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/treaties/notifications/details/treaty_lisbon_49","https://www.wipo.int/documents/d/lisbon-system/docs-en-lisbon_2022_1.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Ghana. GS1 Ghana identifies itself as the official supplier of barcodes in Ghana and states that it licenses GS1 barcodes for global use.","sources":["https://gs1gh.org/","https://www.gs1gh.org/barcode.html","https://ref.gs1.org/gs1/annual-report/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Business-to-business online sale and platform/broker treatment; district assembly premises permissions outside Accra; exact product/origin import duty calculation and beverage-alcohol treatment in free zones, bonded warehouses and duty-free shops; package label alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; alcohol strength declaration; allergen-specific declaration; wine-specific particulars; nationwide legal purchase age for all channels; current national permitted sale hours; detailed local rules outside Accra; Ghana beverage-alcohol geographical indication names and foreign wine, spirit and beer names protected in Ghana by register or Lisbon grant: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ma","country":"Morocco","address":"ma.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may trade beverage alcohol, but the channel is licence- and authorisation-based: bottle trading requires prior local administrative authorisation, on-premise alcohol premises require a licence, food import and establishment controls are handled by the Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits Alimentaires (ONSSA), and wine and spirits wholesale have separate ONSSA approvals.","sources":["https://adala.justice.gov.ma/api/uploads/2024/02/07/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A3%D9%88%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%20%E2%80%93%20%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1-1707300776400.pdf","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/agrement-et-autorisation/etablissements-agroalimentaires/","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/controle-des-produits-alimentaires/produits-vegetaux-et-d-origine-vegetale/agrements-et-labels-qualite/agrements-des-vins/","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/controle-des-produits-alimentaires/produits-vegetaux-et-d-origine-vegetale/agrements-et-labels-qualite/des-boissons-spiritueuses/"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Importers use the Moroccan import-title system through PortNet. Goods free to import use an engagement d’importation; goods subject to authorisation use a licence d’importation sent through PortNet for ministry visa. Food products, including beverages, are subject to ONSSA sanitary import control, conformity with food-safety rules and official sanitary documents from the country of origin where required.\nWholesale and distribution: Trading alcoholic or alcoholised drinks by bottle requires prior authorisation from the local administrative authority after consultation with police or gendarmerie services. Food-sector establishments and undertakings, other than retail and collective catering, require ONSSA sanitary approval or authorisation before operation. Wine wholesale or half-wholesale is subject to ONSSA approval after favourable prefectural or provincial opinion. Distillation, manufacture, bottling and wholesale or half-wholesale of eaux-de-vie and spirit drinks require ONSSA authorisation after favourable prefectural or provincial opinion. Beer and cider wholesale-specific authorisations beyond the general alcohol and food rules: Not yet sourced.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Moroccan electronic-contract law recognises contracts concluded or transmitted electronically and allows electronic offers and professional information, but the online channel does not replace the alcohol, food, import, customs or local permissions applicable to the underlying transaction. Specific independent B2B platform, broker and payment-intermediary treatment: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.portnet.ma/titre-d-importation","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/controle-a-limportation-et-a-lexportation/","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/agrement-et-autorisation/etablissements-agroalimentaires/","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/controle-des-produits-alimentaires/produits-vegetaux-et-d-origine-vegetale/agrements-et-labels-qualite/agrements-des-vins/","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/controle-des-produits-alimentaires/produits-vegetaux-et-d-origine-vegetale/agrements-et-labels-qualite/des-boissons-spiritueuses/","https://adala.justice.gov.ma/api/uploads/2024/02/07/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A3%D9%88%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%20%E2%80%93%20%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1-1707300776400.pdf","https://adala.justice.gov.ma/api/uploads/2024/03/26/%C3%89change%20%C3%A9lectronique%20des%20donn%C3%A9es%20juridiques-1711452342909.pdf"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine; certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Certain undenatured ethyl alcohol, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Morocco’s customs tariff comprises Harmonized System (HS) positions and subpositions and the applicable duty rates. Unless the Customs Code or an agreement provides otherwise, imported goods are liable to the import duties entered in the tariff, independently of other taxes. The Assistance au Dédouanement des marchandises à l’Importation en Ligne (ADIL) portal is the official tool for customs duties, taxes, mandatory documents, applicable standards and preferential advantages. A four-digit heading alone does not establish payable duty.\nExcise: The Taxe intérieure de consommation (TIC) applies to imported or locally produced categories including beer, wines and alcohols. It is liquidated and collected as for customs duties. Imported and domestically produced goods in the covered categories bear the same quotas. Liability arises at importation for foreign goods and at production for goods produced in the taxable territory; the customs declarant, principal and any guarantor can be liable. Where taxation depends on the taxable content, the content is determined by the laboratory designated by the finance minister.\nTerritorial treatment: The customs territory is the national territory including territorial waters. The taxable territory excludes industrial acceleration zones. Entry from abroad or from an industrial acceleration zone into the taxable territory is treated as importation; release for consumption requires payment of applicable duties and taxes and completion of customs formalities.","sources":["https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/nomenclature/instruments-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022/2022/0422_2022e.pdf?la=en","https://www.tgr.gov.ma/wps/wcm/connect/12f71395-9126-4cea-b110-0e716dec57b9/code%2Bg%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%2Bdes%2Bdouanes%2B2026.pdf?MOD=AJPERES","https://www.mre.gov.ma/fr/e-services/dedouanement-de-marchandises-adil"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory food information must be in Arabic; one or more other languages may also be used. The agriculture minister may exempt certain imported products, products for a particular clientele and certain locally made beverages from Arabic labelling.\nMandatory warnings: Product-dependent statements apply, including sweetener, aspartame, polyol, liquorice and other supplementary statements listed in the labelling decree. A mandatory general alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Prepacked beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume must indicate acquired alcoholic strength by volume. For wine, bottle labels must also show the alcoholic degree and the denomination under which the wine is sold.\nIngredients, nutrition and allergens: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume are exempt from the general ingredient-list and nutrition-information requirements, but allergen or intolerance substances remain mandatory. Where there is no ingredient list, the indication uses “contains” followed by the allergen. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites are listed above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, expressed as total sulphur dioxide.\nOrigin and responsible operator: Prepacked products require the country of origin or place of provenance and the food-business details required by the decree, including importer details for imported products under the current amended text.\nWine particulars: Ordinary Moroccan and foreign wine blends must be sold with the indicated “vin de coupage” statement and the prescribed domestic/imported indication where applicable. Appellation claims must meet the separate wine-appellation rules.\nLabel registration for alcoholic beverages: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.sgg.gov.ma/BO/bo_fr/2013/BO_6152_Fr.pdf","https://www.sgg.gov.ma/BO/bo_fr/2018/BO_6684_Fr.pdf","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/DEC.2-12-389.FR_.c2.pdf","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/wp-content/uploads/Reglementation/R%C3%A9glementation%20Sectorielle/Produits%20Alimentaires/Boissons%20Alcoolis%C3%A9es/Vins/ARR.71-98.FR.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: Not yet sourced.\nMinor-access rule: The alcohol-trade order uses a 16-year threshold for minors. Licensed drinking premises may not admit unaccompanied minors in that threshold category, and a licensed establishment may not sell or supply alcoholic or alcoholised drinks free of charge to minors in that threshold category.\nCustomer-channel limit: A licensed establishment may not sell or supply alcoholic or alcoholised drinks free of charge to Moroccan Muslims.\nSale-hour and place limits: Licence holders must observe opening and closing hours fixed by the local administrative authority. The local administrative authority may prohibit bottle sales in specified areas or neighbourhoods and in defined perimeters near religious places, cemeteries and military, hospital or school establishments. Detailed local or regional sale-hour rules and regional layers: Not yet sourced.\nCredit sale: Retail credit sale of alcoholic or alcoholised drinks is prohibited.","sources":["https://adala.justice.gov.ma/api/uploads/2024/02/07/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A3%D9%88%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%20%E2%80%93%20%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1-1707300776400.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Morocco’s general law on distinctive signs of origin and quality covers food, agricultural and fisheries products through geographical indications and appellations of origin, but it expressly excludes vitivinicultural products and spirit drinks, except vinegar and table grapes. Wines follow the separate vitivinicultural appellation regime.\nVerified wine examples: Appellation d’Origine Garantie (AOG) examples include Berkane, Angad, Sais and Guerrouane. Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) examples verified by ONSSA include Les Coteaux de l’Atlas, Crémant de l’Atlas and Les Côtes de Rommani. These examples are not exhaustive.\nProtected spirit, beer and cider names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.onssa.gov.ma/wp-content/uploads/Reglementation/R%C3%A9glementation%20Connexe/Signes%20Distinctifs%20d%27Origine%20et%20de%20Qualit%C3%A9/LOI.25-06.FR.c1.pdf","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/controle-des-produits-alimentaires/produits-vegetaux-et-d-origine-vegetale/agrements-et-labels-qualite/obtention-du-aog-et-controlee-aoc-des-vins/","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ARR.869-75.FR.pdf","https://www.onssa.gov.ma/wp-content/uploads/Reglementation/R%C3%A9glementation%20Sectorielle/Produits%20Alimentaires/Boissons%20Alcoolis%C3%A9es/Vins/ARR.1955-98.FR.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Maroc, the Association Marocaine de Codification & de Numérotation des Articles. GS1 Maroc identifies itself as Morocco’s GS1 member and as the official organisation for issuing GTIN bar-code numbers.","sources":["https://gs1ma.org/contactez-nous/","https://gs1ma.org/notre-histoire/","https://gs1ma.org/le-code-a-barres-est-necessaire-sur-les-produits-de-consommation/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Broader legal purchase age beyond the sourced 16-year minor threshold; detailed local or regional sale-hour rules; beer and cider wholesale-specific authorisations beyond general alcohol and food rules; independent B2B platform, broker and payment-intermediary treatment; label registration for alcoholic beverages; mandatory general alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; protected spirit, beer and cider names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"il","country":"Israel","address":"il.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may trade beverage alcohol through a regulated private-channel model. Import of food that is an alcoholic beverage is handled through the Ministry of Health National Food Service, with importer registration, prior import approval and shipment compliance approval. Premises and logistics can also fall under business-licensing items for food and beverages storage, transport, distribution, retail sale or on-premise service. Customs classification, customs release conditions and purchase-tax obligations apply separately.","sources":["https://www.gov.il/he/pages/alcohol-imports?chapterindex=3","https://www.gov.il/en/pages/import_guide_beginners?chapterIndex=4","https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/generalpage/business-licensing-reform/he/home_main_business-licensing_training_training-materials-011.pdf","https://www.gov.il/en/service/customs-tariff","https://www.gov.il/he/service/reporting-online-tax-report"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Alcoholic-beverage import powers moved to the Ministry of Health National Food Service on 2025-02-01. Importers must complete registration with the Food Service; the Ministry guidance states that an importer who does not complete registration cannot continue importing on the basis of a Ministry of Economy certificate. The 2025 rules distinguish direct importers and parallel importers. Import of food that is an alcoholic beverage requires prior import approval, and the importer must comply with the approval and the beverage-import rules.\nImporter premises and storage: General food-importer registration requires warehouse details and either an appropriate food-storage business licence or a contract with a licensed storage provider, unless an exception applies. For customs release before required documents are provided, the Tax Authority service lists special importer approval, an approved marking sample and an inspection certificate among the documents for alcoholic beverages.\nWholesale and distribution: Business-licensing materials list storage of food and ingredients, including beverages, and transport, distribution or delivery of food and ingredients, including beverages, as licensing items. Separate retail and on-premise categories include supermarkets, restaurants and bars. A specific packaged business-to-business (B2B) wholesale licence category, if distinct from these general licences: Not yet sourced.\nManufacture and tax status: Food manufacture generally requires the applicable food-production authorisation. Tax Authority material also refers to licences for production of intoxicating beverages and to registered-dealer treatment for alcohol importers selling imported undenatured alcohol to businesses eligible for conditional exemption.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gov.il/he/pages/alcohol-imports?chapterindex=3","https://www.gov.il/he/pages/q-and-a-alcohol-imports","https://www.gov.il/en/service/non-animal-derived-food-importer-registration","https://www.gov.il/en/service/customs-m72","https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/generalpage/business-licensing-reform/he/home_main_business-licensing_training_training-materials-011.pdf","https://www.gov.il/he/service/purchase-tax-application-for-registered-dealer-certificate-alcohol","https://www.gov.il/en/service/use-of-alcohol-in-import-and-local-purchase"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203, beer made from malt. Wine: 2204, wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines and certain grape must. Cider: 2206, other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208, undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty framework: The Israel Tax Authority publishes the Customs and Purchase Tax Tariff. Classification at the full customs-item level determines tax rates, licences, standards and other import conditions. The official online tariff states that it presents the Customs Tariff and Exemption Tariff Order on Goods and purchase tax, but the legally binding wording is the order and amendments as published in official publications. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty.\nPurchase tax and excise-like treatment: Purchase tax is administered by the Tax Authority. Its online reporting service separates alcohol/intoxicating beverages by litres of 100% alcohol and beer by total litres, and the tax is calculated by applying the relevant rate for the product type. Conditional exemption procedures exist for qualifying alcohol import and local purchase. Exact purchase-tax category treatment for wine and cider: Not yet sourced.\nTerritorial treatment: Customs tariff legal-requirement rows for chapter 22 entries identify the relevant region as Israel and Autonomy for the listed import controls. Complete treatment of free zones, bonded movements, Palestinian Authority-destined commercial shipments and other territorial exceptions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gov.il/en/service/customs-tariff","https://www.gov.il/en/service/2customs-tariff","https://shaarolami-query.customs.mof.gov.il/CustomspilotWeb/en/CustomsBook/Import/ImportCustomsItemDetails?customsItemId=1940","https://www.gov.il/he/service/reporting-online-tax-report","https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/Topics/purchase_tax","https://www.gov.il/en/service/use-of-alcohol-in-import-and-local-purchase","https://www.gov.il/en/service/request-open-or-update-conditional-exemption"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Not yet sourced.\nMandatory warnings: Alcoholic-beverage containers require a statutory alcohol warning. The approved warning wording differs between strong alcoholic drinks above 15.5% alcohol by volume and alcoholic drinks at or below that level. Official Knesset material also describes format requirements, including a prominent black-on-white framed warning and a prescribed minimum share of the label.\nAlcohol strength: Israel’s customs and business-licensing materials classify alcoholic products by alcohol by volume in several places, but the complete mandatory alcohol-strength labelling rule by category and placement is not yet sourced.\nAllergens: The Ministry of Health has adopted European-style allergen labelling rules for prepacked food. Allergen information is to appear in the ingredient list with clear highlighting, with no separate “contains” box except in rare cases. Full mandatory implementation for prepacked food is phased to 2028.\nOrigin and wine particulars: The official wine-region map launched in 2026 is intended to standardise wine appellation labelling; the Ministry notice states that indicating a growing region on a wine label is optional under the Israeli Wine Standard. Detailed wine-standard particulars beyond that optional region indication: Not yet sourced. Origin lines for beer, cider and spirits outside wine-specific rules: Not yet sourced.\nLabel approval and import release: Alcoholic-beverage import uses prior import approval and shipment compliance approval under the Ministry of Health system. For release before required documents are produced, the Tax Authority service lists a marking sample approved by the Standards Institute and a full inspection certificate among the required documents.","sources":["https://main.knesset.gov.il/apps/legislation/main/laws/2000208","https://main.knesset.gov.il/APPS/committees/858/news/2680","https://www.gov.il/en/pages/food-labeling?chapterIndex=4","https://www.gov.il/en/pages/food-labeling?chapterIndex=8","https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/fcs-321965725/he/files_publications_units_food_control_services_fcs-321965725.pdf","https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/policy/fcs-94419226/he/files_regulation_fcs_fcs-94419226.pdf","https://www.gov.il/en/pages/official_wine_region_map_launched","https://www.gov.il/he/pages/alcohol-imports?chapterindex=3","https://www.gov.il/en/service/customs-m72"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Penal-law material states that selling, serving or supplying an intoxicating beverage to a minor is prohibited, and that a business may require age-identification before supply.\nSale-hour limits: The Business Licensing Law text published in Ministry of Interior materials prohibits sale, service or supply of an intoxicating beverage in the relevant licensed business from 23:00 to 06:00 the next day. Exceptions cover listed on-premise consumption businesses and licensed outbound customs warehouses. A 2024 amendment added a narrow wine exception for large food-and-consumer-goods shops on Thursdays or before specified holidays between 23:00 and 02:00, subject to statutory conditions including an additional-purchase condition.\nChannel limits: Retail, restaurant and bar channels are treated through business licensing and police-facing signage duties. Pure wholesale delivery-hour treatment and online B2B application of the retail hour rules: Not yet sourced.\nRegional and municipal layers: Knesset material records municipal by-law activity restricting possession or drinking of alcohol in public places during night hours. A complete municipal layer for trade premises and delivery is not yet sourced.","sources":["https://main.knesset.gov.il/apps/legislation/main/laws/2000479","https://fs.knesset.gov.il/%5C18%5Claw%5C18_lsr_301145.pdf","https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/generalpage/business-licensing-reform/he/home_main_business-licensing_training-materials-014.pdf","https://fs.knesset.gov.il/25/law/25_lsr_4587377.pdf","https://main.knesset.gov.il/News/PressReleases/pages/press08122020n.aspx","https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/generalpage/business-licensing-reform/he/home_main_business-licensing_training_training-materials-011.pdf"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Israel’s Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications Protection Law defines appellations of origin and geographical indications and provides for a Register of Appellations of Origin under the Patent Office at the Ministry of Justice. For wine and spirit beverages, use of a protected geographical indication for a product not originating in the indicated region is unlawful even if accompanied by terms such as sort, type, kind or imitation.\nVerified examples: Tequila and Mezcal are recognised by Israel under the Israel-Mexico free trade agreement as Mexican geographical indications or appellations of origin for beverages. The Israel Patent Office annual report gives Champagne and Bordeaux Clairet as examples of registered appellations of origin for wines. These examples are not exhaustive.\nWine, spirit and beer names: Wine and spirit examples are sourced above. Protected beer and cider names, and a current full live-register beverage list: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/legalinfo/tm-law/en/APPELLATIONS%20OF%20ORIGIN%20AND%20GEOGRAPHICAL%20INDICATIONS.pdf","https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/new-annual-reports/en/annual-reports_eng_main-annual-report-2015-eng.pdf","https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/policy/free-trade-area-agreement-israel-mexico/he/sahar-hutz_agreements_Mexico-Israel-fta-en.pdf","https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/legalinfo/tm-law/en/Appellations%20of%20Origin%20%28Procedure%20of%20Registration%20of%20Appellations%20of%20Origin%20Originating%20in%20a%20Foreign%20Country%29%20Regulations%2C%205727-1967.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Israel. Its guidance explains that a GTIN identifies trade items and that joining GS1 Israel gives the brand owner a GS1 Global Company Prefix for the company’s exclusive use.","sources":["https://www.gs1il.org/gtin/","https://www.gs1.org/sites/gs1/files/2020-11/gs1-annual-report-2019-2020.pdf"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Specific packaged B2B wholesale licence category; business-to-business (B2B) online sale; exact purchase-tax category treatment for wine and cider; complete free-zone, Palestinian Authority and other territorial treatment; required label language; complete alcohol-strength labelling rule by category and placement; detailed wine-standard particulars; origin lines for beer, cider and spirits outside wine-specific rules; pure wholesale delivery-hour treatment and online B2B application of retail hour rules; complete municipal trade-premises and delivery layer; protected beer and cider names and a current full live-register beverage list: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"ae","country":"United Arab Emirates","address":"ae.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Beverage alcohol is not a state-monopoly channel in the official sources found; it is a restricted and emirate-regulated product. Federal criminal law allows drinking, possession and trade only in authorised cases and places under legislation in force, and gives each emirate power to regulate use, circulation, possession and trade. Dubai’s model uses authorised establishments for import, re-export, distribution and supply, with Dubai Police permit categories for import, re-export, sale or supply and serving. Detailed emirate-by-emirate alcohol permissions outside Dubai and the federal restricted-goods framework: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://u.ae/-/media/Documents-2024/Penal-Code-as-amended.pdf","https://dlp.dubai.gov.ae/Legislation%20Reference/2016/Decree%20No.%20%281%29%20of%202016%20Approving%20Fees%20and%20Fines%20of%20Government%20Entities%20in%20the%20Emirate%20of%20Dubai.html","https://u.ae/information-and-services/finance-and-investment/clearing-the-customs-and-paying-customs-duty"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Alcoholic drinks are restricted goods requiring prior approval from the competent authorities. The official customs guidance identifies alcoholic drinks under Ministry of Interior and Dubai Police control. Import documents generally include commercial invoice, certificate of origin, packing list with Harmonized System (HS) codes and an import permit from competent agencies for restricted goods. Food and beverage shipments also require pre-approval from the food-control department of the concerned municipality.\nWholesale and distribution: In Dubai, an authorised establishment is defined as a company or corporation authorised to import, re-export, distribute and supply others with alcoholic drinks. Dubai permit categories include import, re-export, sale or supply through warehouses, stores, factories or outlets, and serving at licensed hospitality premises. Establishments must keep transaction records covering imported, re-exported, sold, supplied and transferred quantities, and the names and permit details of supplied establishments.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: The online channel does not remove the underlying alcohol approvals. The federal eCommerce framework covers online sale of goods through websites, applications, social media and digital marketplaces; online sellers must hold required licences and approvals, sell only permitted products and obtain approvals for regulated or restricted products. Mainland online sale needs a commercial licence including eCommerce activity; free-zone businesses need the relevant free-zone licence and, for mainland access, a local distributor or additional approvals may be required. Independent marketplace, broker and payment-intermediary treatment for alcohol: Not yet sourced.\nRegional layer: Each emirate may regulate alcohol use, circulation, possession and trade. Dubai’s published permit framework is sourced above. Complete local premises permissions and alcohol-trade conditions in the other emirates: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://u.ae/-/media/Documents-2024/Penal-Code-as-amended.pdf","https://u.ae/information-and-services/finance-and-investment/clearing-the-customs-and-paying-customs-duty","https://u.ae/-/media/Information-and-services/Business/UAE-imports-and-exports-guide-eng.pdf","https://dlp.dubai.gov.ae/Legislation%20Reference/2016/Decree%20No.%20%281%29%20of%202016%20Approving%20Fees%20and%20Fines%20of%20Government%20Entities%20in%20the%20Emirate%20of%20Dubai.html","https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/business/ecommerce","https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/business/doing-business-in-free-zones/running-a-business-in-a-free-zone-"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203, beer made from malt. Wine: 2204, wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine; certain grape must. Cider: 2206, other fermented beverages including cider, perry, mead and qualifying mixtures. Spirits: 2208, undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: The official portal states the general customs-duty basis and a separate alcohol duty rate. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) publishes tariff lines through the Unified Customs Tariff for Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States and local customs portals. The tariff schedule classifies beverage alcohol lines as “special goods”; use the full HS code, product description, origin and any applicable preference or restriction. A four-digit heading alone does not establish the payable duty. Exact preferential treatment for a specified product and origin: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: Cabinet Resolution No. 197 of 2025 lists excise goods as tobacco and tobacco products, liquids and devices for electronic smoking, energy drinks and sweetened beverages. It states that the energy-drink and sweetened-beverage provisions do not include beverages containing alcohol. Beverage alcohol can still attract customs duty, value added tax and local alcohol charges or permit conditions.\nTerritorial treatment: The Federal Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs and Port Security is the federal customs entity, while emirate customs authorities operate at local ports. Free-zone cargo stored for re-export can remain without customs duty; moving goods from a free zone into the UAE or GCC mainland requires customs clearance and applicable duty, and restricted goods require competent-authority approval. Other emirate-specific alcohol fees and free-zone alcohol-specific rules outside Dubai: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://u.ae/information-and-services/finance-and-investment/clearing-the-customs-and-paying-customs-duty","https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/legislations/2705/regulations/1001/download","https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/legislations/3983/download","https://u.ae/-/media/Information-and-services/Business/UAE-imports-and-exports-guide-eng.pdf","https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/business/doing-business-in-free-zones/running-a-business-in-a-free-zone-"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): General pre-packaged food label information must be in Arabic. Other languages may be used in addition to Arabic. If the original label is not Arabic, a supplementary Arabic label may be attached if it is complete, accurate, non-misleading, does not obscure required information and is applied by the manufacturer, producer, packer or importer. Imported food packaging and boxes must show production and expiry dates in Arabic and English.\nMandatory warnings: Product-dependent advisory statements apply. The Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority code gives examples including protective-atmosphere, sweetener, aspartame, polyol and high-caffeine statements. A general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nAlcohol strength: Mandatory alcohol-strength declaration for beer, wine, spirits and cider: Not yet sourced.\nAllergens: Specified allergenic ingredients must be named or clearly referenced. The listed allergens include gluten-containing cereals, crustacea, eggs, fish, peanuts, soybeans, milk including lactose, tree nuts and sulphites at or above the stated threshold. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites above the prescribed level must appear under their full name.\nOrigin lines: Country or place of origin is required where absence may mislead. If the food’s origin differs from its primary ingredients’ origin, those ingredients’ origin must also be given where relevant.\nWine particulars: Wine-specific origin, ingredient, nutrition, vintage, grape variety and importer particulars: Not yet sourced.\nLabel registration: In Dubai, food establishments can register a food product after ensuring conformity and can assess the food label against local, GCC and European specifications. Alcohol label-registration treatment outside Dubai: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.adafsa.gov.ae/CMS/Guidelines/Code%20of%20Practice%20No.%20%2805%29%20of%202019%20General%20Food%20Labelling%20Requirements.pdf","https://u.ae/-/media/Information-and-services/Business/UAE-imports-and-exports-guide-eng.pdf","https://www.dm.gov.ae/dubai-municipality-services/"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 21. Federal criminal law penalises offering or selling alcoholic drinks to a person who has not completed 21 years of age, or buying them to provide to that person; the offence is avoided where the seller verifies, from a passport or other official document, that the recipient is at least 21.\nChannel limits: Alcohol may be drunk, possessed or traded only in cases and places authorised under legislation in force. Each emirate may regulate use, circulation, possession and trade. Dubai’s sourced rules show separate permits for import, re-export, sale or supply, serving and individual obtaining of alcoholic drinks, and fines for supplying, selling, serving or obtaining without the relevant permit.\nSale-hour limits: Not yet sourced.\nRegional layers: Complete emirate-by-emirate legal purchase, possession, off-trade, on-trade, delivery and dry-area rules: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://u.ae/-/media/Documents-2024/Penal-Code-as-amended.pdf","https://dlp.dubai.gov.ae/Legislation%20Reference/2016/Decree%20No.%20%281%29%20of%202016%20Approving%20Fees%20and%20Fines%20of%20Government%20Entities%20in%20the%20Emirate%20of%20Dubai.html"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Federal trademark law contains a geographical-indications chapter. Geographical indications are registered as trademarks under the trademark law and executive regulations. A geographical indication can be a sign or group of signs, including words and geographical names. Protection applies while the indication is protected in the country of origin, and the Ministry maintains a geographical-indications register. For a foreign geographical indication, the executive regulation requires a certified and translated copy of the origin-country registration certificate.\nVerified examples: The Ministry of Economy announced a first phase for national products including Hatta honey, Ras Al Khaimah ceramics, Dabbas dates from Al Dhafra, and traditional palm-frond products. These are not alcoholic-beverage examples.\nWine, spirit and beer names: Verified alcoholic beverage geographical indications or protected names registered or recognised for UAE trade: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/legislations/1535/download","https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/legislations/1562/download","https://www.moec.gov.ae/en/-/ministry-of-economy-introduces-geographical-indications-for-national-products-enhancing-their-competitiveness-in-global-markets?p_l_back_url=%2Fen%2Ftest1%3Fcategory%3D397573%26tag%3D2018%26delta%3D20%26category%3D752020%26tag%3D2022%26start%3D29"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 UAE. GS1 UAE states that a GS1 number and barcode is the starting point for products sold online or in store, and GS1’s member-organisation listing identifies GS1 UAE in Dubai.","sources":["https://www.gs1ae.org/about-us/what-we-do/","https://www.gs1.org/sites/gs1/files/2022-11/gs1-annual-report-2021-2022.pdf"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Detailed emirate-by-emirate alcohol permissions outside Dubai and the federal restricted-goods framework; independent marketplace, broker and payment-intermediary treatment for alcohol; complete local premises permissions and alcohol-trade conditions in the other emirates; exact preferential treatment for a specified product and origin; other emirate-specific alcohol fees and free-zone alcohol-specific rules outside Dubai; general mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; mandatory alcohol-strength declaration; wine-specific label particulars; alcohol label-registration treatment outside Dubai; sale-hour limits; complete emirate-by-emirate legal purchase, possession, off-trade, on-trade, delivery and dry-area rules; verified alcoholic beverage geographical indications or protected names registered or recognised for UAE trade: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"tr","country":"Türkiye","address":"tr.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may import, produce, distribute, wholesale, retail and sell to the on-trade only through the relevant Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Tütün ve Alkol Dairesi Başkanlığı (TADAB) authorisations and sales certificates. Producers receive production permission and a Dağıtım Yetki Belgesi (DYB); importers use DYB, alcoholic-beverage notification and bandrol/product approval routes. Wholesale and retail remain certificate-based, and consumer distance sale is restricted while controlled business-to-business (B2B) online sale is separately regulated.","sources":["https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?TermId=dcbda54d-586f-4170-8f13-9bd6f4df4eed&TermSetId=429287a1-e5aa-4eb2-b299-4176bdf8330c&TermStoreId=368e785b-af33-487d-a98d-c11d5495130b&UrlSuffix=23%2FAlkol-Ve-Alkollu-Ickiler-Daire-Baskanligi","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Alkoll%C3%BC%20%C4%B0%C3%A7kiler/%C4%B0lgili%20Mevzuat%20D%C3%BCzenlemeleri/7.5.6203-yonetmelik.pdf","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Y%C3%B6netmelikler/yonetmelik_27808_07.01.2011.pdf","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?TermId=dcbda54d-586f-4170-8f13-9bd6f4df4eed&TermSetId=429287a1-e5aa-4eb2-b299-4176bdf8330c&TermStoreId=368e785b-af33-487d-a98d-c11d5495130b&UrlSuffix=24%2FPiyasa-Duzenleme-Ve-Kontrol-Daire-Baskanligi"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Packaged alcoholic beverages for market supply require an alcoholic-beverage notification to TADAB, product and shipment documentation, Turkish label samples and bandrol approval. Importers apply for a DYB; the published TADAB guidance states that the importer DYB is valid for two years. Certain bulk alcoholic beverages, alcoholic mixtures, distillates and concentrates listed in the import-control annex cannot be put into free circulation or imported, except for specified testing, sample, research and processing cases.\nWholesale and distribution: Producers and importers place products on the market through their own distribution or responsible distributors and wholesalers. A DYB is required for import and for placing production on the market. Wholesale sales of alcoholic drinks require an alcoholic-drink wholesale sales certificate; a separate certificate is required for each sales or storage place. Producers and importers may sell to wholesalers under their production, import and distribution authorisations, but direct supply to retail or open-sale sellers requires the wholesale sales certificate. Wholesalers may not buy from uncertificated sellers or sell to persons without a valid sales certificate, and invoices/dispatch documents carry TADAB registry details and product identification.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Consumer online, postal and similar distance sales cannot be set up. Certified sellers may sell to non-consumers through information-society services or postal order only with a physical workplace, prior notification of the sales medium, inclusion of that medium on the sales certificate, and access limited to supply-chain users holding sales certificates by username and password.","sources":["https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?TermId=dcbda54d-586f-4170-8f13-9bd6f4df4eed&TermSetId=429287a1-e5aa-4eb2-b299-4176bdf8330c&TermStoreId=368e785b-af33-487d-a98d-c11d5495130b&UrlSuffix=23%2FAlkol-Ve-Alkollu-Ickiler-Daire-Baskanligi","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Alkoll%C3%BC%20%C4%B0%C3%A7kiler/%C4%B0lgili%20Mevzuat%20D%C3%BCzenlemeleri/7.5.6203-yonetmelik.pdf","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Tebli%C4%9Fler/2926_19_UGD_Teblig.pdf","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Y%C3%B6netmelikler/yonetmelik_27808_07.01.2011.pdf","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?TermId=dcbda54d-586f-4170-8f13-9bd6f4df4eed&TermSetId=429287a1-e5aa-4eb2-b299-4176bdf8330c&TermStoreId=368e785b-af33-487d-a98d-c11d5495130b&UrlSuffix=24%2FPiyasa-Duzenleme-Ve-Kontrol-Daire-Baskanligi","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Duyuru/277/Alkollu-Icki-Urun-Onayi-Ve-Guncelleme-Islemlerine-Iliskin-Duyuru"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203, malt beer. Wine: 2204, fresh grape wine including fortified wine and relevant grape must. Cider: 2206, other fermented beverages; the import-control annex expressly includes apple cider, perry, mead and similar fermented drinks under 2206. Spirits: 2208, undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Use the İstatistik Pozisyonlarına Bölünmüş Türk Gümrük Tarife Cetveli and the full twelve-digit Gümrük Tarife İstatistik Pozisyonu (GTİP), not only the four-digit heading. The Ministry of Trade publishes the current tariff and import-regime materials. The Import Regime Decision covers customs duty, additional fiscal liabilities, equivalent charges, import policy measures and import permissions. Origin, free-trade or preference rules, additional customs duties and product-safety controls can alter the treatment.\nExcise: Alcoholic drinks fall in list III(A) of the Özel Tüketim Vergisi (ÖTV) system. The list covers malt beer under 2203, wine and grape must under 2204, other fermented drinks under 2206 and spirits under 2208. The structure uses listed ad valorem rates and/or minimum specific excise amounts by tariff line and product. The law allows differentiated rates or minimums by product type, features, price group, alcohol degree and contained alcohol.\nTerritorial treatment: Customs law defines the Türkiye Customs Territory as the territory of the Republic of Türkiye, including territorial waters, internal waters and airspace. Imported goods remain under customs supervision until their customs status is determined or a customs-approved treatment applies, including free-zone treatment. No separate provincial customs territory applies to ordinary imports.","sources":["https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b8700a513b8761450e18d81/Alkoll%C3%BC%20ve%20Alkols%C3%BCz%20%C4%B0%C3%A7ecekler.pdf","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Tebli%C4%9Fler/2926_19_UGD_Teblig.pdf","https://ticaret.gov.tr/gumruk-islemleri/sikca-sorulan-sorular/ticari/tarife","https://ticaret.gov.tr/gumruk-islemleri/mevzuat/cumhurbaskanligi-karari-bkk","https://risk.ticaret.gov.tr/ithalat/ithalat-mevzuati/ithalat-rejimi-karari-igv-karari-ve-ithalat-tebligleri/1-ithalat-rejimi-kararikarar-sayisi3350karar-metni-ve-tablolar-konsolide-edilmis-olup-gunceldir","https://www.gib.gov.tr/mevzuat/kanun/437","https://cdn.gib.gov.tr/api/gibportal-file/file/getFileResources?objectKey=arsiv%2Fyardim-kaynaklar%2Fyararli-bilgiler%2Fozel-tuketim-vergisi-oranlari%2F04012021_III_sayili_liste.pdf","https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc084/kanuntbmmc084/kanuntbmmc08404458.pdf"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Mandatory food information must be in Turkish. Other official languages may appear in addition, but Turkish mandatory information remains required.\nMandatory warnings: Non-export alcoholic drinks produced in or imported into Türkiye must carry Turkish written warning messages stating harms. The warning may also be in picture, shape or graphic form. Products without the required warning messages cannot be offered for sale or sold. TADAB requires warning-message compliance undertakings in the alcoholic-drink online product-approval process.\nAlcohol strength: Beverages above 1.2% alcohol by volume declare actual alcoholic strength. Wine under heading 2204 follows the wine-code rules for alcohol declaration; other alcoholic drinks follow the general food-information annex rules.\nAllergen lines: Annex allergens must be declared. If a product has no ingredients list, the allergen is named after the word “contains”. Sulphur dioxide and sulphites are declared at concentrations above 10 milligrams per kilogram or litre, measured as total sulphur dioxide.\nOrigin lines: The general food-information rule requires a clear, unabbreviated country-of-origin statement. Imported products identify the responsible food business as importer. For alcoholic-beverage import notification, the Turkish label sample also states the beverage’s production country and, if different, the packaging country.\nWine particulars: The Wine Communiqué sets wine-specific labelling, including alcohol-tolerance rules, minimum character size for actual alcohol, optional colour names, optional grape variety, region and production year, sugar-expression categories, and statements for artificially sparkling or semi-sparkling wine and wine from over-ripe grapes.\nLabel registration/product approval: Import and product-approval files include original and Turkish label samples, technical specifications, production process, and any geographical indication, label, bottle or closure registration documents. TADAB product approval does not remove the operator’s responsibility for compliance with other legislation.","sources":["https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/01/20170126M1-6.htm","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/Konular/Gida-Ve-Yem-Hizmetleri/Gida-Hizmetleri/Kodeks","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Alkoll%C3%BC%20%C4%B0%C3%A7kiler/%C4%B0lgili%20Mevzuat%20D%C3%BCzenlemeleri/4250.pdf","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Duyuru/275/","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Duyuru/277/Alkollu-Icki-Urun-Onayi-Ve-Guncelleme-Islemlerine-Iliskin-Duyuru","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Alkoll%C3%BC%20%C4%B0%C3%A7kiler/%C4%B0lgili%20Mevzuat%20D%C3%BCzenlemeleri/sarap_teblig.pdf","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Alkoll%C3%BC%20%C4%B0%C3%A7kiler/%C4%B0lgili%20Mevzuat%20D%C3%BCzenlemeleri/7.5.6203-yonetmelik.pdf"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: 18. Alcoholic drinks cannot be sold or served for consumption or takeaway to persons under 18; sellers must request identity where age is doubtful. Persons under 18 also cannot be employed in alcoholic-drink production, marketing, sale or open service, except for legally conducted educational work.\nSale-hour and channel limits: Retail sale of alcoholic drinks is prohibited from 22:00 to 06:00. Alcoholic drinks cannot be sold through automatic vending machines, game or betting-related machines or methods, press or broadcast consumer sales, or postal sale to consumers. Open alcoholic-drink premises may serve for on-site consumption within their licensed boundaries only.\nPlace and channel limits: Alcoholic-drink sale or service is barred in listed premises including student dormitories, health-service premises, stadiums and indoor sports halls, education premises, coffee houses, pastry shops, certain card-game premises and fuel stations. For retail or open sale, the place must generally be at least 100 metres door-to-door from formal education institutions, student dormitories and places of worship, subject to the stated exceptions.\nRegional and local layers: The nationally sourced rules are applied through premises sales certificates and local workplace permissions. Retail (perakende) and open-sale applications attach a workplace opening and operating licence; where there is no municipal organisation, a positive opinion from the local civil authority is used. Distance confirmation is recorded by the authority that issues the workplace licence or by an additional letter.","sources":["https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Alkoll%C3%BC%20%C4%B0%C3%A7kiler/%C4%B0lgili%20Mevzuat%20D%C3%BCzenlemeleri/4250.pdf","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Belgeler/Y%C3%B6netmelikler/yonetmelik_27808_07.01.2011.pdf","https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TADAB/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?TermId=dcbda54d-586f-4170-8f13-9bd6f4df4eed&TermSetId=429287a1-e5aa-4eb2-b299-4176bdf8330c&TermStoreId=368e785b-af33-487d-a98d-c11d5495130b&UrlSuffix=24%2FPiyasa-Duzenleme-Ve-Kontrol-Daire-Baskanligi"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu (TÜRKPATENT) is the official authority for registration of geographical indications and traditional product names. Registered geographical indications must be used according to their specifications; misuse, imitation, evocation and misleading origin statements can infringe the right. The official emblem is mandatory for registered geographical indications.\nVerified wine names: Avşa Adakarası Şarabı is registered as a wine geographical indication. Bordeaux and Champagne are registered foreign wine geographical indications in the same official portal. These examples are not exhaustive.\nVerified spirit names: Türk Rakısı, Rakı and Cognac are registered spirit-related geographical indications in the official portal. These examples are not exhaustive.\nVerified beer protected name: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/sayfa/hakk%C4%B1m%C4%B1zda","https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/sayfa/hukuki-yapt%C4%B1r%C4%B1mlar","https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/sayfa/amblem-nas%C4%B1l-kullan%C4%B1l%C4%B1r","https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/cografi-isaretler/detay/37888","https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/cografi-isaretler/detay/38007","https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/Files/GeographicalSigns/be78d42c-1b53-4376-921a-dac1c9fadb18.pdf","https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/Files/GeographicalSigns/be2102ca-eff4-4751-8b46-1620cbbf62ae.pdf","https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/cografi-isaretler/detay/38051","https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/Files/GeographicalSigns/3fc0e558-73f0-48f6-8a5b-22e9bbf1464f.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Türkiye, operated through GS1 Türkiye Vakfı and its economic enterprise. Its rules define GS1 Türkiye as the route for GS1 system membership in Türkiye and for allocation of GS1 company prefix numbers.","sources":["https://www.gs1tr.org/view/icerik/tarihce.php","https://www.gs1tr.org/userfiles/files/USULESASLAR_YENI_07032024.pdf","https://gs1.eu/gs1-in-europe-%20member-organisations/"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Verified beer protected name: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]},{"code":"lb","country":"Lebanon","address":"lb.bev-cuvee.org","as_of":"2026-11-10","hub_node":null,"sections":[{"key":"market_status","title":"Market status","text":"Licensed. Private operators may trade beverage alcohol, but import and commercial movement are controlled through customs, Ministry of Economy and Trade visa controls and indirect-tax transport permits. Beer, wine, other fermented beverages including cider, and spirits appear in Chapter 22 of the Lebanese tariff. Alcoholic energy drinks are prohibited, and customs restrictions also identify a prohibited arak category when made from non-grape or non-vinous alcohol or anethole. This is a private licensed/restricted market, not a state-monopoly channel.","sources":["https://www.customs.gov.lb/Files/Government_Controls/Circular_No1_01-06-2021.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.lb/Tariff/Tariff_Table.aspx?CH=22"]},{"key":"who_can_trade","title":"Who can trade","text":"Import: Imported and exported goods must be covered by a detailed customs declaration. The Customs Law allows declarations by licensed customs clearance agents, or by traders or their authorised agents who have proof of ownership, custody or shipping rights. Beer under heading 2203, wine under 2204, other fermented beverages under 2206 and spirits under 2208 are listed as requiring Ministry of Economy and Trade fraud-repression visa control on import.\nWholesale and distribution: Commercial movements of beer, wine, other fermented beverages and spirits are subject to an indirect-tax transport licence when the moved quantity exceeds the personal threshold stated in the customs control circular. Customs warehouse and free-zone handling is available only under the customs regimes and approvals in the Customs Law. Detailed domestic wholesale licence and premises permissions: Not yet sourced.\nTax registration: Ministry of Finance value added tax registration procedures apply where the operator meets the conditions for taxable or export/import activity. Importers and exporters should verify current tax registration status before trading.\nBusiness-to-business (B2B) online sale: Law No. 81 of 2018 on electronic transactions is listed by Banque du Liban and the Lebanese legislation database; its electronic-commerce rule allows electronic commerce within the prohibitions and restrictions set by law. Therefore an online B2B order does not remove customs, visa, transport-licence or tax conditions. Specific online alcohol platform, agency and payment-intermediary permissions: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.customs.gov.lb/Files/Laws/law_en.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.lb/Files/Government_Controls/Circular_No1_01-06-2021.pdf","https://www.finance.gov.lb/en-us/Taxation/Companies/VAT/Pages/Registration-in-VAT.aspx","https://www.finance.gov.lb/en-us/Minister_News/Minister%20News/Arabic/2026/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%2012-05-2026.pdf","https://bdl.gov.lb/laws.php","https://legallaw.ul.edu.lb/Law.aspx?language=ar&lawId=278573"]},{"key":"customs_duty","title":"Customs and duty","text":"Tariff headings: Beer: 2203. Beer made from malt. Wine: 2204. Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wine; certain grape must. Cider: 2206. Other fermented beverages, including cider, perry, mead, sake and mixtures. Spirits: 2208. Undenatured ethyl alcohol below 80% alcohol by volume; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages.\nImport duty: Lebanon publishes an integrated customs tariff through Lebanese Customs. The payable treatment depends on the full tariff line, customs value, origin and any applicable agreement or restriction. The tariff table shows customs duty, value added tax, complementary notes, restrictions, agreements and classification texts. A four-digit heading alone is not enough to calculate duty for a shipment. Exact customs duty for a specified product/origin: Not yet sourced.\nExcise: The tariff table applies an internal consumption duty to alcoholic drinks. Beer is shown separately from wine, other fermented beverages and spirits; spirits have subcategory treatment within heading 2208. Duty amounts are not reproduced here.\nTerritorial treatment: Customs warehouses are a duty-deferring status. Free trade and industrial zones may be treated as outside the customs territory for entry, storage, export and re-export, but goods sent from a free zone into the customs zone for local consumption are subject to applicable duties. Other local border, municipal and environmental charges: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://www.customs.gov.lb/Tariff/Tariff_Table.aspx?CH=22","https://www.customs.gov.lb/Files/Laws/law_en.pdf","https://www.economy.gov.lb/en/services/support-to-smes/international-trade-for-smes"]},{"key":"labelling","title":"Labelling","text":"Required language(s): Arabic is the default language for information required on labels, packaging and general offers of goods or services. The Minister of Economy and Trade may specify cases where English or French can be used instead of Arabic.\nMandatory particulars: The Consumer Protection Law requires label or packaging information determined by the competent administration according to the product’s nature, characteristics and applicable standards. Examples include the nature and type of the goods, composition or ingredients, net weight or volume or number, durability, country or place of origin, manufacturer or professional name and address, and risks or warnings from use.\nAlcohol-specific customs particulars: Beer, wine, other fermented beverages and many spirits must bear labels or marks clearly showing the true type or content, the full name of the manufacturer or responsible export agent, and the country of origin.\nAlcohol strength: Mandatory physical-label alcohol-strength line: Not yet sourced.\nAllergens: Allergen label lines: Not yet sourced.\nMandatory warnings: A mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning: Not yet sourced.\nOrigin and wine particulars: Origin is required under the consumer-law and customs alcohol-labelling rules described above. Detailed wine label particulars beyond origin: Not yet sourced.\nLabel registration: Import visa control is sourced, but a separate label registration or pre-approval requirement: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://economy.gov.lb/media/3916/8282_2393_9984.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.lb/Files/Government_Controls/Circular_No1_01-06-2021.pdf","https://libnor.gov.lb/CatalogDetails.aspx?id=6389&language=en","https://libnor.gov.lb/CustomPage.aspx?id=20&language=en"]},{"key":"age_sale_limits","title":"Age and sale limits","text":"Legal purchase age: Legal purchase age stated as a purchase rule: Not yet sourced.\nService and public-place supply: Penal Code Article 625 penalises serving spirituous drinks to a minor under 18 when it leads to intoxication. Article 626 penalises the owner of a tavern or another place open to the public, and the owner’s employees, if they serve spirituous drinks to a visibly intoxicated person or to a minor under 18. Repeat offences under Articles 626 and 627 can lead to permanent closure under Article 628.\nSale-hour limits: Not yet sourced.\nRegional or municipal age and sale layers: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://legallaw.ul.edu.lb/LawArticles.aspx?LawID=244611&LawTreeSectionID=265023&language=ar"]},{"key":"protected_names","title":"Protected names","text":"Protection framework: The Ministry of Economy and Trade states that the 1924 trademark law does not explicitly protect geographical indications, but that geographical indications are protected through Lebanon’s treaty commitments and through customs, fraud-control and criminal-law mechanisms. The Ministry’s geographical-indications project describes a registration framework intended for agricultural, artisan and agro-food products, including wine and spirits, but a current enacted beverage geographical-indication register or official protected-name list: Not yet sourced.\nWine names: Ministry material on Law No. 216/2000 describes wine appellation of origin by geographic production region or defined place, with administrative governorates used pending the agricultural cadastre. Specific recognised wine appellation names: Not yet sourced.\nSpirit names: Ministry material states that the 1937 arak law reserves Arak to alcohol obtained by fermenting grape and distilling it with anise seed. Customs controls also prohibit arak made from non-grape or non-vinous alcohol or anethole.\nBeer and cider protected names: Not yet sourced.","sources":["https://economy.gov.lb/en/what-we-provide/intellectual-property-right/trademark/","https://www.economy.gov.lb/en/projects/protection-of-geographical-indications","https://www.economy.gov.lb/public/uploads/files/9791_4027_6145.pdf","https://www.customs.gov.lb/Files/Government_Controls/Circular_No1_01-06-2021.pdf"]},{"key":"gtin_authority","title":"GTIN authority","text":"Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) member organisation: GS1 Lebanon. GS1 guidance states that a business must join a GS1 Member Organisation to obtain a GS1 GTIN, and GS1 Lebanon identifies itself as the Lebanon office for GS1 standards and barcodes.","sources":["https://www.gs1lb.org/about.html","https://www.gs1lb.org/barcode.html","https://support.gs1.org/support/solutions/articles/43000734128-why-do-i-need-to-join-gs1-to-get-a-gs1-gtin-"]},{"key":"not_yet_sourced","title":"Not yet sourced","text":"Detailed domestic wholesale licence and premises permissions; specific online alcohol platform, agency and payment-intermediary permissions; exact customs duty for a specified product/origin; other local border, municipal and environmental charges; mandatory physical-label alcohol-strength line; allergen label lines; mandatory alcohol-health or pregnancy warning; detailed wine label particulars beyond origin; separate label registration or pre-approval; legal purchase age stated as a purchase rule; sale-hour limits; regional or municipal age and sale layers; current enacted beverage geographical-indication register or official protected-name list; specific recognised wine appellation names; beer and cider protected names: Not yet sourced.","sources":[]}]}]}